Lecture 8-2

Computer Programming-2
Lecture 8
Dr.Sara A.shehab
1
Inheritance and Polymorphism
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eighth Edition, (c) 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0132130807
2
Motivations
✓ Suppose you will define classes to model circles,
rectangles, and triangles.
✓ These classes have many common features.
✓ What is the best way to design these classes so to

avoid redundancy?
✓ The answer is to use inheritance.

3
Superclasses and Subclasses
GeometricObject
-color: String The color of the object (default: white).
-filled: boolean Indicates whether the object is filled with a color (default: false).
-dateCreated: java.util.Date The date when the object was created.
+GeometricObject() Creates a GeometricObject.
+GeometricObject(color: String, Creates a GeometricObject with the specified color and filled
filled: boolean) values.
GeometricObject1
+getColor(): String Returns the color.
+setColor(color: String): void Sets a new color.
+isFilled(): boolean Returns the filled property.
+setFilled(filled: boolean): void Sets a new filled property.
+getDateCreated(): java.util.Date Returns the dateCreated.
+toString(): String Returns a string representation of this object.
Circle4
Circle Rectangle
-radius: double
+Circle()
-width: double
-height: double Rectangle1
+Circle(radius: double) +Rectangle()
+Circle(radius: double, color: String, +Rectangle(width: double, height: double)
filled: boolean) +Rectangle(width: double, height: double
+getRadius(): double
+setRadius(radius: double): void
color: String, filled: boolean)
+getWidth(): double TestCircleRectangle
+getArea(): double +setWidth(width: double): void
+getPerimeter(): double +getHeight(): double
+getDiameter(): double
+printCircle(): void
+setHeight(height: double): void
+getArea(): double Run
+getPerimeter(): double
4
Are superclass’s Constructor
Inherited?
No. They are not inherited.
They are invoked explicitly or implicitly.
Explicitly using the super keyword.
A constructor is used to construct an instance of a class.
Unlike properties and methods, a superclass's
constructors are not inherited in the subclass. They can
only be invoked from the subclasses' constructors, using
the keyword super. If the keyword super is not explicitly
used, the superclass's no-arg constructor is
automatically invoked.
5
Superclass’s Constructor Is Always Invoked
A constructor may invoke an overloaded constructor or its
superclass’s constructor. If none of them is invoked
explicitly, the compiler puts super() as the first statement
in the constructor. For example,
public A() { public A() {

is equivalent to
} super();
}
public A(double d) { public A(double d) {

// some statements is equivalent to
super();
} // some statements
}
6
Using the Keyword super
The keyword super refers to the superclass
of the class in which super appears. This
keyword can be used in two ways:
To call a superclass constructor
To call a superclass method
7
CAUTION
You must use the keyword super to call the

superclass constructor. Invoking a
superclass constructor’s name in a subclass
causes a syntax error. Java requires that the
statement that uses the keyword super
appear first in the constructor.
8
Constructor Chaining
Constructing an instance of a class invokes all the superclasses’ constructors
along the inheritance chain. This is called constructor chaining.
public class Faculty extends Employee {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Faculty();
}
public Faculty() {
System.out.println("(4) Faculty's no-arg constructor is invoked");
}
}
class Employee extends Person {

public Employee() {
this("(2) Invoke Employee’s overloaded constructor");
System.out.println("(3) Employee's no-arg constructor is invoked");
}
public Employee(String s) {
System.out.println(s);
}
}
class Person {
public Person() {
System.out.println("(1) Person's no-arg constructor is invoked");
}
} Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eighth Edition, (c) 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All
9
animation
Trace Execution
new Faculty(); 1. Start from the
} main method
public Faculty() {
}
}

public Employee() {
}
}
}
class Person {
public Person() {
}
}
10
animation
Trace Execution
new Faculty(); 2. Invoke Faculty
} constructor
public Faculty() {
}
}

public Employee() {
}
}
}
class Person {
public Person() {
}
}
11
animation
Trace Execution
new Faculty();
}
public Faculty() {
}
} 3. Invoke Employee’s no-
arg constructor
public Employee() {
}
}
}
class Person {
public Person() {
}
}
12
animation
Trace Execution
new Faculty();
}
public Faculty() {
}
}
4. Invoke Employee(String)
class Employee extends Person { constructor
public Employee() {
}
}
}
class Person {
public Person() {
}
}
13
animation
Trace Execution
new Faculty();
}
public Faculty() {
}
}

public Employee() {
}
}
} 5. Invoke Person() constructor
class Person {
public Person() {
}
}
14
animation
Trace Execution
new Faculty();
}
public Faculty() {
}
}

public Employee() {
}
}
}
6. Execute println
class Person {
public Person() {
}
}
15
animation
Trace Execution
new Faculty();
}
public Faculty() {
}
}

public Employee() {
}
}
}
7. Execute println
class Person {
public Person() {
}
}
16
animation
Trace Execution
new Faculty();
}
public Faculty() {
}
}

public Employee() {
}
}
}
8. Execute println
class Person {
public Person() {
}
}
17
animation
Trace Execution
new Faculty();
}
public Faculty() {
}
}
9. Execute println
public Employee() {
}
}
}
class Person {
public Person() {
}
}
18

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Computer Programming-2

✓ These classes have many common features.

✓ What is the best way to design these classes so to

✓ The answer is to use inheritance.

public A() { public A() {

public A(double d) { public A(double d) {

You must use the keyword super to call the

class Employee extends Person {

class Employee extends Person {

class Employee extends Person {

class Employee extends Person {

class Employee extends Person {

class Employee extends Person {

class Employee extends Person {

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