BS en Iso 14555 - 2017

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
BSI Standards Publication
Welding — Arc stud welding of metallic materials

BS EN ISO 14555:2017 BRITISH STANDARD
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 14555:2017.
It is identical to ISO 14555:2017. It supersedes BS EN ISO 14555:2014,
which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee WEE/36, Qualification o f welding personnel and
welding procedures.
A list o f organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
o f a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2017
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017
ISBN 978 0 580 93031 7
ICS 25.160.10
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority o f the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2017.
Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 14555

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2017
ICS 25.160.10 Supersedes EN ISO 14555:2014
English Version
Welding - Arc stud welding of metallic materials (ISO

14555:2017)
Soudage - Soudage à l'arc des goujons sur les Schweißen - Lichtbogenbolzenschweißen von
matériaux métalliques (ISO 14555:2017) metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO 14555:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 March 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I TÉ E URO P É E N D E N O RM ALI S ATI O N
E U RO P ÄI S C H E S KO M I T E E F Ü R N O RM U N G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14555:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
EN ISO 14555:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 14555:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding
and allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied
processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2017 and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 14555:2014.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14555:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14555:2017 without any modification.
2
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

4.1 Symbols ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4. 2 Ab b revi ate d te rm s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 Technical review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 Welding personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.1 S tu d - we l d i n g o p e rato rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.2 We l d i n g co o rd i n ati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7.1 P ro d u cti o n e qu i p m e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7.2 D e s cri p ti o n o f th e e q u i p m e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7.3 M ai n te n an ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8 Production planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9 Welding procedure specification (WPS) ...................................................................................................................................... 7

9.1 G e n e ral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9.2 I n fo rm ati o n re l ate d to th e m an u factu re r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9.2.1 Identification o f the manu facturer ................................................................................................................... 7
9.2.2 Identification o f the WPS .......................................................................................................................................... 7
9.2.3 Re ference to the welding procedure qualification record (WPQR) or other

re l e van t d o cu m e n ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9.3 I n fo rm ati o n re l ate d to th e p are n t m ate ri al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9.3.1 Parent material type ........................................................................................................................................... .......... 7
9.3 .2 D imens io ns .................................................. ................... ................................ ...................................................................... 7
9.4 We l d i n g p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9.5 J o i n t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9.5 .1 J o i n t d e s i gn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9.5 .2 We l d i n g p o s i ti o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9.5 .3 P re p arati o n o f p are n t m ate ri al s u rface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9.5.4 Jigs and fixtures ................................................................................................................................................................. 8
9.5 .5 S u p p o rt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9.6 S tu d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9 .6.1 D e s i gn ati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9 .6.2 H an d l i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9.7 Au xi l i ari e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9.7.1 Ceramic ferrules (i f any) .......................................................................................................................................... . 8
9.7.2 Protective gas (i f any) ........................................................................................................................................... ....... 8
9.8 Po we r s o u rce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9.9 Movable fixtures .................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
9.9.1 We l d i n g gu n /l i ft m e ch an i s m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9.9.2 Shielding gas system (i f used) .............................................................................................................................. 9
9.9.3 Stud feeding system (i f any) ................................................................................................................................... 9
9.1 0 We l d i n g vari ab l e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9.1 0.1 D rawn - arc s tu d we l d i n g wi th ce ram i c fe rru l e o r s h i e l d i n g gas an d s h o rt-
cycle drawn-arc stud welding ............................................................................................................................... 9
9.1 0.2 C ap aci to r d i s ch arge d rawn - arc s tu d we l d i n g o r cap aci to r d i s ch arge s tu d
we l d i n g wi th ti p i gn i ti o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9.1 1 T h e rm al co n d i ti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
© I S O 2 0 1 7 – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d iii
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
9.1 2 Po s t- we l d h e at- tre atm e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
9.1 3 N o n - th e rm al tre atm e n t afte r we l d i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
1 0 We l d i n g p ro c e d u re q u a l i fi c a ti o n ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
1 0.1 P ri n ci p l e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
1 0.2 We l d i n g p ro ce d u re te s ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
1 0.2 .1 Ap p l i cati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
10.2.2 Proo f o f con formity o f parent materials and stud materials .................................................. 10
1 0.2 .3 S h ap e an d d i m e n s i o n s o f te s t p i e ce s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
1 0.2 .4 We l d i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
1 0.2 .5 S co p e o f exam i n ati o n an d te s ti n g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
1 0.2 .6 Acce p tan ce cri te ri a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
1 0.2 .7 Re - te s ti n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
10.2.8 Range o f qualification ............................................................................................................................................... 12
1 0.3 P re - p ro d u cti o n te s ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
1 0.3 .1 P re - p ro d u cti o n te s t fo r wo rks h o p ap p l i cati o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
1 0.3 .2 P re - p ro d u cti o n te s t fo r s tu d we l d i n g o n s i te (fo r th ro u gh - d e ck s tu d we l d i n g) . . . . . 1 4
1 0.4 P revi o u s exp e ri e n ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
10.5 Welding procedure qualification record (WPQR) .................................................................................................. 15
11 Examination and testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5

