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Wigni I

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qarTuli xelnaweri wigni

xelnawerTa erovnuli centri


NATIONAL CENTRE OF MANUSCRIPTS

Tbilisi • 2010 • TBILISI


GEORGIAN qarTuli
MANUSCRIPT BOOK xelnaweri wigni
5th-19th centuries V-XIX ss.

ON-LINE ALBUM eleqtronuli albomi

Prepared by Maia Karanadze, Lela Shatirishvili, Nestan Chkhikvadze Seadgines maia karanaZem, lela SaTiriSvilma, nestan CxikvaZem,
with participation Tamar Abuladze Tamar abulaZis monawileobiT

Editor: Nestan Chkhikvadze nestan CxikvaZis redaqciiT


aRniSnuli proeqti ganxorcielda ssip qarTvelologiis, humanitarul winamdebare AalbomSi warmodgenilia xelnawerTa erovnuli centris
da socialur mecnierebaTa fondSi (rusTavelis fondi), amJamad fondebSi (A, H, S, Q) daculi V-XIX ss-is qarTuli xelnaweri wignebi
SoTa rusTavelis erovnul samecniero fondSi, mopovebuli grantis da ucxoeTis (sinis mTAa, ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqo) qarTuli
meSveobiT (granti N 016-08). winamdebare publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli koleqciebis is fotoaslebi, romelTa gamoyenebis uflebasac flobs
nebismieri azri ekuTvniT avtorebs da, SesaZloa, ar asaxavdes ssip xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. albomSi Sesuli adiSis oTxTavis mxatvruli
rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondis Sexedulebebs. asli Sesrulebulia avtorTa mier Sedgenili aRwerilobisa da miTiTebebis
safuZvelze. yvela es xelnaweri TvalnaTliv asaxavs wignis, rogorc
kulturul-istoriuli fenomenis, warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis istorias.
Current project was executed and accomplished by the financial support of
the Foundation of Georgian Studies, Humanitiess and Siocial Sciences (Rustaveli Aalbomi Sedgeba oTxi Tavisgan. masSi Tavmoyril masalas axlavs zogadi
foundation) at present Rustaveli National Science Foundation (Grant N 016-08). Sinaarsis sainformacio teqsti da saTanado fotonimuSebi anotaciebis
Any idea in this publication belongs to the author and may not represent TanxlebiT. alboms erTvis zogadi bibliografia.
the opinion of the Rustaveli National Science Foundation itself.
albomi gamiznulia qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis istoriiT
dainteresebuli mkiTxvelebisTvis.

An on-line album of Georgian manuscript book was created within the Grant project
“Georgian Manuscript Book (including website)” financed by Rustaveli research fund.
albomis dizaini N. Chkhikvadze (scientific research manager), M. Karanadze, L. Shatirishvili were
viola tuRuSi working on this project with participation of T. Abuladze.
fotoebi In the album there are represented 5th-19th cent. Georgian manuscript books preserved
mirian kilaZe in the fonds of National Centre of Manuscripts (A, H, S, Q) as well as some items
belonging to foreign funds and National Manuscript Centre has the legal right of using
photo copies of them.

Artistic copy of Adishi gospel is accomplished on the bases of authors’ descriptions and
albomSi gamoqveynebuli fotomasalisa da TiToeuli monakveTis raime formiT
instructions. All this manuscripts show the origin and the development of the book as
(eleqtronuli, beWduri) gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia mxolod saavtoro uflebis
mflobelis werilobiTi nebarTvis safuZvelze. a cultural-historical phenomenon.

Album consists of four chapters. Common informational texts and photos


with annotation come with every collected material, as well as main bibliography.
ISBN 978-9941-0-3093-2 This album will be helpful for readers who are interested in written culture.
© xelnawerTa erovnuli centri
© n. CxikvaZe, l. SaTiriSvili, m. karanaZe
qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis saTaveebi.
damwerlobis warmoSoba
qarTul xelnawerTa Seqmnisa da gadanacvlebis ruka (V-XVII ss.)

qarTuli xelnaweri tradicia 16-saukunovan isto-


rias iTvlis. misi uZvelesi nimuSebi V saukuniT TariRd-
eba. es adreuli furclebic ki savsebiT naTel warmod-
genas gviqmnian Tanadrouli epoqis inteleqtualuri
cxovrebis, mxatvruli azrovnebisa da materialuri kul-
turis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. qarTuli xelnaweri ar Seqm-
nila Caketil da msoflio civilizaciisagan mowyvetil
garemoSi. mis warmoSobasa da ganviTarebas, erTi mxriv,
xeli Seuwyo saqarTvelos kulturulma da politikur-
ma orientaciam da, meore mxriv, saxelmwifoebriobisa
da kulturuli identurobis dacvis aucileblobam. am
identurოbis erT-erT mniSvnelovan elements ki qarTu-
li damwerlobis warmoSoba Seadgenda.
rodis da ra viTarebaSi Seiqmna qarTuli damwer-
loba? am kiTxvis pasuxs mecniereba xangrZlivi drois
ganmavlobaSi eZebs. qarTuli anbanis Zirebs ukavSireben
finikiur, arameul, berZnul damwerlobebs. azrTa sxva­
dasxvaobas iwvevs misi warmoSobis droc. mkvlevarTa
nawili qarTul anbans preqristianuli epoqis movlenad
miiCnevs, xolo nawili – qristianobis Semdgom Camoya-
libebul sistemad. azrTa aseT sxvadasxvaobas xels uw­

qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 7


yobs antikuri xanis saqarTvelos Sesaxeb arsebuli ber- naTel magaliTs warmoadgens armazis xevSi aRmoCenili
Znuli wyaroebi (apolonios rodoseli, Zv. w. 295-215; ax. w. II s-iT daTariRebuli orenovani epitafia, romelic
svidas leqsikoni, X s.), romelTa Tanaxmad, jer kidev samecniero literaturaSi armazis bilingvis saxeliTaa
argonavtebis epoqis kolxeTSi arsebobda tyavze naweri cnobili. sayuradReboa erTi garemoeba: bilingvis ar-
wignebi. qarTveli mematiane leonti mroveli (XI s.) ki ameuli anbani Crdilo mesopotamiuri arameulis da-
qarTuli damwerlobis warmoSobas ukavSirebs qarTlis moukidebel Stos e. w. armazul damwerlobas warmoad-
mefe farnavazs (Zv. w. III s.): `ese farnavaz iyo pirveli gens. rogorc Cans, swored igi unda yofiliyo qarTlis
mefe qarTlsa Sina qarTlosisa naTesavTagani. aman ga- saxelmwifo-sakancelario enaca da anbanic. rac Seexeba
navrco ena¡ qarTuli da arRara iZraxeboda sxua¡ ena¡ ebrauls, igi qarTlSi kompaqturad dasaxlebuli ebrau-
qarTlsa Sina T¢nier qarTulisa da aman Seqmna mwigno- li eTnosis damwerlobas warmoadgenda.
broba¡¡ qarTuli~. magram qarTuli damwerlobis uZvele- am anbanuri sistemebis gamoyenebas arc literatu-
si nimuSebi, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, mxolod V sau- ruli da, Sesabamisad, arc xelnaweri tradicia ar war-
kunidan dasturdeba. maS, ra safuZveli hqonda mematianes mouSvia. Tumca armazuli damwerlobis arseboba ukve
werilobiTi kulturis dasawyisi CvenSi Zv.w. III saukuniT migvaniSnebs, rom qarTul saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv
daeTariRebina? am kiTxvas erTgvarad exmianeba saqarT- azrovnebas erTi biZgiRa sWirdeboda sakuTari anbanuri
velos teritoriaze mopovebuli arqeologiuri masala, sistemisa da samwerlobo-dokumenturi kulturis Camo-
romelzec dadasturebulia Zv. w. III – ax. w. III sauku- sayalibeblad. amgvari biZgi qristianoba iyo.
neebiT daTariRebuli berZnuli, arameuli da ebrauli qristianoba CvenSi aRmosavleTidan movida. isto-
warwerebi. es warwerebi gvxvdeba rogorc sakulto- riuli gadmocemis Tanaxmad, moZRvreba qarTvelTa So-
saritualo, aseve sayofacxovrebo nivTebze – samkaule- ris I sau­kuneSi gaavrceles svimeon kananelma da andria
bze, sabeWdavebze, Tixis, minisa da vercxlis WurWelze, pirvelwodebulma. unda vifiqroT, mociqulTa Semosvlam
saflavis qvebsa Tu stelebze. es faqtebi savsebiT bune- Tavdapirvelad Camoayaliba mxolod mcire qristianuli
briv movlenad unda miviCnioT, vinaidan saqarTvelos – Temi, romelic jer kidev ver gansazRvravda qveynis kul-
samxreT kavkasiis qveyanas uZvelesi mWidro kulturuli turulsa da inteleqtualur cxovrebas, magram, uTuod,
da savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebi hqonda rogorc amzadebda didi cvlilebis niadags. axali moZRvrebis
antikur saberZneTTan, aseve mcire da axlo aRmosav- SeTviseba axali codnis safuZvelic unda gamxdariyo.
leTis qveynebTan. am urTierTobaTa safuZvelze, garda Zlier warmarTul miTologiur zepir mexsierebas unda
materialuri kulturis nimuSebisa, CvenSi Semodioda am dapirispireboda wignieri, werilobiTi tradicia. albaT,
kulturuli sivrcisTvis damaxasiaTebeli codna da ga- amitomac iyo, rom adreulma qristianobam swored weri-
mocdileba. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom zogadad lobiT daafiqsira ieso qristes gankacebisa da amqveyn-
damwerlobaTa ganviTarebis istoriaSi xmelTaSuazRvis iur cxovrebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela istoria, yvela
auzis qveynebs gansakuTrebuli roli ekisrebaT, gasak- qristianul TemSi daculi Txroba, romelTagan zogierTi
viric ar iqneba, rom maTTan mWidrod dakavSirebul bibliis kanonikur kodeqsSi Sevida da zogi ki gaformda
saqarTvelosac adreve mieRo da gaeTvaliswinebina es rogorc bibliuri wignebis paralelurad arsebuli e. w.
gamocdileba, gamoeyenebina ukve arsebuli anbanuri sis- apokrifuli literatura, romelmac kargad asaxa pirvel
temebi. rogorc arqeologiuri masalidan Cans, Zv. w. III qristianTa religiuri warmodgenebi da amitomac dRes
– ax. w. III saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi berZnuli da ar- qristianobis istoriis kvlevaSi mas mniSvnelovani ad-
ameuli damwerlobebi paralelurad gamoiyeneboda; amis gili ukavia. bunebrivia, saqarTveloSi Camoyalibebuli

8 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 9


pirveli qristianuli Temic Seqmnida imgvar apokriful ukavSirdeba sityva `nusxas~, romelic qarTveli mwerli-
Txrobas, romelSic aisaxeboda qarTvelobis, rogorc sa da leqsikografis, sulxan-saba orbelianis, ganmarte-
erT-erTi adregaqristianebuli eris, sarwmunoebrivi biT, `Cqarad aRwerils~ niSnavs. da marTlac, Tu Tvals
da kulturuli identuroba axal msoflmxedvelobriv gavadevnebT X-XI ss-is mTavruliT gadaweril qarTul
samyarosTan. da marTlac, gadmocema jvarcmuli ieso xelnawerebs, SevniSnavT, Tu rogor yalibdeba calkeuli
qristes kvarTis saqarTveloSi Camotanisa da dacvis swrafad moxazuli asodan misi kuTxovani grafika.
Sesaxeb migviTiTebs swored pirveli qristianuli Temis xelnaweri tradiciis mixedviT, X-XI saukunidan ki am
istoriaze. es zepiri gadmocema qarTvelebma sakuTari ori anbanis paralelurad viTardeba mxedruli anu Ta-
moqcevisa da saxelmwifoebrivi istoriis qvakuTxedad namedrove qarTuli anbani. saxelwodeba mxedruli da-
miiCnies. werilobam imis safuZvelze miiRo, rom igi upiratesad
saerTod unda iTqvas, rom qristianobam didi roli gamoiyeneboda saero Sinaarsis ZeglebSi, maSasadame, ukve
Seasrula qarTvelTa istoriaSi. igi iqca maTi kultu­
ruli da inteleqtualuri cxovrebis, erTiani saxelmwi-
foebrivi azrovnebis sayrdenad. sveticxoveli
ieso qristes kvarTis gansasvenebeli; saqarTvelos mTavari
salocavi; sapatriarqo taZari; pirveli eklesia aigo IV s-Si
qarTuli anbani. 326 wels saqarTvelom aRiara
qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis, wm. ninos rCeviT; V s-is
qris­­tianoba, rogorc saxelmwifo religia. mas Semdgom
II naxevarSi pirveli eklesiis dangrevis Semdgom mefe
qar­Tulma kulturam uari Tqva misTvis ukve kargad cno­ vaxtang gorgasalma aago bazilika; 1010-1033 ww-Si kaTalikos
bili anbanuri sistemebis gamoyenebaze da Tavad Seqmna melqisedekis iniciativiT aigo jvargumbaTovani taZari.
sakuTari anbanuri damwerloba, romlis prototipadac
berZnuli anbani ivaraudeba.
qarTuli anbani erT-erTi srulyofili weriTi siste-
maa, vinaidan masSi grafikul simboloTa (asoTa) raode-
noba zustad Seesatyviseba qarTuli enis fonemuri er-
Teulebis (sametyvelo bgerebis) ricxvs. qarTulma anban-
ma, kerZod, misma grafikulma moxazulobam, ganviTarebis
sami safexuri ganvlo; mis uZveles saxeobas asoTmTavru-
li (igive mTavruli) anu mrgvlovani anbani warmoadgens.
am anbaniTaa Sesrulebuli V-IX saukunis epigrafikuli
da xelnaweri teqstebi.
X saukunidan mTavrulis paralelurad gvxvdeba ku-
Txovani anu nusxuri, igive xucuri daweriloba; nusxu-
riT gadaweril teqstebSi saTaurebi da sazedao asoebi
naweria mTavruliT, romelic erTgvar dekoratiul fun-
qciasac iTavsebda da gabmul teqstSi saaqcento monakve-
Tebis gamosayofad gamoiyeneboda. albaT, amitomac ewo-
da mrgvlovan anbans mTavruli. rac Seexaba saxelwodeba
nusxurs, romelic kuTxovani anbanisTvis ixmareba, igi

10 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 11


sasuliero xelnawerebi

saamSeneblo warwera
bolnisis sioni, 492/3-502 ww., samnaviani bazilikis tipis nage-
boba. samxreT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelo.

X saukuneSi ganviTarebulia qarTuli damwerlobis sami-


ve saxeoba. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTuli anbanis es
sami grafikuli forma warmoiqmna weris teqnikis ganvi- qarTuli xelnaweri tradicia sasuliero wignebis
Tarebis safuZvelze da ar warmoadgens qarTuli anbanis TargmniTa da gadaweriT iwyeba. igi fexdafex misde-
sistemuri cvlis Sedegs. vs qarTvelTa mier qristianuli kulturis SeTvisebis,
da bolos, Tu erTxel kidev gavixsenebT uZveles, axali codnis miRebisa da gamyarebis process. wignierma
V-VI ss-is mTavruliT Sesrulebul qarTul werilobiT qristianobam saqarTveloSi moitana rogorc samyaros
Zeglebs, naTeli gaxdeba qarTuli damwerlobis warmoSo- axaleburi xedva, miswrafeba misi sulieri wvdomisken,
aseve yoveldRiuri cxovrebis, materialuri yofis ra-
bis mTavari safuZveli. epigrafikuli Zeglebis parale-
dikaluri cvlilebebi; man bunebrivad gamoiwvia eris
RvTismSoblis miZinebis lurad arsebuli V-VIII ss-is palimfsesturi furclebi,
SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleblobebis gafarToveba.
taZris freskuli fragmenti. romlebzec dasturdeba rogorc bibliuri, aseve apokri-
qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis ganviTarebis ini-
uSguli. fuli da agiografiuli teqstebi, aSkarad migvaniSneben,
ciativa eklesiis wiaRidan iRebs saTaves. Tavisi arse-
rom qarTuli damwerloba imTaviTve Camoyalibda ara
bobis dasawyisSi ki qarTul eklesias metad rTuli wi-
rogorc sakancelario, aramed rogorc samwignobro an-
naaRmdegobis gadalaxvam mouwia, erTi mxriv, jer kidev
bani. uZvelesi qarTuli palimfsestebis, romlebic dRes SemorCenil warmarTul mexsierebasa da, meore mxriv,
daculia rogorc saqarTveloSi, xelnawerTa erovnul mazdeanur ideologiasTan dapirispirebaSi, romelic
centrsa (4000-mde furceli) da mestiis mxareTmcod- sparseTis politikuri zewolis Sedegad ikidebda fexs.
neobis muzeumSi, aseve oqsfordSi, kembrijSi, venis na- am winaaRmdegobaTa daZlevis erT-erT yvelaze Zlier
cionalur biblioTekaSi, asoTa grafikuli daxvewiloba, iaraRs ki swored werilobiTi kultura warmoadgenda.
naweri striqonebis proporciuli ganlagebisa da Sesru- amitomac Tavdapirvelad qarTuli xelnaweri tradi-
lebis manera, maTze daculi teqstebis repertuari sav- ciis yuradReba mimarTuli iyo iseTi literaturuli
sebiT araorazrovnad migviTiTebs, rom V-VI saukuneebSi Zeglebisken, romelTac safuZveli unda SeeqmnaT qris-
arsebobda ukve myari werilobiTi kultura. tianobis realuri istoriis Seswavlis, sarwmunoebrivi

12 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 13


dabadeba xanmeti oTxTavi
Zveli aRTqmis wignTa erT-erTi pirveli qarTuli Targmani. saxarebis uZvelesi xanmeturi redaqcia, daculia palimfsestis qveda fenaze.
Sesrulebulia xanmeturi – V-VI ss-is enobrivi normiT. warmoadgens teqsti dayofilia muxlebad; axlavs gankveTilobis niSnebi: wertili, ori
bibliis teqstis uZveles redaqcias. palimfsesti sxvadasxva drois wertili. zeda fenaze ikiTxeba iovane oqropiris `maTes Tavis Targmaneba~.
teqstebis nakrebia. zeda fenaze daculia fsalmuni.
VI-VII, XI ss.
V-VI, XIII-XIV ss. etrati, 439 f., zoma: 2,5×27,5 sm.
etrati, 99 f., gadakecili furc­lis zoma: 15,2×11,5 sm. A 89
H 999

moralis Semecnebisa da saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro pra- dan fsalmunma, dabadebam da winaswarmetyvelTa (iere-


qtikis, anu liturgiis ganviTarebisaTvis. mia, esaia, ezra) wignebma. maT paralelurad iTargmna
qristianobis gavrcelebisa da qarTuli xelnaweri da gadaiwera zogierTi adreuli apokrifi. mazdianur
tradiciis dasawyisSi qarTuli liturgia samrevlo- iranTan mwvave dapirispirebis pirobebSi ganviTarda
kaTedraluri xasiaTisa iyo da, Sesabamisad, saRvTis- originaluri agiografiuli mwerloba, gaCnda amave Jan-
msaxuro praqtika, upirvelesad, mowodebuli iyo mre- ris pirveli qarTuli Targmanebi. 476-482 wlebiT daTa-
vlis ganaTlebisa da RvTismsaxurebaSi misi wignieri riRebuli originaluri Txzulebis, `SuSanikis wamebis~,
CarTvisaken. amitomac qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi moRva- Tanaxmad, V s-is 70-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi ukve ar-
we xelnawerTa Semqmnelebis gansakuTrebuli yuradReba sebobda saxarebis, pavles epistoleebis, fsalmunisa da
miipyro bibliam, upirvelesad, axali aRTqmis wignebi- wminda mowameTa, anu agiografiuli wignebi.
dan – saxarebam da samociqulom, xilo Zveli aRTqmi-