1 1 .1 G e n e ral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
1 1 .2 Vi s u al exam i n ati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
1 1 .3 B e n d te s ti n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6
1 1 .4 Te n s i l e te s ti n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9
1 1 .5 To rqu e te s t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
1 1 .6 M acro exam i n ati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
1 1 .7 Rad i o grap h i c exam i n ati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
1 1 .8 Ri n g te s t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3
12 Acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3
1 2 .1 G e n e ral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3
1 2 .2 Acce p tan ce cri te ri a fo r vi s u al exam i n ati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3
1 2 .3 Acce p tan ce cri te ri a fo r b e n d te s ti n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3
1 2 .4 Acce p tan ce cri te ri a fo r te n s i l e te s ti n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
1 2 .5 Acce p tan ce cri te ri a fo r to rqu e te s ti n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
1 2 .6 Acce p tan ce cri te ri a fo r m acro exam i n ati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
1 2 .7 Acce p tan ce cri te ri a fo r rad i o grap h i c exam i n ati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
1 2 .8 Acce p tan ce cri te ri a fo r ri n g te s ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
1 2 .9 Acce p tan ce cri te ri a fo r ad d i ti o n al te s ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
13 Workmanship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
14 Process control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
1 4. 1 G e n e ral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
1 4. 2 P ro d u cti o n te s t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
1 4. 2 . 1 G e n e ral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
1 4. 2 . 2 P ro d u cti o n te s t fo r d rawn - arc s tu d we l d i n g wi th ce ram i c fe rru l e o r
shielding gas and short-cycle drawn-arc stud welding ............................................................... 26
1 4. 2 . 3 P ro d u cti o n te s t fo r cap aci to r d i s ch arge s tu d we l d i n g wi th ti p i gn i ti o n an d
c ap aci to r d i s c h arge d rawn - arc s tu d we l d i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6
14.3 Simplified production test .......................................................................................................................................................... 26
14.4 Re-testing for production test or simplified production test ....................................................................... 26
1 4. 5 P ro d u cti o n s u rve i l l an ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
1 4. 5 . 1 Vi s u al exam i n ati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
1 4. 5 . 2 C h e cki n g th e we l d i n g p aram e te rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
1 4. 5 . 3 O th e r exam i n ati o n s an d te s ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
1 4. 5 . 4 P ro d u cti o n s u rve i l l an ce fo r d rawn - arc s tu d we l d i n g wi th ce ram i c fe rru l e
with qualification according to 1 0 . 3 . 2 ........................................................................................................ 2 7
1 4. 6 P ro d u cti o n s u rve i l l an ce re co rd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
1 4. 7 N o n - co n fo rm an ce an d co rre ctive acti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
iv © I S O 2 0 1 7 – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
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1 4. 8 C al i b rati o n o f th e m e as u ri n g an d te s ti n g e qu i p m e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8
Annex A (i n fo rm ative ) Processing of stud welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
Annex B (n o rm ative ) Quality requirements for stud welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Annex C (i n fo rm ative ) M a n u f a c tu r e r ’ s we l d i n g p r o c e d u r e s p e c i fi c a ti o n ( W P S )
................................................ 49
Annex D (i n fo rm ative ) We l d i n g p r o c e d u r e q u a l i fi c a ti o n r e c o rd f o r m ( W P Q R ) ( f o r d raw n -
a r c s tu d we l d i n g wi th c e ra m i c f e r r u l e o r s h i e l d i n g ga s a n d s h o r t- c yc l e d raw n - a rc
stud welding) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 0
Annex E (i n fo rm ative ) We l d i n g p r o c e d u r e q u a l i fi c a ti o n r e c o rd f o r m ( W P Q R) ( f o r c a p a c i to r
d i s c h a r g e s tu d we l d i n g w i th ti p i g n i ti o n a n d c a p a c i to r d i s c h a r g e d rawn - a rc
stud welding) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4
Annex F (i n fo rm ative ) Te s t re s u l ts — P r o d u c ti o n te s t ( f o r d r awn - a rc s tu d we l d i n g w i th
c e ra m i c f e r r u l e o r s h i e l d i n g ga s a n d s h o r t- c yc l e d rawn - a rc s tu d we l d i n g ) ........................................ 58
Annex G (i n fo rm ative ) Test results — Production test (for capacitor discharge stud welding
wi th ti p i g n i ti o n a n d c a p a c i to r d i s c h a r g e d raw n - a r c s tu d we l d i n g ) ........................................................... 61
Annex H (i n fo rm ative ) Example of production surveillance record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
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Foreword
I S O (the I nte r n atio n a l O rga n i z ati o n fo r S ta n d a rd i z ati o n) i s a wo rl d w i de fe de rati o n o f n atio n a l s t a nd a rd s
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
c o m m i t te e has b e en e s tab l i s he d has the r i ght to be re p re s e n te d on th at c o m m i t te e . I n te r n ati o n a l
o r ga n i z atio n s , go ve r n me n ta l a nd no n- go ve r n m e nt a l , in liaison w i th I SO, also t a ke p art in the wo rk.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f
e l e c tro te c h n ic a l s t a nd a rd i z atio n .
T he p ro c e du re s used to de ve l o p th i s do c u me n t a nd tho s e i n te nde d fo r i ts fu r the r m a i n te n a nc e a re
de s c r ib e d i n the I S O/ I E C D i re c ti ve s , Part 1 . I n p a r ti c u l a r the d i ffe re n t ap p ro va l c r i te r i a ne e de d fo r the
di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted. This document was dra fted in accordance with the
e d i to r i a l r u l e s o f the I S O/ I E C D i re c ti ve s , P a r t 2 (s e e w w w. i s o . o r g/d i re c ti ve s) .
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights. Details o f
any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or
o n the I S O l i s t o f p ate nt de c l a ratio n s re c e i ve d (s e e w w w. i s o . o r g/ p ate n ts) .
Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not
c o n s ti tu te a n e ndo r s e me n t.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature o f standards, the meaning o f ISO specific terms and
expressions related to con formity assessment, as well as in formation about ISO’s adherence to the
Wo rl d Trade O r ga n i z atio n ( W T O) p r i nc ip l e s i n the Te c h n i c a l B a r r ie r s to Trade ( T B T ) s e e the fo l l o w i n g
U R L : w w w. i s o . o r g/ i s o/fo re wo rd . htm l .
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes ,
S ub c o m m i t te e S C 1 0 , Quality management in the field o f welding .
This fo u r th e d i tio n c a nc e l s a nd re p l ac e s the th i rd e d i tio n (I S O 145 5 5 : 2 0 14) , o f wh ic h it c o n s ti tu te s a
m i no r re v i s io n a nd c o n ta i n s the fo l l o w i n g c h a n ge s :
— u nd ate d re fe re nc e s to I S O 147 3 2 , I S O 1 3 9 1 8 a nd I S O 1 5 6 0 7;
— the e x p re s s io n “we l d i n g d i a m e te r ” h a s b e e n c h a n ge d to “we l de d c ro s s - s e c tio n” i n 3 . 6 ;
— the word “de formability” has been changed to “de formation” in the last sentence o f 12 . 3;
— the s e c o nd a n d th i rd p a ra g rap h s o f 1 2 . 4 h ave b e e n c o m b i ne d ;
— the e x p re s s io n “we l d i n g d i a m e te r ” h a s b e e n c h a n ge d to “v i s i b l e w i d th o f the we l d i n g z o ne ” i n 1 2 . 6 ;
— the ap p e a ra nc e “C o l l a r o ff- c e n tre w i th u n ac c e p tab l e u n de rc u t” is no w g i ve n u nde r “ Vi s u a l
e x a m i n ati o n o r m ac ro c u t” i n Tab l e A . 5 ;
— the missing symbol “≤” in A n ne x D has been introduced for application ≤100 °C.
Requests for o fficial interpretations o f any aspect o f this document should be directed to the Secretariat
o f ISO/TC 44/SC 10 via your national standards body. A complete listing o f these bodies can be found at
w w w. i s o . o rg .
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Introduction
T he p u r p o s e o f a rc s tud we l d i n g i s to we l d p re do m i n a n tl y p i n- s h ap e d me t a l p a r ts to me ta l wo rkp ie c e s .
In th i s do c u m e nt, it is re fe r re d to s i mp l y as s tud we l d i n g. A mo n g o the r th i n gs , s tud we l d i n g is used
in b r i d ge b u i ld i ng (e s p e c i a l l y in c o mp o s i te s tr uc tu re s) , s te e l s tr uc tu re s , s h ip b u i l d i n g , fac ade -
wa l l fab r i c atio n , ve h i c l e m a nu fac tu re , ap p a ratu s e n g i ne e r i n g , s te a m- b o i l e r c o n s tr uc ti o n , a nd the
m a nu fac tu re o f ho u s e ho l d ap p l i a nc e s .
T he qu a l i t y o f a s tud we l d de p e nd s no t only on s tr ic t c o mp l i a nc e w i th the we l d i n g p ro c e du re
s p e c i fi c ati o n but a l s o on the c o r re c t fu nc tio n o f the ac tu ati n g me c h a n i s m (e . g. we l d i n g g u n s) , a nd on
the c o n d i tio n o f the c o mp o ne nt s , o f the ac c e s s o r ie s a nd o f the p o we r s up p l y.
T his do c u m e nt do e s no t i nva l id ate fo r me r s p e c i fic atio n s , p ro v id i n g the te c h n i c a l re qu i re me n ts a re
e qu i va l e n t a n d s ati s fie d .
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Welding — Arc stud welding of metallic materials
1 Scope
This document covers arc stud welding o f metallic materials subject to static and fatigue loading. It
specifies requirements that are particular to stud welding, in relation to welding knowledge, quality
requirements, welding procedure specification, welding procedure qualification, qualification testing
o f o p e rato r s a nd te s ti n g o f p ro duc tio n we l d s .
This document is appropriate where it is necessary to demonstrate the capability o f a manu facturer to
produce welded construction o f a specified quality.
NOTE General quality requirements for fusion welding o f metallic materials are given in ISO 3834-1,
I S O 3 8 3 4 -2 , I S O 3 8 3 4 - 3 , I S O 3 8 3 4 - 4 a n d I S O 3 8 3 4 - 5 .
T his do c u me n t has b e en p re p a re d in a c o mp re he n s i ve m a n ne r, w i th a view to it b ei ng used as a
re ference in contracts. The requirements contained within it can be adopted in full, or partially, i f
c e r ta i n re qu i re me n ts a re no t re l e va n t to a p a r tic u l a r c o n s tr uc ti o n (s e e A n ne x B ) . Fo r p ro c e s s i n g o f s tud
we l d i n g , s e e A n ne x A .
2 Normative references
The following documents are re ferred to in the text in such a way that some or all o f their content
constitutes requirements o f this document. For dated re ferences, only the edition cited applies. For
undated re ferences, the latest edition o f the re ferenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Quality requirements for fusion welding ofmetallic materials — Part 1: Criteria for the selection
I S O 3 8 3 4 -1 ,
of the appropriate level of quality requirements

Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Comprehensive quality
requirements
I S O 3 8 3 4 -2 ,
Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 3: Standard quality
requirements
ISO 3 8 3 4 -3 ,
Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 4: Elementary quality
requirements
ISO 3 8 3 4 - 4,
I SO 4063 , Welding and allied processes — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
I S O 6 9 47, Welding and allied processes — Welding positions
I S O 9 6 0 6 -1 , Qualification testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels
I S O 9 6 0 6 -2 , Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys
I SO 1 3 918 , Welding — Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding
I S O 1417 5 , Welding consumables — Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied processes
I S O 147 3 1 , Welding coordination — Tasks and responsibilities
Welding personnel — Qualification testing o fwelding operators and weld setters for mechanized
I S O 147 3 2 ,
and automatic welding of metallic materials

I S O 1 5 6 0 7, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — General rules
I S O/ T R 1 5 6 0 8 , Welding — Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system
© I S O 2 0 1 7 – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d 1
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ISO Specification and qualification o f welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification
1 5 61 1 ,
based on previous welding experience

ISO Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification
1 5 61 3 ,
based on pre-production welding test

I S O 176 3 6 (a l l p a r ts) , Non-destructive testing o f welds — Radiographic testing
I S O/ T R 2 5 9 0 1- 3 , Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 3: Welding processes
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes o f this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3834-1, ISO 4063, ISO 14731,
ISO 14732, ISO 15607 and ISO/TR 25901-3 and the following apply.
I S O a n d I E C m a i n ta i n te r m i no l o g i c a l d at ab a s e s fo r u s e i n s t a n d a rd i z atio n at the fo l l o w i n g add re s s e s :
— I S O O n l i ne b ro ws i n g p l atfo r m : ava i l ab l e at ht tp : // w w w. i s o . o r g/o b p
— I E C E l e c tro p e d i a : ava i l ab l e at h t tp : // w w w. e l e c tro p e d i a . o r g/
3 .1
stud
fastener to be attached by stud welding
3.2
auxiliaries
c e ra m i c fe r r u l e s a nd s h ie l d i n g ga s e s
3.3
stud-welding operator
o p e r ati n g p e r s o n ne l fo r s t ud- we l d i n g e qu ip me n t
Note 1 to entry: In special cases (e.g. mass production at the manu facturer’s factory), the welding can be carried
out by suitable auxiliary personnel, appropriately trained and supervised.
3 .4
stud diameter
d
stud (3 . 1) no m i n a l d i a me te r
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 13918.
3.5
welding diameter
d w
d i a me te r at the we l d b a s e
3 .6
weld zone
we l de d a re a u n de r ne ath the we l de d c ro s s - s e c ti o n
3 .7
current intensity
root-mean-square (RMS) value o f the welding current in the steady state during the burning time
o f the a rc
Note 1 to entry: Current intensity is not applicable to capacitor discharge.
3.8
welding time
time di fference between the ignition and the final extinction o f the main arc
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3 .9
lift
L
d i s t a nc e b e t we e n the s tud tip a nd the wo rk p ie c e s u r fac e w i th the s tud- l i fti n g me c h a n i s m in p o s i ti o n
a nd ac ti vate d
N o te 1 to e n tr y: Fo r ti p i g n i ti o n , th i s d e fi n i ti o n ap p l i e s to the i g n i ti o n gap .
N o te 2 to e n tr y: S e e Fi g u re A .1 .
3 .10
plunge
a x i a l mo ve me n t o f the stud (3 . 1) to wa rd s the s u r fac e o f the wo rk p ie c e
3 .11
protrusion
P
< u n re g u l ate d l i fti n g m e c h a n i s m> d i s ta nc e b e t we e n the tip o f the stud (3 . 1) a nd the fac e o f the s up p o r t
de v ic e i n the i r i n i ti a l p o s i ti o n s , whe re the s up p o r t de v ic e fac e s the wo rk p ie c e
N o te 1 to e n tr y: A s p r i n g- l o ade d l i fti n g me c h a n i s m i s a n u n r e g u l ate d l i fti n g me ch a n i s m .
N o te 2 to e n tr y: S e e Fi g u re A .1 .
3 .1 2
arc blow
m a g ne tic de fl e c tio n o f the a rc fro m the a x i a l d i re c tio n o f the stud (3 .1)
3 .13
f l u x
a l u m i n iu m add i ti ve on the we l d e n d o f the stud (3 .1) , wh i c h i mp ro ve s the i g n i tio n a nd de - o x i d i z e s the
we l d p o o l
3 .14
d u a l - m a t e r i a l s t u d
t wo - m ate r i a l stud (3 .1) c o mp o s e d of a m ate r i a l at the we l d tip , s imilar to th at o f the p a re nt m ate r i a l ,
a n d a d i s s i m i l a r m ate r i a l o u t s ide the we l d tip , wh i c h a re j o i ne d b y a fr ic tio n we l d , thu s avo id i n g a m i xe d
s tr uc tu re i n the weld zon e (3 . 6 ) whe n s tud we l d i n g
3 .15
structure subj ected to fatigue loading
s tr uc tu re s ub j e c t to a s e t o f typic a l l o ad e ve nt s de s c r i b e d b y the p o s i tio n s o r mo ve me nt s o f l o ad s , the i r
va r i ati o n i n i nte n s i t y a n d the i r fre que nc y a nd s e que nc e o f o c c u r re nc e
3 .16
t h r o u g h - d e c k s t u d - we l d i n g
ap p l ic atio n whe re s he a r c o n ne c to r s a re we l de d to a s te e l s tr uc tu re th ro u gh th i n s te e l s he e t w i th a
th i c kne s s o f l e s s th a n 3 m m
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
Fo r the p u r p o s e s o f th i s do c u me nt, the fo l l o w i n g s y mb o l s ap p l y.
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C c ap ac i ta nc e (e x p re s s e d i n m F )
d s tud d i a me te r (e x p re s s e d i n m m)
d w
we l d i n g d i a me te r (e x p re s s e d i n m m)
h l e n g th o f the th re ade d p a r t o f the nu t
I current intensity (expressed in A)