14 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 15


saxareba erT-erTi pirveli bibliuri wignia, rome-
lic qarTvelebma qristianobis miRebisTanave Targmnes.
misi uZvelesi Targmanebi gvxvdeba V-VII ss-iT daTari-
Rebul palimfsestur fulrcelbze. es pirveli teqs-
tebi gadawerilia mTavruli anbaniT, maTSi dasturdeba
aRniSnuli epoqis enobrivi Tavisebureba – zmnis su-
bieqturi da obieqturi pirebisa da xarisxis forme-
bis `xan~ prefiqsiT warmoeba. Aamitomac aseT teqstebs
xanmet redaqciebs uwodeben. palimfsestur furclebze
gadawerili oTxTavebi jer kidev ar aris gaformebu-
li sazedao asoebiTa da sxva ornamentuli elemente-
biT. amgvar wignebSi xanmeti dekoris funqcias muxlis
dasawyisSi gamoyenebuli monumentuli sazedao asoebi
asrulebs. saxrebebis mxatvruli elementebiT Semkoba
mogvianebiT X-XI ss-dan daiwyo.
calkeuli Zeglebis Targmnis paralelurad Sedga
saRvTismsaxuro-liturgikuli daniSnulenis krebulebi:
leqcionari – samrevlo da samonastro msaxurebaSi
sxvadasxva dResaswaulisTvis dadgenili wesgangeba, ro-
melic moicavs Zveli da axali aRTqmis teqstebs. unda
aRiniSnos, rom am saxis krebulis uZvelesi VII saukunis
nimuSi, romelic Tavis droze sinas mTis wm. ekaterines
monastris wignsacavis sakuTreba iyo, amjerad danawe-
vrebuli saxiT inaxeba gracis universitetSi (avstria,
27 fueceli), birmingemsa (britaneTi, 2 furceli) da
safrangeTis nacionalur biblioTekaSi (parizi, 1 fur-
celi). es aris erTaderTi adreuli xelnaweri, romlis
ierusalimuri leqcionari
furclebic xelaxla ar gamouyenebiaT sawer masalad.
daculia palimfsestis qveda fenaze; asaxavs RvTismsaxurebis adreul, ierusalimur wess.
leqcionarma, rogorc liturgikulma krebulma, aqtiu- Sesrulebulia VIII s-is enobrivi – haemeturi normiT. am wignis berZnuli pirvelwyaro
ri pozicia X s-is dasasrulamde SeinarCuna, Tumca ki dakargulia. xelnawerma fragmentulad moaRwia. misi meore, Semavsebeli nawili daculia
SemorCenilia XI s-iT daTariRebuli erTi wignis frag- sxava (Q 333) xelnawerSi. zeda fenaze warmodgenilia gviandeli saRvTismsaxuro krebuli –
mentic. paraklitoni.
iadgari – mTeli wlis saRvTismsaxuro teqstebi,
VIII, XIII-XIV ss.
fsal­munisa da bibliis sxva wignebidan Sesabamisi saki- etrati, 51 f., zoma: 16×12,5 sm.
Txavis erTobliobiT. iadgarebi arsebobas inarCunebs H 1329
X s-is dasasrulamde. Semdgom epoqaSi isini saTaves
udeben sxvadasxva Sinaarsis saRvTismsaxuro krebule-
bs: Tvenebi, marxvani, paraklitonebi da a.S. iadgarebis
uZvelesi nimuSebi daculia sinis mTis wm. ekaterines
monastris wignsacavSi.

16 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 17


leqcionari
leqcionaris erT-erTi gviandeli nusxa,
gadawerili imgvar samonastro centrSi,
romelic XI saukuneSic inarCunebda
tradiciuli saRvTismsaxuro
wignebisadmi interess. Sesrulebulia
mTavruliTa da nusxuriT, muqi
yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi
gamoyofilia singuriT. moixsenieba
XI saukunis cnobili feodali liparit
baRvaSi.

1049 w.
etrati, 43 f., zoma: 30,5×22,8 sm.
gadamweri miqael inCuxi
Q 1376

18 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 19


tbeTis (svanuri) mravalTavi
samonastro daniSnulebis
krebuli. Seicavs
homiletikuri, agiografiuli,
egzegetikuri da apokrifuli
74 Txzulebis adreuli,
palestinuri teqstebis
Targmanebs. Mmomgeblebi
arian mamfali mtbevari
iovane da mama Teodore.
xelnaweris ZiriTadi nawili
Sesrulebulia mrgvlovaniT,
nusxuriT gadawerilia
1 Tavi. teqstis samkaulad
gamoyenebulia teqstis
melniTa da singuriT
Sesrulebuli sazedao asoebi;
calkeuli gverdebis aSiebze
mixatulia sxvadasxva figura.

X s.
etrati, 242 f., zoma: 38,5×30 sm.
Mmomgeblebi: mamfali mtbevari
iovane da mama Teodore.
gadaweris adgili: tao-
klarjeTi
A 19

parxlis mravalTavi.
mravalTavi – RvTismsaxurebis damxmare krebuli.
krebulis saxelwodebac warmodgeba xelnaweris damzadebis adgilis mixedviT. igi
aerTianebs saeklesio kalendarze gawyobil wm. mamaTa
qarTul xelnawer wignTa Soris gamorCeulia Tavisi sididiT. Sesrulebulia maRali
qadagebebs, agiografiul Txzulebebsa da apokrifebs.
xarisxis etratze, teqsti naweria lamazi, mkafio nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT. samkauli
bizantiur mwerlobaSi mravalTavis analogs warmoad- teqsts TiTqmis ara aqvs, sazedao asoebis umetesoba naweria yavisferi melniT,
gens panegirikoni. mravalTavebi adreuli krebulebia. singuriT – sakmaod cota. Seicavs naTargmn da originalur Txzulebebs. Aam xelnaweriT
maTi Sedgena ukavSirdeba calkeuli sauflo dResaswau- moaRwia Cvenamde `SuSanikis wamebisa~ da `abos wamebis~ teqstebma.
lis Camoyalibebis periods, razec mianiSnebs xelnawe-
X s.
ris aSiaze dResaswaulTa sagangebo aqcentirebisaTvis
etrati, 658 f., zoma: 45,5×33,5 sm.
darTuli miTiTebi. dRemde cnobilia IX-XI saukunis Ggadamweri: gabriel patarai
rogorc klarjul-palestinuri, aseve aTonuri warmo- gadaweris adgili: parxlis monasteri
mavlobis qarTuli mravalTavebi. A 95

20 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 21


red monastrebi warmoadgendnen mTavar skriptoriume-
bs, romelTa saqmianoba Tanamedrove qristianul samya-
rosTan mWidro kulturul-sarwmunoebrivi kontaqtebis
safuZvelze viTardeboda. qarTuli saxelmwifoca da,
bunebrivia, werilobiTi kulturac mudam gaxsnili iyo
mravalerovani qristianuli sivrcis inteleqtualuri
da kulturuli gamocdilebis misaRebad. amgvari kon-
taqtebi ki qarTul eklesias hqonda rogorc sakuTriv
saqarTveloSi Camosuli moRvaweebis, aseve uSualod
qarTveli ber-monazvnebis qristianobis wiaRTan – si-
ria, palestinasTan – mWidro urTierTobis wyalobiT,
rasac jer kidev V-VI ss-Si Caeyara safuZveli, rodesac
qarTvelma moweseebma mimarTes rogorc palestiniaSi
arsebul sabawmidis lavras, aseve Crd. siriaSi, antio-
qiis maxloblad mdebare svimeon mesvetis monasters.
gasakviri arc isaa, rom VI saukuneSi saqarTveloSi Sua­
mdinareTidan Semovidnen da damkvidrdnen asureli ma-
fsalmuni mebi (qarTuli tradicia maT camet asurel mamad moi-
cnobilia `mcxeTis daviTnis~ saxeliT. savaraudod, warmoadgens fsalmunis adreul, aleqsandriul xseniebs), romelTa gamocdilebam sagrZnoblad Seuwyo
redaqcias. gadawerilia asomTavruliT; ZiriTadi teqstis garda, wignSi Setanilia fsalmunTan xeli samonastro cxovrebis organizaciasa da xelnawe-
dakavSirebuli sxva Txzulebebi. xelnawers boloSi dekoris funqciiT darTuli aqvs savaraudod
ri tradiciis ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi, gansakuTre-
stilizebuli albanuri anbani (246r-v).
biT ki mis aRmosavleT regionebSi, sadac qarTuli xe-
X, XI ss. lnaweri tradicia, rogorc aRvniSneT, jer mazdeanuri
etrati, 261 f., zoma: 19,8×15,3 sm.
A 38

mravalTavebSi gaerTianebuli Txzulebebi ume-


tes SemTxvevaSi dReisaTvis daculia mxolod qarTul
Targmanebis saxiT. isini warmoadgenen adreqristianul
teqstebs, romelTac sagangebo mniSvneloba eniWebaT
qristianuli mwerlobis istoriis kvlevaSi. mravalTavi
arsebobas inarCunebs X-XI saukeneTa mijnamde. Semdeg
igi gardaiqmneba Sereuli saxis krebulad, romelsac ar
axlavs miTiTeba saeklesio kalendarze da warmoadgens
ara saRvTismsaxuro praqtikisaTvis gankuTvnil, aramed
samrevlo-samonastro ganaTlebisaTvis gankuTvnil saki-
Txav wigns.
qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi Casaxuli xelnaweri tra- Sio MmRvimeli, asureli mama
diciis ganviTareba, ra Tqma unda, mWidrod daukavSirda XVIII s-is miniatiura
CvenSi samonastro cxovrebis organizaciis faqts. swo- S 3269

22 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 23


daviT garejeli saeklesio-samonastro centrebSi. iq moRvawe qarTvel-
XVIII s-is miniatiura ma berma ioane-zosimem Seadgina umniSvnelovanesi en-
S 3269 ciklopediuri xasiaTis liturgikuli krebuli Sin. geo.
O.   34 da Targmna erT-erTi uZvelesi astrologiuri
traqtati – ezra winaswarmetyvelis `kalanda¡~. swored
iovane-zosimes mier Seqmnil xelnawerSi vxvdebiT erov-
nuli msoflmxedvelobis erT-erT qvakuTxedad cnobil
Txzulebas `qaba¡ da dideba¡ qarTulisa enisa¡~. dRes es

Wil-etratis iadgari
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs, upirvelesad, saweri
masalis TvalsazrisiT, vinaidan masSi erTdrouladaa
gamoyenebuli Wilisa (papirusis) da etratis furclebi.
teqsti asaxavs VII-VIII saukuneebis ierusalimur praqtikas; misi
berZnuli modeli dRes dakargulia. gadawerilia A kuTxovani
mrglovaniT, axlavs marginaluri niSnebi. erT-erT minawerSi
moixsenieba iovane, savaraudod, gadamweri.

X s.
etrati, papurusi, 313 f., zoma: 11,2×10 sm.
gadamweri: iovane
gadaweris adgili: sabawmidis monasteri
H 2123

iranisa da Semdgom ki muslim arabTa mZime zewolis pi-


robebSi viTardeboda.
aRniSnuli periodis qarTuli werilobiTi kultu-
ris ganviTarebaSi sagangebo roli daekisraT palesti-
nis kerebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki sabawmidis monasterSi,
moRvawe qarTvel ber-monazvnobas, romelic iq inten-
siur samwignobro saqmianobas eweoda X-is 70-80-ian wle-
­bamde.
sabawmiduri qarTuli xelnawerebi TviT am lavris
samwignobro tradiciis saukeTeso sabuTs warmoadgenen.
swored aq Seiqmna oTxTavis, samonastro wesgangebis,
anu tipikonisa da saRvTismsaxuro krebulebis sabaw-
miduri redaqciebi, romlebic gavrcelda saqarTvelos

24 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 25


xelnawerebi inaxeba sinis mTis wm. ekaterines monastris
sacavSi, vinaidan X s-is dasasrulidan, sabawmidaze mus-
lim arabTa momZlavrebis Semdgom, qarTulma koloniam
sinis mTaze gadainacvla da iq gaagrZela moRvaweoba.
wm. ekaterines monastris sacavSi 239 qarTuli xelna-
weri da fragmenti inaxeba. es erT-erTi uZvelesi da
umdidresi koleqciaa.
unda aRiniSnos isic, rom klarjuli da sinur-pales-
tinuri qarTuli xelnawerebi kargad asaxaven adreuli
xanis qristianul mwerlobasa da zogadad werilobiT
kulturaSi ara mxolod berZnuli, aramed qristianu-
li arabuli da siriuli kulturebis did rols. am pe-
riodis mwerloba Tavisufalia romelime konkretuli
centris diqtatisagan. igi Tanabrad iRebs da areklavs
qristianul arealSi gaerTianebuli tradiciuli kul-
turebis mxatvruli da simbolur-alegoriuli azrovne-
bis umniSvnelovanes tendenciebs.
VIII-X saukuneebSi garda sabawmidis lavrisa, qarTve-
lebi palestinaSi moRvaweoben xaritonis lavraSi, imave
palavraSi.
VIII s-dan saqarTvelos politikurma da kulturul­
ma centrma qveynis samxreT-dasavleTiT, istoriul
tao-klarjeTSi, gadainacvla. am periodidan qarTu-
li werilobiTi tradiciis udides kerad iqca swored
tao-klarjeTis samonastro centrebi, romelTac mWi-
dro kavSiri hqondaT sabawmidis lavrasTan. tao-klar-
jeTis samonastro kolonizaciis sulisCamdgmeli mama
`iovane oqropiris cxovreba~
grigoli xancTis monastris wesgangebis Sedgenisas sa-
giorgi aleqsandrieliseuli teqstis qarTuli Targmani,
bawmidur tipikonsac iTvaliswinebda. xelnaweri wignis
Sesrulebuli palestinaSi tao-klarjeTidan wasuli moRvaweebis mier.
repertuari gafarTovda. man moicva sasuliero mwer-
ganekuTvneba sagangebod gadaweril wigns. naweria kaligrafiuli
lobis yvela dargi. Tu adreuli xanis qarTul xelna- nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, saTauri – mTavruliTa da singuriT.
werebSi vxvdebiT Zveli aRTqmis calkeul wignebs, swo- rveulebrivi saTvalavisTvis gamoyenebuli qarTuli da berZnuli
red tao-klarjeTis erT-erT lavraSi, oSkSi, gadaiwera asoebi Savi da wiTeli melniTaa dekorirebuli. teqsts uZRvis ioane
moses xuTwigneulis qarTuli redaqciis sruli teqsti. oqropiris miniatiura.

himnografiul da agiografiul krebulebSi Targmnili


968 w.
Zeglebis paralelurad Tavi moiyara originalurma qar- etrati, 257 f., zoma: 15×12 sm.
Tulma mwerlobam. TandaTanobiT Sedga Sereuli tipis, gadamweri iovane safareli; momgebeli miqael fanaskerTeli
SemecnebiT-saganmanaTleblo xasiaTis krebulebi. Ca- gadaweris adgili xaritonis lavra
H 2124
moyalibda rogorc xelnaweris mxatvrul-dekoratiuli
gaformebis, aseve marginaluri da liturgikuli daniS-

26 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 27


nulebis niSanTa sistemebi. qarTuli xelnaweri wignis drnic rwmenis WeSmaritebiT utoldebian berZnebs; isini
iluminirebuli, anu moxatuli egzemplarebis arseboba Tanasworni arian, rogorc marTa da mariami. X sauku-
ganapiroba wignis Seqmnis materialuri, anu finansuri neSi, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, iqmneba qarTuli enis
SesaZleblobebis zrdam. swored tao-klarjeTSi Caeya- saxotbo nawarmoebi `qeba¡ da dideba¡ qarTulisa enisa¡~,
ra safuZveli samefo dinastiisa da didi feodaluri xolo X s-is 70-ian wlebSi xelnawer tradiciaSi ukve
saxlebis mzrunvelobas.
mwognobarTa materialuri uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi.
grigol xanZTelisaTvis didaznaur gabriel dafanCu-
lis mier naTqvami sityvebi - `aw Cuen Tana ars £orcie- Satberdis krebuli
li keTili da Tquen Tana ars sulieri keTili, da ese
sasuliero mwerlobis mniSvnelovan TzxulebaTa Semcveli saganmanaTleblo funqciis
SevzavneT urTierTas~ – Tavisi gamovlineba ara marto pirveli Sereuli krebuli, romelSic Sesulia qarTvelTa gaqristianebis istoria
saeklesio-samonastro mSeneblobis, aramed wignis Seqm- `moqceva¡ qarTlisa¡~. naweria mTavruliTa da nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi –
nis saqmeSic pova. IX-X ss-dan qarTuli xelnaweri wignis singuriT. ar axlavs samkaulebi. teqstis dasawyisis mimaniSnebeli ramdenime striqonis
xelovnebam ganviTarebis aRmavali gziT iwyo svla. bi- an zogjer naxevari gverdis gaswvriv CamogrZelebuli aso `qanis~ anu qanwilisa da

zantiur sivrceSi arsebuli mxatvruli motivebis aTvi- varskvlavis formis niSnebi.

sebisa da gadamuSavebis Sedegad daixvewa. X s.


teqstis sazedao dekorirebuli; gansakuTrebuli etrati, 286 f., zoma: 28×22 sm.
yuradReba daeTmo oTxTavebis moxatulobas. Seiqmna gadamwerebi: iovane-bera¡, ori anonimi
gadaweris adgili: Satberdi
feradovani, mravalfiguriani kompoziciis mdidruli
S 1141
miniatiurebiT Semkuli sagangebo – `sazeimo~ wignebi,
xolo samonastro daniSnulebis egzemplarebi Seimko
grigol xancTeli
dekorirebuli ornamentuli sawinamZRvre jvrebiT.
qarTuli eklesiis cnobili mama amave dros, aq, am wiaRSi safuZveli Caeyara qarTuli
tao-klarjeTis samonastro saeklesio-samonastro tradiciis konstantinepoluri
mSeneblobis iniciatori
wesisken orientacias. es procesi, ra Tqma unda, TviT
XVIII s-is miniatiura
S 3269
qarTuli saxelmwofos politikuri orientaciis Tanmde-
vi movlena iyo. VIII saukuneSi saqarTvelos samxreT-
dasavleTiT Camoyalibebulma tao-klarjeTis samefom
X s-is 80-ian wlebSi samefo-samTavroTa gaerTianebis
gziT safuZveli Cauyara erTian qarTul saxelmwifos.
saxelmwifoebriv erTianobas eklesiuri erTobis ganmt-
kicebac mohyva. xalifatis orsaukunovanma dapyrobiTma
politikam da muslimuri ideologiis Zlierma zewolam
gamokveTa qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis erovnuli
tendenciebi, gaRviveba daiwyo mesianisturma ideam.
VIII saukunis agiografiuli Txzulebis, `abos wamebis~,
avtori ioane sabanisZe qadagebs qarTlis, rogorc mus-
limuri samyarosagan qristianobis damcavi jebirisa da
wminda mowameTa mSobeli qveynis Sesaxeb, romlis mkvi-

28 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 29


miqael modrekilis iadgari
X s. sagangeboda Sedgenili adrebizantiuri xanis
himnografiuli krebuli, romelmac Semoinaxa X saukuneSi
qarTul enaze arsebuli yvela sagalobeli, rogorc
originaluri, aseve Targmnili. teqstSi, striqonebis zemoT da
qvemoT singuriT miwerilia Zveli sanoto niSnebi – nevmebi,
rac musikis istoriisTvis mniSvnelovani movlenaa. xelnaweri
gadawerilia klasikuri nusxuriT, sityvaTa Semoklebis,
anu daqaragmebis tradiciuli wesis gareSe, Savi melniTa
da singuriT; gaformebulia feradi sazedao asoebiTa da
sworxazovani ornamentirebuli TavsamkaulebiT.

978-988 ww.
etrati, 727 f., zoma: 26×21 sm.
gadamwerebi: miqael modrekili da ori anonimi
gadaweris adgili: Satberdi
S 425

Cndeba qarTvelTa gaqristianebis qronika: `moqceva¡ qa-


rTlisa¡~. paralelurad savsebiT naTeli xdeba Zlieri
qristiani mokavSiris arsebobis aucilebloba. aseTi
mokavSire ki bizantiis imperia iyo, romelmac, Tavis
mxriv, miaRwia aRmavlobasa da hegemonias aRmosavleTis
qristianul samyaroSi.
X s-is 80-iani wlebidan qarTuli kultura da mas-
Tan erTad xelnaweri tradiciac aRmavlobas ganicdis.
saRvTismsaxuro-samonastro daniSnulebis mwerlobis
paralelurad viTardeba sxvadasxva Janris rogorc
originaluri, aseve naTargmni literatura, kerZod,
sasuliero poezia, ganmartebiTi anu egzegetikuri Zeg­
lebi, dgeba saeklesio samarTlis wignebi, yalibdeba
dogmaturi literaturis gamaerTianebeli krebuli –
dogmatikoni. XII s-dan saqarTveloSi Zlierdeba samwig-
nobro-saganmanaTleblo centrebi – gelaTisa da iyal-
Tos akademiebi; iqmneba maTTan arsebuli wignsacavebi,
romlebSic Tavs iyris sxvadasxva samonastro centrSi
gadawerili xelnawerebi; farTovdeba xelnaweri wignis
SemecnebiTi funqcia; dgeba Sereuli saxis krebulebi,
romlebSic sasuliero mwerlobis Zeglebis paralelu-