L l i ft
P p ro tr u s io n
t th ic kne s s o f p l ate
tw
we l d i n g ti me (e x p re s s e d i n m s o r s)
T to rque (e x p re s s e d i n N m)
U c h a r g i n g vo l t a ge (e x p re s s e d i n V )
E charging energy (expressed in Ws)

α bending angle (expressed in °)
4.2 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes o f this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
CF c e ra m i c fe r r u l e
H AZ he at- a ffe c te d z o ne
NP no p ro te c tio n
PA flat welding position

PC ho r i z o n ta l we l d i n g p o s i ti o n
PE o ve rhe ad we l d i n g p o s i tio n
pW P S preliminary welding procedure specification

SG s h i e l d i n g ga s
WP S welding procedure specification

WPQR welding procedure qualification record
5 Technical review
When a technical review is required by an application standard, by specification or by use o f ISO 3834-2,
I S O 3 8 3 4 - 3 o r I S O 3 8 3 4 - 4 , the m a nu fac tu re r s h a l l c he c k, a s ap p ro p r i ate , the fo l l o w i n g a s p e c ts :
a) the accessibility and welding position o f the stud weld;

b) the nature o f the sur face and the collar shape o f the welded joint;
c) m ate r i a l s a n d c o m b i n ati o n s o f m ate r i a l s (s e e Tab l e s A . 3 a nd A . 4) ; i nc l ud i n g de c ki n g m ate r i a l whe re
the th ro u gh- de c k te c h n ique i s b e i n g p ro p o s e d;
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d) the ratio o f s tud d i a me te r to p a re n t m ate r i a l th ic kne s s (avo i d a nc e o f d a m a ge o n the re ve r s e s i de o f
the p a re n t m ate r i a l ) ;
e) dimensions and details o f the weld preparation and o f the finished weld, including the nature o f
the stud and parent-metal sur faces, positional and angular accuracy and the length tolerance o f the
we l de d s tud;
f) the u s e o f s p e c i a l te c h n ique s to avo id d a m a ge to the re ve r s e s ide o f the p a re nt m ate r i a l ;
g) te c h n ique s to a s s u re the a n g u l a r p o s i tio n o f the we l de d s tud .
NO TE C o n s i de r ati o n i s p a i d to th e mu l ti - a x i a l s tr e s s s ta te a r i s i n g fr o m l o c a l i z e d h e a ti n g/c o o l i n g. T h i s s tr e s s
c o n c e n tr ati o n r e du c e s th e fa ti g u e s tr e n g th o f a c o mp o n e n t w i th we l de d s tu d s .
6 Welding personnel
6 . 1 S tu d - we l d i n g o p e ra to r s
The qualification can be done by a welding procedure test (see 10 . 2 ) o r a p re - p ro duc tio n te s t (s e e 1 0 . 3 )
and shall include testing in accordance with the acceptance criteria specified in C l au s e 1 2 , i f re l e va n t.
Stud-welding operators shall have appropriate knowledge to operate the equipment, to adjust it
properly, to carry out the welding correctly and, while doing so, to pay attention to good contact and
s u i tab l e c o n ne c tio n b e t we e n the wo rk p ie c e c ab l e s a nd u n i fo r m d i s tr i b u tio n o f fe r ro m a g ne ti c m ate r i a l s
(s e e Tab l e A . 8 ) .
The welding personnel shall be qualified in accordance with ISO 14732.

The qualified operator shall be deemed to be qualified for any stud-welding equipment with the same
mode o f selecting the parameters which was used in the qualification test. Change in the welding
process variant (numbers 783, 784, 785, 786 o f ISO 4063) requires a new qualification.
A test o f job knowledge is required for all qualification methods. This test shall cover, as a minimum:
a) setting up the welding equipment in accordance with the welding procedure specification;
b) basic knowledge o f the way in which suitable connection o f work piece cables, the polarity o f the
stud, and arc blowing can influence the weld result (see Tab l e A . 8 ) ;
c) basic assessment o f the welded joint for imper fections (see Tab l e s A . 5 , A . 6 a nd A . 7 ) ;
d) s a fe e xe c u tio n o f the we l d i n g o p eratio n s , i . e . go o d c o n tac t o f the s tud i n the s tud ho l de r, no mo ve ment
du r i n g the we l d i n g p ro c e s s , o p eratio n c he c ki n g a nd c o r re c t p o s i tio n i n g o f the we l d i n g g u n) .
6.2 Welding coordination
We l d i n g c o o rd i n ati o n shall be p e r fo r me d in ac c o rd a nc e w i th ISO 147 3 1 . Re fe r to A n ne x B for quality

l e ve l ac c o rd i n g I S O 3 8 3 4 -2 , I S O 3 8 3 4 - 3 a n d I S O 3 8 3 4 - 4 fo r the we l d i n g c o o rd i n ato r.
We l d i n g c o o rd i n atio n p e r s o n ne l fo r s tud we l d i n g s h a l l h ave kno wl e d ge o f a n d e x p e r ie nc e i n the re l e va n t
s tud- we l d i n g p ro c e s s , a nd shall be ab l e to s ele c t a nd set the c o r re c t p a ra me te r s , e . g. l i ft, p ro tr u s i o n
(plunge), current intensity, and welding time.

A welding coordinator is not required for stud welding to structures subjected to unspecified static
l o ad i n g (s e e A n ne x B ) .
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7 Equipment
7.1 Production equipment
Suitable stud-welding equipment shall be used, with power supplies o f su fficient capacity to weld the
stud properly to the parent material when the equipment is correctly set up. The following equipment
s h a l l b e ava i l ab l e , a s re qu i re d :
a) power sources, control unit and movable fixtures;

b) cables with su fficient cross-section, solid connection terminals and su fficient earth connection;
c) handling equipment for the technical aspects o f welding fabrication (jigs, fixtures);
d) we l d d ata mo n i to r i n g e qu ip me n t;
e) c l e a n i n g fac i l i ti e s fo r c o n tac t p o i n ts a n d we l d i n g p o i n ts ;
f) m e a s u r i n g a n d te s ti n g e qu i p me nt;
g) e qu ip me n t fo r p re - a nd p o s t- tre atm e nt;
h) e qu ip me n t a nd we l d i n g p l a n t fo r re to uc h i n g.
7.2 Description of the equipment
A l i s t o f the s tud- we l d i n g e qu ip me n t s h a l l b e m a i n t a i ne d , wh ic h s h a l l do c u me n t p e r fo r m a nc e a nd s tud-
welding application field. It shall include:

a) de t a i l s o f the s m a l l e s t a n d l a rge s t we l d ab l e s tud d i a me te r;
b) the m a x i mu m nu m b e r o f s tud s to b e we l de d p e r u n i t o f ti m e ;
c) the regulating range o f the power supply;

d) the mo de o f o p e ratio n a nd p e r fo r m a nc e o f me c h a n i z e d o r au to m ati c s tud- we l d i n g e qu i p m e nt;
e) de ta i l s o f the ava i l ab l e te s t e qu i p me n t.
7.3 Maintenance
T he c o r re c t fu nc ti o n i n g o f the e qu ip m e n t s h a l l b e e n s u re d . D u r i n g p ro duc tio n , a fu nc tio n c he c k o f the
actuation mechanisms shall be per formed at fixed intervals. Cables, terminals, stud and ceramic ferrule
holders shall be regularly checked and replaced at the appropriate time. For mass production and
comprehensive quality requirements in accordance with ISO 3834-2, a maintenance plan for additional
essential systems shall be drawn up. Examples o f such systems are:
a) stud sorting and feeding systems;
b) s tud a nd c e ra m ic fe r r u l e ho l de r s ;
c) mechanical guides and fixtures;

d) m e a s u r i n g e qu i p m e nt;
e) c ab l e s , ho s e s , c o n ne c ti n g e l e me n ts ;
f) a monitoring system.
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
8 Production planning
Fo r s tud we l d i n g , the p ro duc tio n p l a n n i n g s h a l l a l s o c o nt a i n the fo l l o w i n g e l e me n ts :
a) a de fi n i tio n o f the re qu i re d s tud- we l d i n g p ro c e du re s a nd e qu ip me n t;
b) de ta i l s o f wh i c h j i gs a n d fi x tu re s a re u s e d;
c) the s u r fac e p re p a ratio n me tho d .
9 Welding procedure specification (WPS)
9.1 General
T he W P S s h a l l g i ve de ta i l s o f ho w a we l d i n g o p e rati o n s h a l l b e p e r fo r me d a nd s h a l l c o n ta i n a l l re l e va n t
i n fo r m ati o n ab o u t the we l d i n g wo rk.
I n fo r m ati o n l i s te d i n 9 . 2 to 9 . 1 2 i s ade qu ate fo r mo s t we l d i n g o p e ratio n s . Fo r s o me ap p l ic ati o n s , i t m ay
b e ne c e s s a r y to s up p l e me n t o r re duc e the l i s t. T he re l e va n t i n fo r m ati o n s h a l l b e s p e c i fie d i n the W P S .
Ra n ge s a nd to l e r a nc e s shall be s p e c i fi e d whe n ap p ro p r i ate . An e x a mp l e o f the WP S fo r m at is g i ve n in
A n ne x C .
9.2 Information related to the manufacturer
9.2.1 Identification o f the manufacturer