30 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 31


sZlispirni da RvTismSoblisani parxlis oTxTavi
himnografiuli krebuli, romelSic mkveTradaa aRniSnuli samonastro daniSnulebis wigni. ar aris ilustrirebuli.
sadeklamacio-liturgikuli niSnebi, Tanamedrove gadawerilia SatberdSi da Sewirulia iovane naTlismcemlis
TvalsazrisiT, sanoto sistemis adreuli eqvivalenti. saxelze axalaSenebuli parxlis monastrisaTvis. teqsti
xelnawerebSi dadasturebuli amgvari niSnebi miuTiTebs gadawerilia mTavruliT, yavisferi melniT; sazedao asoebi da
X s-is saeklesio musikis ganviTarebis myar sistemaze. Nnaweria saTaurebi – singuriT. xelnawers uxvad moepoveba minawerebi,
nusxuriT, dasawyisi asoebi, saTaurebi, ZlispirTa garkveuli romelTa meSveobiTac iqmneba misi Semdgomi gadanacvlebis
jgufis saxelwodebebi – singuriT. naTeli suraTi. XVIII saukuneSi xelnaweri ganaaxla da nakluli
adgilebi qaRaldze gadawerili teqstiT Seavso qarTlis
EX s. mefe vaxtang VI-is qaliSvilis, anuka batoniSvilis vaJma,
etrati, 229 f., zoma: 17,2×11,3 sm.
mTavardiakvanma, nikoloz abaSiZem.
gadamweri: iordane
A 603 973 w.
Eetrati, qaRaldi. 260 f. (238 f. etrati, 22 f. qaRaldi),
zoma: 22,9×19,9 sm.
gadamweri: iovane bera, aRmdgeneli – nikoloz abaSiZe
gadaweris adgili: Satberdi
A 1453

32 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 33


jruWis I oTxTavi
wyarosTavis I oTxTavi
qarTuli oTxTavis uZvelesi redaqcia, erT-
taoklarjuli saliteraturo skolis erT-erTi
erTi pirveli klasikurad ilustrirebuli
gamorCeuli wigni. oTxTavis teqsti Zveli
xelnaweri. naweria mTavruliT, Savi melniT,
opizuri redaqciisaa. xelnaweri Semkulia
saTaurebi da sazedao asoebi singuriT.
kamariani kanonebiTa da miniatiurebiT,
maTesa da markozis saxarebaTa daboloebi,
romlebic Sesrulebulia e. w. xalxuri
romlebic miniatiurebian furclebze gadadis,
xelweriT. msgavs grafikul formas vxvdebiT
mxatvars daumTavrebia. am epoqis erTaderTi
svaneTSi dacul adreul xatebze. xelnaweris
xelnaweria, romelSic moxseniebulia mxatvari
gadamweria gabriel patara¡.
Tevdore kamaraTmwerali. xelnaweris
Semkulobas warmoadgens jvrebi, kamarebi, 8 X s-is miwuruli
kanoni da amdenive ilustracia. win uZRvis etrati, 216 f., zoma: 22×19 sm.
kvadrifoliumis moyvanilobis sawinamZRvre gadamweri: gabriel patara¡
jvari. TaRovan CarCoSi Casmuli RvTismSobeli dagaweris adgili: tao-klarjeTi
yrmiTurT, maxareblebisa da kurnebis scenebi. A 98

936-940 ww.
etrati, 297 f. zoma: 26×21 sm.
gadamweri gabrieli, momxatveli Tevdore,
momgebeli grigol mirdatis Ze
gadaweris adgili: Satberdi
H 1660

34 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 35


rad gaerTianebulia astrologiuri Sinaarsis Txzule- metoqeobis gancdam ganawyo qarTuli wignieri sazoga-
bebi. werilobiTi kultura saxelmwifo zrunvis sagnad doeba dainteresebuliyo da safuZvlianad aeTvisebina
iqca. bizantiuri kultura. axla ukve mTavari yuradreba mii-
xelaxla iTargmneba da berZnul dedans uaxlovde- pyro imperiis centrSi arsebulma samonastro centre-
ba sasuliero mwerlobis adre Targmnili Txzulebebi. bma. swored IXs-dan daiwyes aq moRvaweoba qarTvelebma
am periodSi gansakuTrebiT gamoikveTa qarTuli sasu- jer berZnul, xolo Semdgom sakuTriv qarTul monas-
liero mwerlobis erovnuli Sinaarsi; gaCnda berZnul trebSi.
samyarosTan erTgvari metoqeobis tendenciac, rac ga- Tavdapirvelad qarTvelTa yuradreba miipyro ulu­
napiroba konstantinepolis diqtatma qristianuli aR- m­bos anu olimpis mTam, romelzec IX saukunis 60-ian
mosavleTisa da maT Soris saqarTvelos mimarT. swored wlebSi daemkvidra cnobili qarTveli moRvawe ilario-

gelaTis biblia
uwodeben katenebian
bibliasac, radganac teqsts
axlavs katenebi anu Bbibliuri
teqstisBganmartebani.
Sesrulebulia mxedrulze
gardamavali nusxuriT, baci
yavisferi melniT. sawer
masalad gamoyenebulia
maRali xarisxis aRmosavluri
qaRaldi. xelnaweri,
savaraudod, gadawerilia
gelaTis monasterSi,
romelSic XII s-Si gaaqtiurda
saRvTismetyvelo saqmianoba
da daarsda gelaTis akademia.

XII s.
qaRaldi, 302 f.
zoma: 37×27,6 sm.
A 1108

36 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 37


ni. man sxva monazvnebic miizida da safuZveli Cauyara
qarTvelTa kolonizacias. olimpze qarTvelebi moRva-
weobdnen ramdenime savaneSi: RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi–
`quabsa sayofelsa qarTvelTasa~, lavra kraniaSi, `sayo-
felsa wmidaTa kozman-damianesaTa~.
ilarin qarTvelis mowafeebma imperator basilis
winadadebiT 876 wels konstantinepolis maxloblad,
bosforis srutis evropuli sanapiros centrSi daaar-
ses romanas (hromanas) monasteri. saqarTvelos samefo
karis, kerZod, Tamar mefisa da Semdgom erekle II-is sa-
gangebo zrunvis sagans warmoadgenda kunZul kviprosze
arsebuli Jaliis imave Raliis qarTuli monasteri.
980-983 wlebSi daarsda qarTuli werilibiTi kul-
turis istoriaSi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi samonas-
daviT IV aRmaSenebeli tro centri aTonis iverTa monasteri, romelSic Ca-
1089-1125 moyalibda gansakuTrebuli samwignobro-mTargmnelobi-
gelaTis freska Ti da kaligrafiuli skola. swored am skolam, misma
mesveurebma – eqvTime da giorgi aTonelebma da maT
irgvliv Sekrebilma mwignobar berTa jgufma – iovane
grZelisZem, arsen ninowmindelma, iovane xaxulelma da
sxvebma X-XI saukuneebSi warmarTes qarTuli sasuliero
Sereuli krebuli
mwerlobis farTo saganmanaTleblo-SemecnebiTi mimar-
pirveli TariRiani qaRaldze daculi xelnaweri wigni, romelic yuradRebas
Tuleba; maT Semoitanes da daamkvidres dasavluri-bi- ipyrobs Tavisi SedgenilobiT. saeklesio cxovrebisaTvis mniSvnelovani
zantiuri kulturis yvela mniSvnelovani monapovari da teqstebis paralelurad masSi CarTulia arabulidan Targmnili
amave dros SeinarCunes da ganaviTares qarTuli lite- astrologiuri Txzuleba, romelic ilustrirebulia. Lilustraciebi –
raturis erovnuli Sinaarsi. aTonelebis periodis qar- diskoSi Caxatuli mTvare fazebiTurT, varskvlavTa sidide-simciris
Tuli sasuliero xelnaweri gamoirCeva Janrobrivi mra- amsaxveli diagrama, zodiaqoTa gamosaxulebebi – darTulia teqstze ara
misi mxatvruli Semkobis mizniT, aramed astrologiuri codnisaTvis
valferovnebiT, saeklesio-samonastro cxovrebis axle-
saWiro TvalsaCinoebis Sesaqmnelad. zodiaqoebs ornamentis saxiT win uzis
buri reglamentaciiT, samecniero codnis damkvidrebis
mxatvruli gemovnebiT Sesrulebuli qufuri Srifti, xelnawerSi aseve
tendenciiT. ar darCenila sasuliero mwerlobis arc warmodgenilia jvarcmis kompozicia. wigni ekuTvnoda qarTlis mefe
erTi dargi, romelsac ar Sexeboda eqvTime da giorgi vaxtang VI-s.
aTonelebis xeli. maT saxelebs ukavSirdeba oTxTavis
1188-1210 ww.
axali, berZnulTan Sedarebis gziT Seqmnili redaqcie-
qaRaldi, 214 f., zoma: 23×30.5 sm.
bis Camoyalibeba, qarTuli eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro erTi nawilis gadamweri: esaia
cxovrebis ganaxlebis anu konstantinepolur wesze ga- A 65
dasvlis procesi. eqvTime aTonelis iniciativiT dgeba
enciklopediuri xasiaTis saganmanaTleblo krebulebi.
dRes aTonis ivironis wignsacavSi 86 qarTuli xelna-
weria daculi.

38 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 39


martvilis oTxTvi
martvilis oTxTavi, gadawerili WyondidSi (martvilSi). 1050 w.
etrati, 186 f., zoma: 23×19 sm.
damkveTi ivane farjaniani. xelnawers amkobs ornamentirebuli
gadamwerebi: ioane mesvete da arseni eSisZe.
sazedao asoebi da maTesa da markoz maxareblebis miniatiurebi.
gadaweris adgili: martvili
teqsti naweria yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi da mniSvnelovani
S 391
adgilebi – singuriT. hyavs ori gadamweri. mwared codvili
arseni eSisZe da ioane mesvete.

40 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 41


oTxTavi jruWis II oTxTavi
gadawerili kaligrafiuli mTavruliT, maRali xarisxis etratze, yavisferi melniT, cnobilia axali jruWis saxelwodebiT. XII-XIII ss-Si unda iyos rogorc mxatvruli stilis
sazedao asoebi singuriT. wigni Semkulia kamarebiT, feradovani sazedao asoebiTa da TaviseburebebiT, aseve miniatiurebis siuxviT qarTul ilustrirebul oTxTavTa Soris erT-erTi
TavsamkaulebiT. Bbolosamkaulad gamoyenebulia moxatuli jvari berZnuli warweriT. gamorCeuli wigni. 334 miniatiura da wignis dekoratiuli sistemis sxva elementebi originaluri
axlavs markozisa da lukas gamosaxulebebi. moxatuloba savaraudod Sesrulebulia qarTuli samxatvro tradiciis sawyisebze dgas. kompoziciebi warmodgenilia or an sam iarusad,
Savi mTis saliteraturo skolisTvis damaxasiaTebeli xelweriT. an darRveulia miniatiurebis CarCoTi SemosazRvruli sivrce da figurebi teqstSia SeWrili.
cnobilia xelnaweris momxatveli miqaeli, romelic imavdriulad wignis gadamweria.
1054 w.
Eetrati, 266 f. zoma: 14,59×11,4 sm. XII s.
Ggadamweri: miqaeli Eetrati, 278 f., zoma: 24,5×18,6 sm.
S 962 Ggadamweri da momxatveli: miqaeli
H-1667

42 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 43


jruWis II oTxTavi jruWis II oTxTavi

44 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 45


Mmaqsime aRmsarebeli, RvTismSoblis cxovreba `gamocxadeba wmidisa maxareblisa da RvTismetyvelisa iovanesi~,
RvTismSoblis cxovrebis amsaxveli yvelaze sruli Txzuleba, romlis berZnuli an sxvaenovani andria kesaria-kapadukielis Targmaneba¡
analogi cnobili ara aris. ukavSirdeba uZveles qristianul Zegls – iakobis pirvelsaxarebas. apokalipsis pirveli qarTuli Targmani. vinaidan axali aRTqmis es wigni yvelaze gvian Seitanes
MTxzuleba iTargmna aTonis mTis qarTul skriptoriumSi; mTargmnelia eqvTime MmTawmideli. saxarebaSi, qarTul tradiciaSi iTargmna X s-Si. Targmani Seasrula aTonis skolis damaarsebelma
gadawerilia etratze kaligrafiuli nusxuriT, saTaurebi da sazedao asoebi mTavruliT, eqvTime mTawmidelma. wigni imiTacaa saintereso, rom nusxuriT gadaweril xelnawerTa Soris
oqromelniT. Semkulia ornamentuli wnuliT, teqsts uZRvis lukasa da iovane maxareblebis igi yvelaze adreuli TariRiani krebulia. xelnaweris anderZSi daculia cnoba basili da
miniatiura. konstantine keisrebis winaaRmdeg barda skliarosis amboxebis Sesaxeb.

X-XI ss. 978 w.


eEtrati, 332 f., zoma: 16,5×11,4 sm. etrati, 210 f., zoma: 17,5×12,5 sm.
Ggadamweri: mowese benediqte gadamweri: saba kuti
gadaweris adgili: aTonis mTa gadaweris adgili: olimpi, lavra krania.
A 40 H 1346

46 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 47


mcire svinaqsari krebuli. 400 furcliani wignidan amJamad SemorCenilia
am krebulma safuZveli Cauyara qarTul eklesiaSi axali, 144 f. Semkulia 72 miniatiuriT, romlebzedac gamosaxulia
konstantinepoluri tipikonisa da kalendaruli sistemis SemoRebas, rogorc siuJetebi saxarebidan, aseve wmindanebi. wignis Seqmna
moZravi ciklis axali gegmisa da Sedgenilobis gansazRvras. mcire finansurad uzrunvelyo banas episkoposma zaqariam.
svinaqsarma warmoSva saRvTismsaxuro-himnografiuli krebulebis axali
1030 w.
saxeobebi – Tveni, marxvan-zatikni, paraklitoni. xelnaweri Sesrulebulia
etrati, 144 f., zoma: 27×21 sm.
etratze nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, sazedao asoebi da saTaurebi –
gadaweris adgili: konstantinepoli, xoras monasteri
singuriT. is aris yvelaze farTod ilustrirebuli saRvTismsaxuro
A 648

48 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 49


vanis oTxTavi
wignis xelovnebis gamorCeuli
nimuSi gansakuTrebul
Rirebulebas iZens, vinaidan
igi Seiqmna mefe TamarisTvis
misive dakveTiT. gaformebis
xarisxiTa da SesrulebiT
erT-erTi upirvelesTagania
`sazeimo~ xelnawerebs Soris.
Ggadawerilia maRali xarisxis
TeTr etratze, nusxuriT,
uxvadaa gamoiyenebuli
oqromelani. Semkulia
mdidruli kamarebiT,
TavsamkulebiT, saxarebaTa
Tavebis dasawyisSi
warmodgenilia oriarusiani
miniatiurebi. xelnaweris
Seqmnis organizatori da
gadamweria konstantinepolis
romanas monasterSi moRvawe
iovane, momxatveli –
bizantieli miqael koreseli.

XII-XIII ss.
etrati, 274 f.,
zoma: 29,1×21 sm.
gadamweri: iovane
mxatvari: miqael koreseli
gadaweris adgili: romanas
monasteri
A 1335

50 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 51


didi svinaqsari
mcire sjulis kanoni
saeklesio kalendarze gawyobili es saRvTismsaxuro wigni aerTianebs msoflio da qarTuli
eqvTime aTonelis Targmani, es aris saeklesio samarTlis pirveli qarTuli
eklesiebis wmindanTa mokle cxovrebebsa da wamebebs. Mmisi meSveobiT vecnobiT sofiawmidis,
Targmani, Sesrulebuli avtokefaluri qarTuli eklesiis aRmavlobis periodSi.
stodielTa savanisa da aTonis iverTa monastris liturgikul praqtikas. Ddidi svinaqsari
aerTianebs sxvadasxva kanonikuri xelnaweri wignis masalas, maT Soris
1036 wels berZnulidan Targmna da qarTuli masaliT Seavso giorgiM mTawmidelma. es
qarTulsac. gadawerilia cnobili kaligrafis, basilis, mier. wignis Seqmnis
xelnaweri dafinansebuli da gadawerilia Sav mTaze XI s-Si moRvawe cnobili kaligrafebis,
iniciatoria banas episkoposi zaqaria.
daviT da iovane jibisZeebis, mier. naweria nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi –

1031 w. asomTavruliTa da singuriT. Semkulia sworxazovani TavsamkaulebiTa da sazedao asoebiT.


etrati, 204 f., zoma: 19×15,5 sm.
X s.
gadamweri: basili
etrati, 452 f., zoma: 22×17 sm.
S 143
gadamwerebi da damfinansebelebi – iovane da daviT jibisZeebi
gadaweris adgili – Savi mTa, romanwminda
H 2211

52 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 53


sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs antioqiis maxlo-
blad Sav mTaze arsebul qarTvelTa samonastro kolo-
nizacia, romelic XI s-is 30-iani wlebidan intensiurad
amoqmedda.
qarTvelebi moRvaweobdnen svimeonwmindis, kalipo-
sis, kastanas, barlaamwmindis, romanas, lerwmisxevis,
ezrasa da TualTas monastrebSi. qarTvelTa samwigno-
bro saqmianobas warmarTavdnen XI s-is cnobili mTarg-
mnel redaqtorebi: giorgi aToneli, giorgi Seyenebuli,
giorgi mcire, efrem mcire, kaligrafebi: ioane da miqa-
el dvalebi. qarTvel mwignobrebs metad mWidro konta-
qti hqondaT adgilobriv berZnul-asurul-arabul wre-
ebTan. isini sargeblobdnen Teodore patriarqis mier
svimeonwmidaSi daarsebuli mdidari biblioTekiT. swo-
red Savi mTis qarTul xelnawerebSi Camoyalibda teqs-
tebis Teologiuri da samecniero komentirebis princi-
pebi. amave xelnawerebSi konstantinepoluri tradiciis
paralelurad aisaxa uZvelesi siriuli kulturis kva-
lic.
amave periodSi bizantiis karTan daaxlovebulma
taoelma didebulma grigol bakurianisZem bulgareT-
Si daaarsa qarTvelTa monasteri petriwoni seminarii-
TurT. aq ioane petriwis TaosnobiT Camoyalibda umniS-
vnelovanesi filosofiur-Teologiuri skola.
XI saukunidan qarTvelTa yuradReba kvlav miipyro
palestinam, romelSic axali ZaliT ifeTqa qarTulma
samonastro-samwignobro saqmianobam. am saqmianobis sa-
TaveSi idga qarTvelTa jvris monasteri da misi dama-
arsebeli giorgi proxore, romelic zrunavda axali xe-
lnaweri krebulebis Sedgena–gamravlebaze; swored misi
TaosnobiT Sedga palestinis gamoCenil moRvaweTa `cxo-
vrebebis~ krebuli, romelic palestinis paterikis saxe-
liTaa cnobili. DdRes es krebuli londonSi britaneTis
muzeumSia daculi, Addit 1181; jvris wignsacavi swrafad
ivseboda saqarTveloSi moRvawe mwignobarTa monawile-
alaverdis oTxTavi
obiTac, amave dros iq gadawerili xelnawerebi igzav-
neboda sxva qarTul samonastro centrebSi. monasteri
qarTuli samefo karisa da feodaluri aristokratiis
sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebda; saqarTveloSi Sei-
qmna jvris metoqi anu Tanamdgomi saeklesio centrebi,

54 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 55


alaverdis oTxTavi

56 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 57


alaverdis oTxTavi gvxvdeba macxovris tiloze aRbeWdili xelTuqmneli xatis, anu
klasikuri xanis qarTuli xelnaweri wignis erT-erTi gamorCeuli mandilionis gamosaxuleba. Ees sagangebo wigni bagrat IV-isadmi
egzemplari. Seqmnilia Savi mTis kaliposis lavraSi. ganekuTvneba im morCilebis niSnad 1054 wels saqarTveloSi Camoitana liparit
iSviaT oTxTavTa ricxvs, romlebsac erTviT macxovris xelTuqmneli baRvaSis Zem ivanem.
xatis Txroba – `avgarozis epistole~. wigni gadawerilia maRali
1054 w.
xarisxis etratze nusxuriTa da mTavruliT XI s-is cnobili
etrati, 330 f., zoma: 24×19 sm.
kaligrafebis mier. Semkulia ornamentuli sazedao asoebiT,
gadamwerebi: giorgi da ioane dvali
sawinamZRvre jvriT da kanonebiT, furclovan oqroze Sesrulebuli
gadaweris adgili: Savi mTis kaliposis RvTismSoblis lavra
cxra miniatiuriT. es aris erTaderTi qarTuli xelnaweri, romelSic A 484

58 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 59


grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebani marginaluri niSnebiTa da mxatvruli kompoziciebiT. XVIII s-Si
filosofiur-Teologiuri krebuli. Seicavs 19 teqsts. qarTuli ekuTvnoda erekle II-is SviliSvils, daviT batoniSvils.
Targmani ekuTvnis efrem mcires. Ees aris komentirebuli
XII s.
xelnaweris erT-erTi saukeTeso ilustrirebuli egzemplari.
qaRaldi, 280 f., zoma: 42,5×31 sm.
gadawerilia qaRaldze, nusxuriT, yavisferi melaniT, saTaurebi da
gadamweri da gadaweris adgili ucnobia.
dasawyisebi – singuriT, Semkulia ornamentuli sazedao asoebiT,
A 109

60 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 61


grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebani grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebani

62 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 63


gelaTis oTxTavi

64 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 65


gelaTis oTxTavi
XII saukunis wignis xelovnebis unikaluri nimuSi, sazeimo oTxTavi; gadawerilia
sagangebod damuSavebul etratze nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, singuriTa da
oqromelniT. gamoirCeva rogorc mxatvruli SesrulebiT, aseve SedgenilobiT.
saxarebis teqsts erTvis sadeklamacio-liturgukul niSanTa ganmartebebi
berZnul da qarTul enebze da `avgarozis epistole~. Semkulia svetovani
kamarebiT, 254 miniatiuriT, natifi oqromelniT Sesrulebuli sazedao asoebiT.
TiToeuli miniatiuris fonad furclovani oqroa gamoyenebuli. TiToeul Tavs
uZRvis maxareblebis portretebi. saxarebis oTxive Tavis saTauri Casmulia
xaliCiseburi ornamentiT Semkul CarCoSi. saxareba giorgi mTawmideliseuli
Targmanis Semcveli pirveli nimuSia.