— u n a m b i g uo u s i de n ti fi c ati o n .
9.2.2 Identification o f the WPS

— a l p h a nu me r ic de s i g n atio n (re fe re nc e c o de) .
9.2.3 Re ference to the welding procedure qualification record (WPQR) or other relevant
documents
— a l p h a nu me r ic de s i g n atio n (re fe re nc e c o de) .
9.3 Information related to the parent material
9.3 .1 Parent material type
— ide nti fic atio n o f m ate r i a l , p re fe rab l y b y re fe re nc e to a n ap p ro p r i ate s ta n d a rd ;
— p a re nt m ate r i a l (s) de l i ve r y c o n d i ti o n ;
— ide nti fic atio n o f c o ati n g o r a ny o the r s u r fac e c o n d i tio n .
NO TE A WP S can c o ve r a m a te r i a l g r o up in ac c o r d a n c e w i th I S O/ T R 15 60 8 . See also I S O/ T R 2 017 2 ,
I S O/ T R 2 0 1 7 3 a n d I S O/ T R 2 0 1 74 .
9.3 .2 Dimensions
— the th i c kne s s o r ra n ge o f th i c kne s s e s o f the p a re n t m ate r i a l ;
— o the r re l e va n t d i me n s io n s (e . g. th ic kne s s a nd c o n fi g u ratio n o f the s te e l s he e t fo r th ro u gh- de c k
ap p l i c ati o n s) .
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9.4 Welding process
— de s i g n atio n i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th I S O 4 0 6 3 .
9.5 Joint
9.5 .1 Joint design
— sketch o f the joint design showing the relative positions o f studs and tolerances;
— the s e que nc e o f the we l d i n g o f s tud s s h a l l b e i nd i c ate d o n the s ke tc h i f e s s e n ti a l fo r ap p l i c ati o n .
9.5 .2 Welding position
— welding positions shall be specified in accordance with ISO 6947.
9.5 .3 Preparation of parent material surface
— method o f sur face preparation, i f necessary (e.g. cleaning, degreasing, pickling);

— m a x i mu m ti me p e r m i t te d b e t we e n p re p a ratio n a nd we l d i n g (i f re qu i re d ) .
9 . 5 . 4 J i g s a n d fi x tu re s
— the me tho d s to b e u s e d (i f re qu i re d ) ;
— fixture details, templates, etc.
9.5 .5 Support
— the me tho d o f s up p o r t;
— specification o f supporting material;

— d i me n s i o n s o f s up p o r t (whe n we l d i n g th i n p l ate s) .
9.6 Studs
9.6.1 Designation
— designation according to standard, supplier or trade name; non-standard studs shall be specified.
9.6.2 Handling
— i f the studs are to be treated (e.g. by cleaning) be fore use, this shall be specified.
9.7 Auxiliaries
9.7.1 Ceramic ferrules (if any)
— de s i g n atio n ac c o rd i n g to s t a n d a rd , s up p l ie r o r trade n a me ; no n- s ta n d a rd c e ra m i c fe r r u l e s s h a l l b e
specified;
— ceramic ferrules shall be stored in a clean and dry environment.
9.7.2 Protective gas (if any)
— de s i g n atio n i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th I S O 1417 5 .
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9.8 Power source
— m a nu fac tu re r, typ e .
9 . 9 M o va b l e fi x tu r e s
9.9.1 Welding gun/lift mechanism
— m a nu fac tu re r, typ e;
— d a mp e r.
9.9.2 Shielding gas system (if used)
— ga s fl o w rate ;
— (s c he m ati c) de s c r ip tio n s ho w i n g no z z l e d i me n s i o n s a nd p o s i tio n o f no z z l e (s) i n re l atio n to s tud a nd
wo rk p ie c e .
9.9.3 Stud feeding system (if any)
— de s c r ip tio n o f s tud fe e d i n g s ys te m i nc l ud i n g s ke tc h .
9.1 0 Welding variables
9 . 1 0 . 1 D ra wn - a rc s tu d we l d i n g w i th c e ra m i c f
e r r u l e o r s h i e l d i n g ga s a n d s h o r t- c yc l e d ra wn - a rc
stud welding
a) p o l a r i t y;
b) we l d i n g c u r re n t;
c) we l d i n g ti me ;
d) l i ft;
e) p ro tr u s io n ;
f) d a mp e r;
g) nu m b e r a n d p o s i ti o n o f e a r th c l a mp s .
9 . 1 0 . 2 C a p a c i to r d i s c h a r g e d raw n - a r c s tu d we l d i n g o r c a p a c i to r d i s c h a r g e s tu d we l d i n g w i th ti p
ignition
a) p o l a r i t y;
b) c ap ac i t a nc e ;
c) c h a rg i n g vo l t a ge ;
d) s p r i n g fo rc e a nd/o r gap l e n g th;
e) nu m b e r a nd p o s i ti o n o f e a r th c l a mp s ;
f) we l d i n g c ab l e c o n fi g u ratio n (i f u s e d fo r c u r re n t c o n tro l ) .
9.1 1 Thermal conditions
a) p re he at te mp e ratu re (i f re qu i re d ) ;
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
b) i f p re he ati n g i s no t re qu i re d , the l o we s t p e r m i t te d a m b i e n t te mp e ratu re .
9.12 Post-weld heat-treatment

I f, in s p ecial cases , a ny p o s t- we l d he at- tre atm e nt o r a ge i n g i s ne c e s s a r y, s p e c i fic atio n o f the p ro c e du re
or re fe re nc e to a s e p a rate p o s t- we l d he at- tre atm e nt or a ge i n g s p e c i fic atio n is re qu i re d . This s ho u l d
i nc l ude s p e c i fi c atio n o f the e n ti re the r m a l c yc l e .
9.13 Non-thermal treatment after welding

a) g r i nd i n g , m ac h i n i n g o r a ny o the r m e c h a n ic a l tre atm e n t;
b) p i c k l i n g o r a ny o the r c he m ic a l tre atme n t;
c) a ny s p e c i a l p ro c e du re fo r re m o va l o f fe r r u l e s .
10 Welding procedure qualification
1 0.1 Principles
P re l i m i n a r y we l d i n g p ro c e du re s p e c i fic atio n s ( pW P S ) fo r a rc s tud we l d i n g shall be p re p a re d in
ac c o rd a nc e w i th C l au s e 9 a nd qu a l i fie d p r i o r to p ro duc tio n , whe ne ve r re qu i re d . T he y s h a l l s p e c i fy the
ra n ge fo r a l l the re l e va n t p a ra me te r s . I n p r i nc ip l e , the fo l l o w i n g me tho d s o f qu a l i fi c ati o n a re p e r m i t te d ,
b u t s p e c i fic atio n o r ap p l ic atio n c o de re qu i re me n ts c a n re s tr ic t the c ho i c e o f me tho d :
a) qu a l i fic atio n b y we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s t i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th 1 0 . 2 ;
b) qu a l i fic atio n b y p re - p ro duc ti o n te s t s i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th 1 0 . 3 ;
c) qu a l i fic atio n b a s e d o n p re v i o u s e x p e r i e nc e i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th 1 0 . 4 .
A l l ne w we l d i n g p ro c e du re qu a l i fi c ati o n s a re to b e i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th th i s do c u me n t fro m the d ate o f i ts

i s s ue . H o we ve r, th i s do c u me n t do e s no t i nva l id ate p re v io u s we l d i n g p ro c e du re qu a l i fic atio n s m ade to
fo r me r n ati o n a l s ta n d a rd s o r s p e c i fic ati o n s , p ro v ide d the te c h n ic a l re qu i re me n ts a re s ati s fie d a nd the
p re v io u s p ro c e du re qu a l i fi c ati o n s a re re l e va n t to the ap p l i c ati o n a nd p ro duc ti o n wo rk o n wh i c h the y
a re to be e mp l o ye d . P re v io u s p ro c e du re qu a l i fic atio n s to fo r me r n atio n a l s t a nd a rd s or s p e c i fic atio n s
s ho u l d b e c o n s i de re d at the ti me o f the e n qu i r y o r c o n trac t s t a ge a nd a g re e d b e t we e n the c o ntrac ti n g
p a r ti e s .
1 0.2 Welding procedure tests
1 0.2 .1 Application
W he n we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s ts a re re qu i re d , the s e s h a l l b e c a r r i e d o u t i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th the p ro v i s io n s
i n 1 0 . 2 , u n l e s s mo re s e ve re te s ts a re s p e c i fie d .
1 0.2 .2 Proof of conformity of parent materials and stud materials
Fo r the p a re n t m ate r i a l a nd the s tud m ate r i a l to b e u s e d , p ro o f o f c o n fo r m i t y s h a l l b e ava i l ab l e .
I n the ab s e nc e o f s uc h p ro o f, the p a re n t m ate r i a l a nd/o r s tud m ate r i a l s h a l l be s u b j e c te d to add i ti o n a l
m ate r i a l te s ts be fo re the we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s t s . Fo r th i s purp o se, su ffi c i e nt a mo u nt s o f p a re n t
m ate r i a l a nd s tud m ate r i a l fro m the s a m e m e l t a s u s e d i n the te s t s h a l l b e m ade ava i l ab l e .
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1 0.2 .3 Shape and dimensions of test pieces
T he d i me n s io n o f the te s t p i e c e (s) shall be su ffi c ie nt to carr y o ut all te s ts . T he th ic kne s s o f the te s t
p ie c e s shall be c ho s e n so th at the p l ate or fl a n ge th ic kne s s p ro p o s e d fo r p ro duc tio n is c o ve re d (s e e
10 . 2 . 8 . 6) .
1 0.2 .4 Welding
P re p a ratio n , s e t- up a nd we l d i n g o f te s t p i e c e s s h a l l b e c a r r i e d o u t i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th the pW P S , u nde r
the ge ne r a l c o n d i ti o n s o f p ro duc ti o n we l d i n g th at the y re p re s e n t. T he s a me we l d i n g p o s i tio n s shall be
o b s e r ve d a s o n the ac tu a l wo rk p ie c e . T he re s h a l l b e s u ffic ie n t d i s t a nc e fro m the l ate ra l e a r th c l a mp s to
avo i d a rc b l o w.
We l d i n g p ro c e du re te s ts s h a l l b e c a r r ie d o u t o n the s m a l l e s t a nd l a rge s t s tud d i a me te r s u s e d i n p rac tic e .
As a m i n i mu m , the nu m b e r s of s tud s i n d ic ate d in Tab l e s 1 a nd 2 shall be we l de d in the we l d i n g
p ro c e du re te s t.
1 0.2 .5 Scope of examination and testing
T he e x a m i n atio n a nd te s ti n g i nc l ude s no n- de s tr uc ti ve a nd de s tr uc ti ve te s t s , wh ic h shall be in
ac c o rd a nc e w i th the re qu i re me n ts o f Tab l e s 1 , 2 a nd 3 .
Al l i n s p e c tio n a nd te s ts shall be p er fo r m e d in ac c o rd a nc e w i th the p ro c e du re s s p e c i fi e d in C l au s e 11 .
T he nu m b e r a nd t y p e o f te s t s tate d i n Tab l e s 1 , 2 a n d 3 s h a l l o n l y b e u s e d i n the c a s e o f the qu a l i fic atio n
o fa pW P S b a s e d o n the u s e o f s tud m ate r i a l a nd p a re n t m ate r i a l , a s s p e c i fi e d i n Tab l e A . 3 .
1 0.2 .6 Acceptance criteria
T he ac c e p ta nc e c r i te r i a de s c r i b e d i n C l au s e 1 2 s h a l l b e fu l fi l l e d u n l e s s o the r w i s e s p e c i fie d .
Table 1 — Examination and testing o f test pieces welded by drawn-arc stud welding with
ceramic ferrule or shielding gas
Number of s tuds to be tes ted
Application > 100 °C

Application ≤ 100 °C All quality
Application ≤ 100 °C
Standard quality requirements
Comprehensive quality
Type of tes t requirements accord - according to
requirements according
ing ISO 3834-2,
to ISO 3834-2
to ISO 3834-3 ISO 3834-3 and
ISO 3834-4
d w
≤ 1 2 mm d w
> 1 2 mm A l l d i a m e te r s ( d w
) d
A l l d i a m e te r s ( w
)
Vi s u a l e x a m i n ati o n Al l
10 5
B e n d te s ti n g 10 5
(6 0 ° b e n d i n g (6 0 ° b e n d i n g
[s e e F i g u r e 2 a) , b) o r c) ] (6 0 ° b e n d i n g a n g l e) (3 0 ° b e n d i n g a n g l e)
a n g l e) a n g l e)
B e n d te s ti n g b y m e a n s o f
to r qu e w r e n c h
N o t ap p l i e d 10
(s e e F i g u r e 3 , ap p l i e s to
b o i l e r p i n s o n l y)
a
O nly fo r we l d s o n a t u b e s u b j e c te d to p r e s s u r e .
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Table 1 (continued)
Number of s tuds to be tes ted
Application > 100 °C

Application ≤ 100 °C All quality
Application ≤ 100 °C
Standard quality requirements
Comprehensive quality
Type of test requirements accord - according to
requirements according
ing ISO 3834-2,
to ISO 3834-2
to ISO 3834-3 ISO 3834-3 and
ISO 3834-4
d w
≤ 1 2 mm d w
> 1 2 mm A l l d i a me te r s (d w
) A l l d i a me te r s ( d w
)
Te n s i l e te s ti n g
— 5 — —
(s e e F i g u r e s 4 , 5 o r 6 )
5 (o p ti o n a l i n -
R ad i o g r ap h i c e x a m i n a ti o n N o t ap p l i e d s te ad o f te n s i l e — —
te s ti n g)
M ac r o e x a m i n ati o n
(o ff- s e t 9 0 ° th r o u g h the — 2 — 2
a
c e n tr e o f th e s tu d )
a
O nly fo r we l d s o n a t u b e s u b j e c te d to p r e s s u r e .
Table 2 — Examination and testing o f test pieces welded by short-cycle drawn-arc stud welding
with d ≤ 12 mm w
Type of tes t Number of s tuds to be tes ted
Vi s u a l e x a m i n ati o n All
B e n d te s ti n g 6 0 ° [s e e F i g u r e 2 a) , b) o r c) ] 10
To r q u e te s t (s e e Fi g u re 6) or m ac ro e xa m i n ati o n (o ff- s e t 90° th ro u gh the 1 0 (to r q u e te s t)
c e n tr e o f th e s tu d )
2 (m ac r o e x a m i n ati o n)
Table 3 — E xamination and testing of test pieces welded by capacitor discharge stud welding
with tip ignition and capacitor discharge drawn-arc stud welding
Type of tes t Number of s tuds to be tes ted
Vi s u a l e x a m i n ati o n All
Te n s i l e te s ti n g (s e e F i g u r e 4 o r 5 ) 10
B e n d te s ti n g 3 0 ° [s e e F i g u r e 2 a) , b) o r c) ] 20
10.2.7 Re-testing
I f o ne o f the s tud s fa i l s to me e t the re qu i re me n ts , t wo similar re p l ac e m e nt s tud s can be t a ke n fro m
the a s s o c i ate d te s t p ie c e s . I f th i s is no t p o s s ib le , e qu i va l e nt s tud s shall be we l de d s ub s e que n tl y. It is
the re fo re re c o m me nde d th at a su ffic i e n t nu m b e r o f re p l ac e m e nt s tud s be p ro v ide d fo r the we l d i n g
p ro c e du re te s ts .
I f m o re th a n o ne s tud , o r o ne o f the t wo re p l ac e me n t s tud s , do e s no t s ati s fy the re qu i re me n ts , the te s t
h a s fa i l e d .
10.2.8 Range o f qualification
1 0.2 .8.1 General
A l l the c o n d i tio n s o f va l i d i t y s tate d b e l o w s h a l l b e me t i nde p e n de n tl y o f e ac h o the r. C h a n ge s o u ts i de o f

the ra n ge s s p e c i fie d s h a l l re qu i re a ne w we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s t.
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T he re is no l i m i t to the du ratio n o f the va l i d i t y o f the we l d i n g p ro c e du re qu a l i fi c atio n , p ro v i de d th at
no qu a l i t y c h a n ge s a re m ade a nd th at a p ro duc tio n s u r ve i l l a nc e re c o rd i s ke p t i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th 14 . 6 .
H o we ve r, s i nc e the re s u l t o f s tud we l d i n g de p e n d s no t o n l y o n c o mp l i a nc e w i th the we l d i n g p ro c e du re
s p e c i fi c ati o n , b u t a l s o , fo r e x a mp l e , the s ki l l ne s s/e x p e r ie nc e o f the o p e rato r i s c r i ti c a l i n te r m s o f we l d

qu a l i t y, a p ro duc ti o n te s t s h a l l b e c a r r i e d o u t at l e a s t o nc e a ye a r, as s p e c i fi e d i n 14 . 2 . A ny s tud w i th a
d i a me te r w i th i n the ra n ge o f va l id i t y m ay b e u s e d fo r the p ro duc tio n te s t.
I n the e ve n t o f p ro duc tio n b e i n g s u s p e nde d fo r m o re th a n 1 ye a r, the va l id i t y o f the we l d i n g p ro c e du re
qu a l i fic atio n shal l be c o n fi r me d in a p ro duc ti o n te s t. Qu a l i fic atio n ac c o rd i n g to 10 . 3 . 2 is va l id u n ti l
we l d p a ra me te r s c h a n ge .
1 0.2 .8.2 Conditions related to the manufacturer
T he qu a l i fi c ati o n o fa pW P S o b t a i ne d b y a m a nu fac tu re r i s va l id fo r we l d i n g i n wo rks ho p s o r s i te s u nde r
the s a m e te c h n i c a l a nd qu a l i t y c o ntro l o f th at m a nu fac tu re r.
1 0.2 .8.3 Conditions related to the welding process
T he qu a l i fi c atio n i s va l id o n l y fo r the we l d i n g p ro c e s s u s e d i n we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s t.
1 0.2 .8.4 Conditions related to the welding parameters
T he qu a l i fi c atio n is va l id fo r c h a n ge s o f the we l d i n g p a ra me te r s w i th i n the re c o m m e nd atio n s o f the
s up p l ie r o f the we l d i n g e qu ip m e n t.
1 0.2 .8.5 Conditions related to the parent material
A we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s t c a r r ie d o ut w i th o ne o f the s te e l s of a m ate r i a l g ro up , in ac c o rd a nc e w i th
I S O/ T R 1 5 6 0 8 , c o ve r s the s te e l s w i th l o we r s p e c i fie d y ie l d s tre n g th o f th i s m ate r i a l g ro up , o r the l o we r
a l l o ye d s te e l s o f the s a me m ate r i a l g ro up fo r the i n te ntio n a l adde d e l e m e nt s , b ut no t fo r fo r tu i to u s