XII s.
etrati, III, 293 f., zoma: 26×18,8 sm.
Q 908

66 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 67


wyarosTavis II saxareba biWvinTis oTxTavi
xelnaweri wigni gadawerilia Tamar mefis zeobis dros. naweria etratze klasikuri xelnaweri Seiqmna XII s-Si, dasavleT saqarTveloSi, mogvianebiT ganekuTvna
nusxuriT, yavisferi melniTa da singuriT. mis Semkulobas warmoadgens maxarebelTa biWvinTis RmrTismSoblis eklesias. Ggadawerilia etratze, nusxuriT. saxarebis
4 portreti. ioane safareli-mtbevari episkoposis dakveTiT wigni gadauweria or pirs. teqsti naweria yavisferi melniT, xolo asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli saTaurebi –
wignis ydis ostatia beqa opizari. oqromelniTa da singuriT. xelnawerSi SemorCenili wm. Mmaxareblebis – markozisa
da lukas– ori miniatiura. wignis moxatuloba metyvelebs qarTuli miniatiuruli
1195 w. mxatvrobis TviTmyofad xasiaTze.
etrati, 277 f., zoma: 25×18 sm.
gadamwerebi: ioane fukaralisZe, giorgi seTa¡sZe. XII s.
Q 907 Eetrati, 230 f., zoma: 31×23 sm.
Gadaweris adgili: dasavleTi saqarTvelo
H 2120

68 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 69


romlebic Ffinansurad uzrunvelyofdnen sazRvargareT
arsebul qarTul monasters. qarTvelebi moRvaweobd-
nen aseve golgoTa – uflis saflavi – aRdgomis, ka-
ppaTas, derTufas, dertavis dedaTa, geTsamaniis, Ra-
lias, basilis, Teodores, nikolozis, samoelis, Sehanis
monastreb­Si.
dRes cnobilia ierusalimuri qarTuli koleqsiis
161 xelnaweri.
paralelurad qarTuli xelnaweri wigni iqmneba sa-
qarTveloSi arsebul eklesia-monastrebSi. samwignobro
saqmianobam moicva rogorc saqarTvelos didi samo-
nastro centrebi, aseve calkeuli eklesia-monastrebi.
Mmdidrulad moxatuli da SinaarsiT mravalferovani
wignis floba rogorc sasuliero, aseve saero wodebis
Rirsebad iqca.
XIII-XVI ss-is qarTuli xelnaweri mihyveba ganviTare-
bis tradiciul gzas, romlis dacvac am periodis weri-
lobiT kulturas iseve, rogorc qarTul saxelmwifos,
monRolebis, osmaleTisa da iranis politukuri zewo-
lis pirobebSi uwevs.
XVII-XVIII ss-idan gafarTovda qarTvelTa kulturu-
li urTierTobis wre. qarTulma werilobiTma kulturam
yuradReba mimarTa evropuli codnisa da gamocdilebi-
saken, rasac xels uwyobda am epoqis politikuri ur-
TierTobebi. erTi mxriv, kaTolike misionerebis gamoCe-
na saqarTveloSi da, meore mxriv, ruseTTan politiku-
ri kavSiris damyarebis mcdelobas bunebrivad mohyva am
oTxTavi
sivrceebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli samwignobro gamocdi-
ierusalimSi, geTsemaniis monasterSi (eklesiaSi) gadawerili samonastro
lebis Semosvla CvenSi. gadaiwera kaTolikuri Sinaarsis
daniSnulebis wigni. naweria etratze nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi da
wignebi, rusulidan iTargmna sasuliero mwerlobisa da dasawyisebi – singuriT; xelnaweris bolo nawili palimfsestia. gadamweria mwiri
saeklesio istoriis laTinur samyaroSi gavrcelebuli miqaeli, warmoSobiT mcxeTeli, romelmac aRniSnuli samuSao Seasrula stefane
Zeglebi, daarsda pirveli stamba. qarTuli xelnaweri xucesis, palavrelis, SekveTiT.; wigns erTvis XII s-Si mxedruliT jvarosnebis –
wignis Sedgenisa da gaformebis tradiciam Tavdapir- tamplierTa ordenis wevrebis mosaxsenebeli warwerebi.

velad nabeWd wignSi gadainacvla. beWduri produqciis


1048 w.
momZlavrebam ki erTgvarad Seaviwrova qarTuli xelna- etrati; 243 f., zoma: 22×16,5 sm.
weris gavrcelebis areali, romelic piradi sakuTrebis gadamweri: miqaeli
mcire formis wignebiT SemoisazRvra. gadaweris adgili ierusalimi, geTsemania
H 1741
met-naklebi intensivobiT qarTulma xelnawerma
wign­ma XX s-is dasawyisamde SeinarCuna arseboba.

70 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 71


ioane sineli, klemaqsi arSiebze uamravi sqolioa, romelTa striqonebis ganlageba figurebs qmnis. wignis
`klemaqsis~ anu `saTnoebaTa kibis~ eqvTime mTawmideliseuli Targmani, gaformebaSi Tavs iCens xalxuri nakadi. teqsti dawerilia nusxurad, Savi da
gadawerili XII-XIII ss-Si ori kaligrafis mier: erTis vinaoba ucnobia, meorea yavisferi melniT, sazedao asoebi – teqstis melniT an singuriT.
nikra¡s. Mmisi naweri gamoirCeva teqstis sadeklamacio niSnebisa da mxatvruli
XII-XIII ss.
ornamentebis mravalferovnebiT: sityvebs Soris dasmulia gankveTilobis
qaRaldi, 223 f., zoma: 36,5×29 sm.
niSnebi, mZimeebi, striqonebs zemoT da qvemoT – talRovani xazebi. sazedao
Ggadamwerebi: ucnobi da nikra¡
asoebi SeWrilia teqstSi, Semkulia foTlovani ornamentiT, zogSi adamianTa
H 1669
saxeebia Caxatuli, zogSi ki mTeli sityvaa Cawerili. teqstis farTo

72 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 73


oTxTavi varZiis oTxTavi
klasikuri periodidan gviandeli tradiciisaken gardamavali periodis xelnaweri wignis maRali xarisxis TeTr etratze Sesrulebuli xelnaweri wigni yuradRebas iqcevs mdidruli,
saintereso nimuSi. Ggadaweris konkretuli adgili ucnobia, magram wigni Seqmnilia natifi originaluri morTulobiTa da klasikuri kaligrafiuli nusxuriT, saTaurebi – singuriTa
saqarTveloSi erT-erTi feodaluri ojaxis – glonisTavisZeebis dakveTiT. wignis mxatvrul- da mTavruliT. sazedao asoebi da teqstis mniSvnelovani adgilebi naweria oqromelniTa da
dekoratiuli sistema Seqmnilia klasikuri xanis qarTuli wignis nimuSebis mibaZviT, Tumca feradebiT. maxareblebis gamosaxulebani teqstian furclebzea Sesrulebuli da mcire adgils
gansxvavebuli ferTa palitriT, konkretulad, mWaxe wiTeli saRebavis gamoyenebiT. ikavebs. miniatiurebi Semkulia originaluri ornamentebiT. varZiis oTxTavi sazeimo xasiaTis
xelnaweria, romelic savaraudod Tamar mefes ekuTvnoda. XVI saukunemde wigni varZiaSi inaxeboda,
XII-XIII ss. sparselebis mier varZiis Zarcvis Semdgom igi gamousyidia leon kaxTa mefis vaJs da kvlav
etrati, 316 f., zoma: 23,6×18 sm.
varZiisaTvis Seuwiravs. wigns hqonia vercxlis yda RvTismSoblis minanqriani xatiT, romelic
gadamweri: iakobi
SemouZarcvavT.
A 516

XII-XIII ss.
etrati, 289 f., zoma: 23×18 sm.
Q 899

74 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 75


oTxTavi oTxTavi
XIII s-Si gadawerili da moxatuli wigni. erT-erTi im mcirericxovan saxarebaTagani, XIII s-is erT-erTi saukeTeso kaligrafiuli nimuSia da Sesrulebuli unda iyos sagangebod
romelTac axlavs `avgarozis epistolis~ teqsti gvianbizantiuri xanis elinofiluri didgvarovani feodaluri wris warmomadenlisTvis. naweria nusxuriT, saTaurebi – wiTel
tradiciis Targmani, sadeklamacio-liturgikuli niSnebis TanxlebiTurT. oTxTavi fonze oqromelniT. oTxTavis Semkulobas warmoadgens ornamentuli morTulobis calkeuli
moxatulia. yoveli Tavis dasawyiss amSvenebs maxareblebis gamosaxulebani oqros elementebi, kamarebi, sazedao asoebi, oqromelniT Sesrulebuli miniatiurebi markozisa da lukas
fonze, romelTac sacavad gakeTebuli aqvs qsovilis safari. teqsti Semkulia gamosaxulebebiT, xarebis, Sobis, ierusalimSi Sesvlis kompoziciebiT.
saucxood gaformebuli TavsamkauliTa da sazedao asoebiT. Mmxatvari maTe (3r)
mtkiced inarCunebs individualuri, TviTmyofadi qarTuli wignis xelovnebisaTvis XIII s.
etrati, 268 f., 23,5×17,5 sm.
damaxasiaTebel erovnul tradiciebs. mogvianebiT wigni ganuaxlebia da cxaotis Tavis
gadamweri: nikoloz katarawisZe
RmrTismSoblisaTvis Seuwiravs qsnis erisTavis meuRles, rodams (3r).
A 26

XIII s.
etrati, 190 f., zoma: 25,5×20 sm.
A 496

76 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 77


moqvis oTxTavi
wigni warmoadgens qarTul
oTxTavTa Soris erT-erT bolo
ilustrirebul wigns, romelSic
gamovlenilia qristianuli xelovnebis
paleologosuri xanis (1261-1361 ww.)
bizantiuri xatwerisa da
winarenesansuli evropuli mxatvrobis
elementebi. sazeimo xasiaTis
es wigni gadawerilia dasavleT
saqarTveloSi – afxazeTSi, moqvis
monasterSi. misi damkveTia moqvis
eparqiis mTavarepiskoposi danieli.
gadamweri da mxatvari efremi. naweria
etratze mxsvili nusxuriT, yavisferi
melniT. warmodgenilia 10 kamara,
152 siuJeturi miniatiura, romelTa
Soris interess iwvevs Cviledi
RvTismSoblis winaSe vedrebis pozaSi
mdgomi moqveli mTavarepiskoposi
danieli. xelnawerSi ikiTxeba 531
sazedao aso.