i mp u r i tie s . In ac c o rd a nc e w i th I S O/ T R 15608, m ate r i a l g ro up 8 or 10 c o ve r m ate r i a l g ro up 1 a nd
m ate r i a l g ro up 2 , a nd v ic e ve r s a , wh i l e m ate r i a l g ro up 2 1 c o ve r s m ate r i a l g ro up 2 2 , a nd v i c e ve r s a .
1 0.2 .8.6 Stud material
We l d i n g p ro c e du re te s ts c o ve r all m ate r i a l s of the s a me m ate r i a l g ro up in ac c o rd a nc e w i th
I S O/ T R 1 5 6 0 8 w i th the fo l l o w i n g add i ti o n .
a) Fo r d r aw n- a rc s tud- we l d i n g p ro c e s s e s up to 13 mm d i a me te r, m ate r i a l g ro up s 8 or 10 c o ve r
m ate r i a l g ro up s 1 a n d 2 . 1 a n d v ic e ve r s a .
b) Fo r c ap ac i to r d i s c h a rge s tud- we l d i n g p ro c e s s e s , m ate r i a l g ro up 8 c o ve r s m ate r i a l g ro up s 1 to 6 a nd
1 1 .1 a nd v i c e ve r s a .
c) M ate r i a l g ro up 2 1 c o ve r s m ate r i a l g ro up 2 2 a n d v ic e ve r s a .
1 0.2 .8.7 Parent material thickness
As re c o m me nde d in Tab l e A .1 , the m ate r i a l th ic kne s s used fo r the we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s t ap p l i e s to
all th ic kne s s e s wh ic h e xc e e d tho s e s p e c i fi e d in Tab l e A .1 , p ro v id i n g the pWP S used in the we l d i n g
p ro c e du re te s t ap p l i e s .
Fo r m ate r i a l th i c kne s s e s b e l o w the re c o m m e nde d m i n i mu m th ic kne s s , a ne w we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s t i s
re qu i re d .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
10.2.8.8 Steel sheet thickness for through-deck applications

Fo r th ro u gh- de c k s tud- we l d i n g , qu a l i fic atio n o f the th ic ke s t s te e l s he e t u s e d i n p ro duc ti o n qu a l i fi e s a l l
th i n ne r s te e l s he e ts .
10.2.8.9 Conditions related to the stud cross-section and shape

A s i n gle weld i n g p ro ce du re te s t co vers a l l s tud s h ap e s , b ut o n l y the weld i n g c ro s s - s e c tio n u s e d i n the te s t.
Two we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s ts on d i ffe re n t we l d i n g c ro s s - s e c tio n s c o ve r the ra n ge b e t we e n the t wo
c ro s s - s e c tio n s a n d a l l s tud s h ap e s .
1 0.2 .8.1 0 Conditions related to the welding position
Us i n g d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g w i th c e ra m i c fe r r u l e or s h ield i n g ga s a nd s ho r t- c yc l e d raw n- a rc s tud
we l d i n g , we l d i n g p o s i ti o n PC c o ve r s we l d i n g p o s i tio n s PE a nd PA , b ut no t vice ve r s a . Fo r we l d i n g
p o s i ti o n P C , s p ecial c e r a m ic fe r r u l e s can be used. We l d i n g p o s i ti o n PE c o ve r s we l d i n g p o s i ti o n PA , b ut
no t v i c e ve r s a . We l d i n g p o s i tio n s re fe r to I S O 6 9 47.
T h ro u gh- de c k s tud we l d i n g s h a l l b e c a r r i e d o u t i n the PA p o s i tio n o n l y.
Us i n g c ap ac i to r d i s c h a r ge s tud we l d i n g w i th tip i g n i tio n a nd c ap ac i to r d i s c h a r ge d r aw n- a rc s tud
we l d i n g , a we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s t c a r r ie d o ut in a ny o ne we l d i n g p o s i ti o n is va l i d fo r we l d i n g in all
we l d i n g p o s i tio n s .
1 0.2 .8.1 1 Conditions related to the welding equipment
I f the re is a c h a n ge in the typ e o f we l d i n g gun or he ad , a nd/o r p o we r s o u rc e , or we l d i n g e qu ip me n t
m a nu fac tu re r, the we l d i n g p ro c e du re s p e c i fic atio n s h a l l b e ve r i fie d b y a p ro duc tio n te s t.
1 0.2 .8.1 2 Preheating
We l d i n g p ro c e du re s p e c i fic atio n s th at h ave b e en qu a l i fie d by a we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s t w i tho u t
p re he ati n g a re a l s o va l id fo r tho s e fo r we l d i n g w i th p re he ati n g , b u t no t v ic e ve r s a .
10.3 Pre-production tests
10.3.1 Pre-production test for workshop applications

T he ge ne ra l p ro v i s i o n s o f ISO 1 5 61 3 s h a l l b e ad he re d to , w i th the fo l l o w i n g add i tio n s a n d mo d i fic ati o n s :
a) we l d i n g p ro c e du re s p e c i fic atio n s , pW P S a nd W P S , s h a l l c o n fo r m to the p ro v i s i o n s o f C l au s e 9;
b) the ac tu a l p ro duc tio n s h a l l b e c o n tro l l e d b y a s u i tab l e s c he me fo r p ro c e s s c o n tro l ;
c) the nu m b e r o f s tud s ( p ro duc e d i te m s) te s te d s h a l l m e e t the re qu i re me n ts o f 1 0 . 2 . 4 , i f p o s s ib l e ;
d) qu a l i fic atio n is l i m i te d to the s a me typ e o f e qu ip me n t, the s a me typ e a nd th i c kne s s o f the p a re n t
m ate r i a l a nd the s a me d i a me te r o f s tud s a s u s e d du r i n g the p re - p ro duc tio n te s t.
10.3.2 Pre-production test for stud welding on site (for through-deck stud welding)
This te s t shall be c arrie d out fo r bu i ld i n g c o n s tr uc tio n s w i th p r i nc ip a l l y s tatic l o ad s . This te s t is
ap p l ic ab l e to a n i nd i v idu a l s i te u n de r p re va i l i n g c o nd i tio n s .
a) We l d i n g p ro c e du re s p e c i fic atio n s , pWP S a nd W P S , s h a l l c o n fo r m to the p ro v i s i o n s o f C l au s e 9.
b) A m i n i mu m o f 1 0 s tud s s h a l l b e we l de d .
c) Vi s u a l e x a m i n atio n s h a l l b e c a r r i e d o u t o n a l l s tud s .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
d) B e n d te s t (3 0 ° ) s h a l l b e c a r r ie d o u t a n a l l s tud s .
T he we l d i n g p a r a me te r s a n d s e tup c o nd i tio n s o n s i te shal l be re c o rde d in the W P QR (s e e A n ne x D) or
i n a te s t re p o r t ac c o rd i n g to A n ne x F. T he i n fl ue nc e o f c ab l e l e n g th , c ab l e c ro s s - s e c tio n , e nv i ro n me n ta l
c o nd i tio n s s h a l l b e t a ke n i n to ac c o u n t.
We l de d s tud s th at h ave b e e n b e n d te s te d s h a l l no t b e s tr a i ghte ne d a fte r te s ti n g.
1 0.4 Previous experience
T he ge ne r a l p ro v i s i o n s o f ISO 1 5 61 1 s h a l l b e ad he re d to , w i th the fo l l o w i n g add i ti o n s a n d mo d i fi c ati o n s :
a) we l d i n g p ro c e du re s p e c i fic atio n s , pW P S a n d W P S , s h a l l c o n fo r m to the p ro v i s io n s o f C l au s e 9;
b) the fo r me r p ro duc ti o n on wh i c h the e x p e r ie nc e is b ased shall h ave b e en c o n tro l l e d by a s u i tab l e
s c he me fo r p ro c e s s c o n tro l , g i v i n g a s t ati s tic a l c o n fi de nc e c o mp atib l e w i th the fu tu re ap p l ic atio n o f

the we l d i n g p ro c e du re to b e qu a l i fie d;
c) q u a l i fi c a t i o n i s l i m i te d to the s a me t y p e o f e q u i p m e n t, the s a me t y p e a nd th ickne s s o f the p a rent
m a te r i a l a nd the s a me d i a m e te r o f s t u d s as used du r i n g the p r o du c t i o n on wh i c h the e x p e r ie nce
is based.
T he u s e o f p re v io u s e x p e r i e nc e i n s te ad o f we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s t s i s no t p e r m i t te d fo r s te e l we l d s w i th
s ta nd a rd o r c o mp re he n s i ve qu a l i t y re qu i re me n ts (s e e A n ne x B ) .
1 0 . 5 We l d i n g p ro c e d u re q u a l i fi c a ti o n r e c o rd ( WP Q R)
T he we l d i n g p ro c e du re qu a l i fic atio n re c o rd ( W P QR) i s a s tate me nt o f the re s u l t s o f as ses s ing e ac h te s t
p ie c e , i nc l ud i n g re - te s t s . T he re l e va n t i te m s l i s te d fo r the WP S in C l au s e 9 shall be i nc l ude d , to ge the r
w i th de t a i l s o f a ny fe atu re s th at wo u l d b e re j e c te d o n the b a s i s o f the re qu i re me n ts i n C l au s e 1 1 . I f no
re j e c tab l e fe atu re s o r u n ac c e p tab l e te s t re s u l t s a re fo u nd , a W P QR de ta i l i n g the we l d i n g p ro c e du re te s t
p ie c e re s u l ts i s qu a l i fi e d , a n d s h a l l b e s i g ne d a n d d ate d b y the e x a m i ne r o r te s t b o d y.
A W P QR fo r m at, as s ho w n in A n ne x D or A n ne x E, m ay be used to re c o rd de t a i l s fo r the we l d i n g
p ro c e du re a nd the te s t re s u l ts , i n o rde r to fac i l i t ate u n i fo r m p re s e n tatio n a nd a s s e s s me n t o f the d ata .
1 1 Examination and testing
1 1 .1 General
T he me tho d s de s c r ib e d in 11 . 2 to 1 1 .7 m ay be used fo r e x a m i n ati o n a nd te s ti n g o f s tud we l d s . Te s ts
s h a l l b e s e l e c te d ac c o rd i n g to the ap p l ic atio n .
In c e r ta i n s tud- we l d i n g ap p l ic atio n s , e . g. s te a m b oi lers , s h ip b u i l d i n g or nuc l e a r i ndu s tr y, add i ti o n a l
te s ts (e . g. h a rd ne s s te s ts or u l tr a s o n ic e x a m i n atio n s) m ay be re qu i re d by ap p l ic atio n s ta nd a rd s or
s p e c i fi c ati o n s .
1 1 .2 Visual examination
Fo r d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g w i th c e ra m ic fe r r u l e or s h ield i n g ga s a nd s ho r t- c yc l e d raw n- a rc s tud
we l d i n g , v i s u a l e x a m i n ati o n i s u s e d fo r a s s e s s i n g the fo l l o w i n g , a s ap p ro p r i ate fo r the ap p l ic atio n :
a) the u n i fo r m i t y o f the s h ap e o f the we l d c o l l a r, i t s s i z e a nd i ts c o l o u r ( g u id a nc e va l ue s fo r d raw n- a rc
s tud we l d i n g w i th c e ra m ic fe r r u l e a re g i ve n i n I S O 1 3 9 1 8 ) , a nd
b) l o c ati o n , l e n g th a n d a n gl e o f the s tud a fte r we l d i n g.
Fo r c ap ac i to r d i s c h a r ge d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g a nd c ap ac i to r d i s c h a r ge s tud we l d i n g w i th ti p i g n i ti o n ,
v i s u a l e x a m i n atio n i s u s e d fo r a s s e s s i n g the u n i fo r m i t y o f the s p at te r r i n g.
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
1 1 .3 Bend testing
T he te s t s e r ve s a s a s i mp l e b e nc h te s t fo r ap p ro x i m ate c he c ki n g o f the c ho s e n we l d i n g d ata . I n the te s t,
the we l d i s s ub j e c te d to b e nd i n g i n a n u n de fi ne d m a n ne r. I f a rc b l o w o r a no the r v i s ib l e i mp e r fe c ti o n is
s u s p e c te d , the s tud s h a l l b e b e n t i n a m a n ne r s uc h th at the a re a to b e e x a m i ne d i s i n the te n s io n z o ne .
This c a n b e do ne b y o ne o f the t wo fo l l o w i n g m e tho d s . S he a r c o n ne c to r s th at h ave b e e n b e n t s h a l l no t
b e s tra i ghte ne d . I f the b e nd i n g a n gl e do e s no t e xc e e d 3 0 ° the s he a r c ap ac i t y i s no t s i g n i fi c a n tl y re duc e d .
a) T he s tud s a re b e n t b y 6 0 ° u s i n g d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g w i th c e ra m i c fe r r u l e o r s h i e l d i n g ga s a nd
ap p l ic atio n s ≤ 1 0 0 ° C , o r s ho r t- c yc l e d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g , b y 3 0 ° u s i n g c ap ac i to r d i s c h a rge s tud
we l d i n g w i th tip i g n i tio n o r c ap ac i to r d i s c h a rge d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g o r d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g
w i th c e ra m i c fe r r u l e o r s h i e l d i n g ga s a nd ap p l ic ati o n s >1 0 0 °C (s e e F i g u re 2) . In the case o f s tud s
w i th re c ta n g u l a r base, the b e nd i n g s h a l l be p e r fo r me d o ve r the we a k a x i s . In the case o f do u b l e -
e nde d s tud s (e . g. Y- a nc ho r s) , b o th arms shall be s ub j e c te d to the s p e c i fie d b e nd a n gl e b ut i n to
d i ffe re n t d i re c tio n s (s e e F i g u re 1) .
F i g u r e 1 — B e n d i n g o f t h e a r m s o f a d o u b l e - e n d e d s t u d
b) T he s tud s a re s tre s s e d b y ap p l y i n g a b e nd i n g mo me n t b e l o w the e l a s ti c l i m i t (s e e F i g u re 1) .
NO TE Va l u e s o f b e nd i n g m o m e n ts fo r b o i l e r p i n s b y ap p l i c ati o n s >1 0 0 ° C a r e g i ve n i n Tab l e 4 .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
a) b)
c)
Key
1 stud
2 work piece
3 tool
α bending angle
Figure 2 — E xamples of bend testing
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 17

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
a) Torque wrench for bend testing
18 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
b) Test tool for bend testing
Key
1 s tu d
d 1
s tu d d i am e te r + 0 , 3 m m
d 2
to o l d i am e te r
S d rive d i m e n s i o n
NO TE 1 T h e to o l d i a me te r c a n b e c ho s e n fr e e l y b y th e m a nu fac t u r e r, de p e n d i n g o n th e s tu d s p ac i n g.
NO TE 2 T h e d r i ve d i m e n s i o n de p e n d s o n the to o l .
Figure 3 — E xample of bend testing by means of torque wrench
Table 4 — Minimum values of required bending moments (applies to boiler pins only)
Stud diameter
Bending moment
d
Nm
mm
8 40
10 60
12 85
T he ac c e p t a nc e c r i te r i a g i ve n i n 1 2 . 3 o r Tab l e 4 s h a l l b e fu l fi l l e d u n l e s s o the r w i s e s p e c i fie d .
1 1 .4 Tensile testing
By us ing a s u i tab l e te n s io n de v ic e (s e e F i g u re s 4 a nd 5), the we l de d s tud s a re pu l le d a xia l ly u nti l
frac tu re . T he te s t o n l y ap p l i e s to s tud s b y ap p l ic atio n ≤ 1 0 0 ° C .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
a) b)
Key
1 stud
2 steel nut
3 washer
4 sleeve
5 collar
6 work piece
Figure 4 — E xamples of tensile testing of threaded studs

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
a)
b)
Key
1 s tu d (s h e ar co n n e cto r)
2 co l l ar
3 b ri d ge
4 wo rk p i e ce
5 s cre w fo r l eve l l i n g
6 hydraulic cylinder
7 was h e r
NO TE T h e r e qu i r e d h a r d n e s s o f the wa s h e r i s 4 0 to 5 5 H RC .
Figure 5 — E xamples for tensile testing of shear connectors
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
1 1 .5 Torque test
We l d re s i s ta nc e i s c he c ke d b y ap p l y i n g a to rque , T , o n a c ap nu t fu l l y ti ghte ne d o n the s tud (s e e F i g u re 6 ) .
Key
d s tu d d i am e te r
h l e n gth o f th e th re ad e d p art o f th e n u t
t th i ckn e s s o f p l ate
T to rqu e
NO TE M i n i mu m va l u e s o f th e r e q u i r e d to r qu e o n m i l d s te e l a r e g i ve n i n Tab l e 5 .
Figure 6 — E xample of torque test
Table 5 — Minimum values of required torque on mild steel
M inimum thickness of the plate Stud diameter Torque

t d T
mm Nm
M3 1,2
M4 3
0 ,7
M5 6
M6 9
M8 24
1,5 M10 46
M1 2 80
1 1 .6 Macro examination
T he m ac ro e xa m i n ati o n s e r ve s to c he c k the s h ap e a nd de p th o f the p e ne tratio n a s we l l a s i mp e r fe c ti o n s .
T he a s s e s s me n t s h a l l b e c a r r i e d o u t w i th a m a x i mu m o f te n fo l d m a g n i fic atio n .
M ac ro e x a m i n atio n is on ly re qu i re d fo r the we l d i n g p ro c e s s e s , d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g w i th c e ra m ic
fe r r u l e or s h ie l d i n g ga s , a nd s ho r t- c yc l e d r aw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g. Fo r the s p e c i men , a s tud wh ic h has
p a s s e d the b e nd te s t m ay b e c ho s e n .
1 1 .7 Radiographic examination
T he rad io g r ap h i c e x a m i n ati o n s e r ve s to c he c k the we l d a re a fo r i n te r n a l i mp e r fe c tio n s . R ad io g rap h ic
e x a m i n ati o n i s o n l y re qu i re d fo r the we l d i n g p ro c e s s , d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g w i th c e ra m i c fe r r u l e or
s h i e l d i n g ga s d > 1 2 mm fo r ap p l i c atio n s ≤ 1 0 0 ° C , whe n te n s i l e te s ts a re no t c a r r i e d o u t.
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
The studs shall be cut o ff just over the collars.

Radiography shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 17636, using class B technique. The
imper fections shall be in accordance with the limits specified in 1 2 .1 .
1 1 .8 Ring test
The ring test serves as a production test for shear connectors principally subject to static loads in
building constructions. The ring test is only permitted for studs welded under the qualification in
ac c o rd a nc e w i th 1 0 . 3 . 2 .
T he he ad o f the s he a r c o n ne c to r is tap p e d w i th a h a m mer w i th a mas s o f 0 ,9 kg to 2 kg. T he a n gl e of
swing shall be between 20° and 30° and shall be allowed to free fall.
NOTE The execution and the assessment o f the ring test needs su fficient experience.
1 2 Acceptance criteria
1 2 .1 General
The weld zones o f the studs shall be free o f imper fections, except those which are to be accepted by the
d i ffe re n t te s t s a nd e x a m i n atio n s .
T he ac c e p ta nc e c r i te r i a shall be in ac c o rd a nc e w i th 12 .2 to 12 .8 , unless otherwise specified in