1300 w.
etrati, 329 f., zoma: 30×23,5 sm.
gadamweri da momxatveli: efremi
damkveTi: moqvis eparqiis
mTavarepiskoposi danieli
gadaweris adgili: moqvi
Q 902

asli

78 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 79


ioane oqropiris Jamiswirva,
XIII-XIV ss. gragnili, Semdgari
sami erTmaneTze gadakerebuli
etratis furclis, anu
kefisagan. naweria nusxuriT,
yavisferi melniT. saTauri
feradi saRebavebiT, lamazad
moxatuli sazedao asoebi
mTavruliT. adgilebi
gacxovelebulia Savi melniT.
xelnaweris gadamweri yofila
gabrieli, romelsac nusxuriT
Seusrulebia teqsti. gragnili
naweria orive mxareze.
ioane oqropiris Jamiswirva,
anu kondaki daxveulia xis
joxze, anu kondakze. teqstis
dasawyisSi moTavsebulia ioane
oqropiris gamosaxuleba,
romelic Casmulia wnuli
ornamentiT Semkul CarCoSi.

XIII-XIV ss.
etrati, 3 kefi,
zomebi: 64,5×20,8 sm.; 74×20,8 sm.;
70,5×21,1 sm.
gadamweri: gabrieli
A 922.

kurTxevani
krebulSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva tipis locvebi, maT Soris bevria samkurnalo Sinaarsisa.
Zvel qarTul krebulTa Soris aRniSnuli wigni unda mivakuTvnoT e. w. gardamavali tipis
krebuls, romelic farTo sociumisaTvis moiazreba. gadamweri da gadaweris adgili ucnobia,
magram, savaraudod, Zalze Zveli dednis asls warmoadgens. teqstebi uaxlovdeba klarjul
Targmanebs. naweria aRmosavlur qaRaldze. teqsti dawerilia nusxuriT, saTaurebi da sazedao
asoebi – singuriT. xelnawerSi uxvadaa feradebiT Sesrulebuli Tavbolokazmulobebi,
adamianis, frinvelTa, cxovelTa da yvavilovan-mcenareuli gamosaxulebebi, mxatvrulad
gaformebuli sazedao asoebi da vardulebi.

XIV-XV ss.
F118 f., aqedan qaRaldi – 116 f., etrati – 2 f.; zoma: 24,5×20,5 sm.
A 1110

80 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 81


largvisis zatiki, XV s.
zatiki liturgikuli wignia da aRdgomis periodis sagaloblebs
niSnavs. naweria nusxuriT, saTaurebi singuriT. moxatulia
TavsamkauliT, sazedao asoebiTa da miniatiurebiT, romlebzec
gamosaxulia scenebi sauflo dResaswaulebidan.

EXV s.
etrati, f. 175, 25,6×20,2 sm.
gadamweri: barnaba, damkveTi: Salva erisTavi
A 25

82 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 83


fsalmuni
gadawerilia samcxeSi aTabagTa feodaluri saxlis Taosanis – yvaryvaresa da misi vaJis
– mzeWabuk II-is sagangebo dakveTiT. momcro zomis xelnaweri saojaxo biblioTekisTvisaa
Seqmnili. naweria etratze nusxuriT, sazedao asoebisaTvis gamoyenebulia asomTavruli,
gaformebulia oqromelniT. Mfsalmunebs win uZRvis feradebiT Sesrulebuli miniatiura daviT
winaswarmetyvelisa, romelic qnarze ukravs, xolo teqstis dasawyiss amkobs Tavsamkauli
originaluri ornamentiT.

A1494 w.
etrati, 168 f., zoma: 9,8×7,6 sm.
gadaweris adgili: samcxe, samxreTi saqarTvelo
A 351

fsalmuni
mdidrulad gaformebuli es xelnaweri wigni sagangebod maRali aristokratuli ojaxisaTvis
unda yofiliyo dakveTili. Seicavs giorgi mTawmideliseul redaqciis teqsts. uZRvis daviT
winaswarmetyvelis gamosaxuleba, darTuli aqvs teqstze adreuli maRalmxatvruli miniatiurebi.
suraTebi, romlebic ufro adreulia, vidre teqsti. gadamweris mxedrulad Sesrulebuli
anderZiT irkveva, rom xelnaweri daukveTavs zilixan batoniSvils.

XVII s.
qaRaldi, 236 f., zoma: 25×17,5 sm.
H 1665

84 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 85


fsalmuni XVI s.

wigni gadaiwera dasavleT saqarTveloSi, sof. RvaraSi TeTrosanis qaRaldi, 144 f., 23×17,5 sm.
gadamweri: germanozi
saxelwodebiT cnobil eklesiaSi qaixosro gurielisa da misi
gadaweris adgili: Rvaras TeTrosnis eklesia
dedis, dedofal aTabagis qal Tamaris dakveTiTa da finansuri
H 75
uzruvelyofiT. Ggadawerilia aRmosavlur qaRaldze nusxuriT.
Semkulia 55 teqstze adreuli miniatiuriT.

86 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 87


biblia samoTxis kari
wigni, romelsac `mcxeTur xelnawers~ uwodeben, bibliis yvelaze srulyofili qarTuli sulxan-saba orbelianis `samoTxis kari~ kiTxva-migebiT dawerili moZRvrebaa. igi avtograful
xelnaweria. Zegli naTlad metyvelebs XVII-XVIII ss. mijnaze qarTvelTa mniSvnelovan codnasa da nusxas warmoadgens da 1701 wliT TariRdeba. am xelnawerSi, romelic avtoris ubis wignaki unda
gamocdilebaze bibliologiisa Tu samecniero-filologiuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb. biblia naweria yofiliyo misive xeliT Setanilia sxva masala, romelic Seicavs locvebs, RvTismsaxurebasTan
qaRaldze Savi melniT, nusxuriT. gairCeva ramdenime xeli. saTaurebi Sesrulebulia mTavruliT, dakavSirebul sakiTxavebs. wigni naweria qaRaldze mxedruliT. teqsti adgil-adgil avtoris mier
zogjer wiTeli melniT. redaqtirebulia mxedruliT da axlavs amave xeliT Sesrulebuli unda iyos nasworebi, rasac mowmobs qaRaldis viwro naWrebi, romlebic wignakSia Cakruli.
saZieblebi, romlebic ekuTvnis redaqtors, sulxan-saba orbelians. xelnawerSi CarTulia vaxtang
VI-is stambaSi dabeWdili teqsti `winaswarmetyvelTa wignebi~. 1701 w.
qaRaldi, 90 f., zoma: 20,8×11 sm.
XVII-XVIII ss. gadamweri: sulxan-saba orbeliani
qaRaldi, 668 f., zoma: 21×29,5 sm. A 303
gadamwerebi: sulxan-saba orbeliani, lazare
A 51

88 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 89


qarTuli saero xelnawerebi

Sua saukuneebis qarTul saero xelnawerebSi war­


mo­dge­nilia Janrobrivad da Sinaarsobrivad mraval­fe­
rovani mwerlobis nimuSebi, mxatvruli da samecniero
Sina­arsis Txzulebebi. es xelnawerebi TavianTi Sedge­
ni­lobiTa Tu mxatvruli gaformebiT imdroindeli sa­
zo­gadoebis sulieri interesebisa da moTxovnebis Se-
sabamisad iqmneboda da asaxavda axloaRmosavleTis
saerTo kulturuli arealis ZiriTad tendenciebsa da
mimarTulebebs. misi mxatvruli saxe da Seqmnis teqnika
emyareboda Zveli qarTuli xelnaweri wignis tradiciebs,
romlebic sasuliero wreebSi, qarTul da ucxour skrip-
toriumebSi yalibdeboda.
Ggulani
qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis saero xelnawerebis
SedgenilobiT originaluri qarTuli krebulia, romelSic Tavmoyrilia saRvTismsaxuro yvela saxis Camoyalibeba damoukidebeli da Zlieri feodalu-
wigni: saxareba, saqme mociqulTa, pavleni, Tveni, Jamni, daviTni, marxvani, zatiki, svinaqsari.
ri monarqiis, politikurad da ekonomikurad mowinave
eklesiaSi is ikiTxeboda mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi. Ees gulani daukveTavs kaTalikos nikoloz
qar­Tuli saxelmwifosa da brwyinvale samefo karis ar­
amilaxvriSvils 1681 wels. Nnaweria qaRaldze nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT. sazedao asoebi da
saTaurebi mTavruliTa da singuriT. xelnaweri moxatulia, teqstsa da xelnaweris kideebze sebobis pirobebSi daiwyo. Semdgom ki, erTiani saqar­
uxvad gvxvdeba wmindanTa gamosaxulebebi, aseve scenebi sauflo dResaswaulebidan. F Tvelos daSlisa da politikuri Znelbedobis Jams, qar­
Tuli samonastro kerebis Sesustebis periodSi, swo­red
1681 w.
saero xelnawerma itvirTa wignis SemecnebiTi arealis
qaRaldi, 345 f., zoma: 35×24 sm.
gadamwerebi: miqaeli, saba, abeli gafarTovebisa da progresuli codnis Semotana-ga-
A 30 vrcelebis funqcia. Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom

90 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 91

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