application standards or specifications.
I f elementary quality requirements are required in accordance with ISO 3834-4, the limit o f the
imper fections shall be specified.
I f comprehensive quality requirements are required in accordance with ISO 3834-2, the total area o f all
i mp e r fe c tio n s s h a l l no t e xc e e d 5 % o f the a re a o f the we l d z o ne .
I f standard quality requirements are required in accordance with ISO 3834-3, the total area o f all
i mp e r fe c tio n s s h a l l no t e xc e e d 1 0 % o f the a re a o f the we l d z o ne .
1 2 .2 Acceptance criteria for visual examination
For drawn-arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas, and short-cycle drawn-arc stud
we l d i n g , the i mp e r fe c tio n s s ho w n in Tab l e A. 5 , Nos . 2 to 5, a nd the i mp e r fe c tio n s s ho w n in Tab l e A.6,
N o s . 2 a n d 5 , a re no t ac c e p tab l e .
Fo r c ap ac i to r d i s c h a r ge d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g a n d c ap ac i to r d i s c h a r ge s tud we l d i n g w i th tip i g n i tio n ,
the i mp e r fe c tio n s s ho w n i n Tab l e A . 7, N o s . 2 to 4 , a re no t ac c e p tab l e .
1 2 .3 Acceptance criteria for bend testing
A we l d p a s s e s the te s t i f no c r ac ks a re fo u n d i n the we l d a fte r b e nd i n g o f the s tud to the re qu i re d a n gl e .
I f a low-de formation fracture occurs in the heat-a ffected zone, the weldability o f the materials shall be
checked (e.g. tendency to hardening).
I f inhomogeneous de formation has to be expected due to the geometry o f the stud, e.g. for studs with
re duc e d base, or if a b end u n ti l the me n tio ne d a n gl e is no t p o s s ib le , e . g. fo r s tud s o f s ho r t l e n g th in
relation to diameter, for two-material studs and for studs with yield strength above 355 N/mm 2
, the
suitability o f the weld shall be shown by other means. A su fficient plastic de formation shall be achieved.
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
1 2 .4 Acceptance criteria for tensile testing
A fracture in the weld area is not permitted, i f comprehensive quality requirements in accordance with
I S O 3 8 3 4 -2 a re re qu i re d .
I f standard quality requirements in accordance with ISO 3834-3 are required, fractures within the weld
zone are only permitted i f the nominal tensile strength o f the stud material is reached. Imper fections
in the fracture sur face shall be in accordance with the limits specified in . By use o f flanged studs 1 2 .1
ac c o rd i n g to ISO 1 3 918 a nd the we l d i n g p ro c e s s e s , c ap ac i to r d i s c h a rge d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g or
c ap ac i to r d i s c h a r ge s tud we l d i n g w i th tip i g n i ti o n frac tu re s w i th i n the we l d z o ne a re p e r m i t te d , i f the
non-welded area does not exceed 35 % o f the flanged area and the nominal tensile strength o f the stud
m ate r i a l i s re ac he d .
I n the p ro c e du re te s t fo r d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g , a s he a r fa i l u re o f the p a re n t m ate r i a l i s no t p e r m i t te d .
There fore, a su fficient thickness o f the test piece is recommended.

NOTE An insu fficient weld quality would not be detected in case a thin parent material would fail in shear
fa i l u r e .
1 2 .5 Acceptance criteria for torque testing
T he re qu i re d to rque s h a l l b e re ac he d w i tho u t we l d fa i l u re .
1 2 .6 Acceptance criteria for macro examination
T he to ta l l e n g th of all vi s ib le i mp e r fe c ti o n s shall no t e xc e e d 20 % o f the v i s ib l e w id th o f the we l d i n g
z o ne . A n u n de rc u t o f a n e x te n t no t l a rge r th a n 5 % o f the v i s ib l e w id th o f the we l d i n g z o ne i s p e r m i s s ib l e ,
provided it appears at one side o f the macro section only and the bend test which has been carried out
in the same test procedure has been passed. Imper fections with an extent ≤0,5 mm are disregarded
p ro v ide d the re i s a d i s ta nc e o f at l e a s t 0 , 5 m m b e t we e n the p a r tic u l a r i mp e r fe c tio n s .
In the case o f applications >100 °C, a su fficient weld between stud and tube material (subjected to
p re s s u re) has to b e ac h ie ve d wh i l e l e av i n g a m i n i mu m o f 2 m m wa l l th i c kne s s no n mo l te n i n the tub e .
In the case o f undershooting this value, the actual conditions shall be proven by calculation.
1 2 .7 Acceptance criteria for radiographic examination
Imper fections with dimensions larger than specified in 1 2 . 1 a re no t ac c e p tab l e .
1 2 .8 Acceptance criteria for ring tests
A clear resonating ring would typically indicate acceptable fusion characteristics, whereas a dull sound
wo u l d i n d ic ate p o s s i b l e fu s io n i mp e r fe c tio n s .
1 2 .9 Acceptance criteria for additional tests
Acceptance criteria for additional tests shall be specified. For the assessment, the characteristics o f the
s tud- we l d i n g p ro c e s s s h a l l b e ta ke n i n to ac c o u n t.
EXAMPLE For the hardness test, higher hardness values than those specified in ISO 15614-1:2004, Table 2,
a r e p e r m i t te d .
1 3 Workmanship
Sur faces to be welded shall be maintained dry and free from condensation. When a rapid cooling rate is
anticipated, appropriate preheating may be necessary.
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
D e p e nd i n g o n the we l d i n g p ro c e s s , c e ra m ic fe r r u l e s a nd/o r s h i e l d i n g ga s e s a re u s e d fo r p ro te c tio n o r to
c o nc e n tr ate the a rc . T he c e ra m ic fe r r u l e s s h a l l b e c o r re c tl y c ho s e n fo r the s tud d i a me te r a nd the t y p e
o f s tud . T he fo l l o w i n g p o i nt s s h a l l b e o b s e r ve d :
a) the c e ra m ic fe r r u l e s s h a l l b e s to re d i n a d r y p l ac e ;
b) c e r a m i c fe r r u l e s wh ic h h ad b e c o m e we t s h a l l no t b e u s e d;
c) the c e ra m ic fe r r u l e s h a l l b e p re s s e d a ga i n s t the p a re nt m ate r i a l ;
d) the c e ra m ic fe r r u l e s h a l l fi t c e n tra l l y w i th re s p e c t to the s tud .
NO TE T i l ti n g o r u ne ve n c o n t ac t o f th e c e r a m i c fe r r u l e at th e s tu d l e ad s to an u n e ve n co l l a r a nd can i n h ib it
p l u n g i n g.
I n s p e c i a l c a s e s (d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g o f a l u m i n iu m a nd i t s a l l o ys o r C rN i s te e l s) , i t m ay b e ne c e s s a r y
to u s e s h ie l d i n g ga s e s . I n p r i nc ip l e , the c e ra m ic fe r r u l e f
c a n b e re p l ac e d b y s h i e l d i n g ga s ( o r re s tr ic ti o n s ,
see Tab l e A .1) . T he ga s is fe d to a de v ic e th at shall e n s u re u n i fo r m ga s s h ield i n g w i tho u t tu rb u l e nc e .
N o te a l s o the fo l l o w i n g p o i n ts :
— the ga s fe e d s ho u l d b e s e a l e d o ff o n the s tud s i de ;
— the ga s shal l d i s p l ac e the atmo s p he re be fo re we l d i n g s ta r ts , so a de fi ne d p re - fl o w ti me shall be
o b s e r ve d ;
— i n the c a s e o f a l u m i n iu m , p a r tic u l a rl y c a re fu l ga s s h ie l d i n g i s e s s e n ti a l .
1 4 Process control
1 4.1 General
Fo r qu a l i t y a s s u ra nc e , va r io u s qu a l i t y re qu i re me n ts shall be me t, de p e n d i n g on the s tud- we l d i n g
p ro c e s s a nd the fi e l d o f ap p l ic atio n (s e e A n ne x B) . B e fo re , du r i n g a nd a fte r p ro duc tio n , te s t s shal l
the re fo re b e p e r fo r me d . T he va r io u s te s ts a re a s fo l l o ws :
a) p ro duc tio n te s t;
b) s i mp l i fie d p ro duc ti o n te s t;
c) p ro duc tio n s u r ve i l l a nc e .
T he s e te s ts c a n b e c a r r i e d o u t b y u s i n g the ac tu a l p ro duc ti o n p ie c e s o r b y u s i n g s p e c i a l te s t p i e c e s . T he
p ie c e s s h a l l c o r re s p o nd to the p ro duc ti o n c o n d i tio n s .
1 4.2 Production test
1 4.2 .1 General
P ro duc tio n te s ts shall be p er fo r me d b y the m a nu fac tu re r be fo re the b e gi n n i ng o f we l d i n g o p e ratio n s
on a c o n s tr uc ti o n or a g ro up o f similar c o n s tr uc tio n s , a n d/o r a fte r a s p e c i fie d nu m b e r o f we l d s . This
nu m b e r s h a l l b e t a ke n fro m the re l e va n t ap p l i c atio n s ta nd a rd o r s h a l l b e l a i d do w n i n the s p e c i fi c atio n .
T he p ro duc tio n te s t i s l i m i te d to the s tud d i a m e te r u s e d , the p a re nt m ate r i a l a nd the t y p e o f e qu ip m e nt .

Fo r s tud we l d i n g o p e ratio n s qu a l i fi e d ac c o rd i n g to 1 0 . 3 . 2 , the p ro duc tio n te s t i s no t re qu i re d .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
14.2.2 Production test for drawn-arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas and
short-cycle drawn-arc stud welding
At le a s t 10 s tud s shal l be we l de d . Fo r s e t ti n g- up te s ts a nd , whe re ap p ro p r i ate , re p l ac e me n t te s ts , a
su ffi c i e n t nu m b e r o f add i tio n a l s tud s s ho u l d b e p ro v ide d o n the te s t p i e c e . T he fo l l o w i n g e x a m i n atio n s
a n d te s ts s h a l l b e p e r fo r me d :
a) v i s u a l e xa m i n ati o n (a l l s tud s) ;
b) b e n d te s ti n g (fi ve s tud s) ;
c) m ac ro e x a m i n ati o n s o f t wo di ffe re n t s tud s (o ff- s e t by 90° th ro u gh the c e ntre o f the s tud ) , on ly
ap p l ic ab l e to s tud s >1 2 mm.
NO TE Fo r s ho r t- c yc l e d r aw n- a r c s tud we l d i n g , m ac r o e x a m i n ati o n s can be r e p l ac e d by to r q ue te s t s (fi ve
s tu d s) .
T he e x a m i n atio n s a nd te s ti n g a re p e r fo r me d a nd e va l u ate d in ac c o rd a nc e w i th C l au s e 11 . T he re s u l t s
o f the p ro duc tio n te s t s h a l l b e do c u me n te d (s e e A n ne x F ) .
1 4.2 .3 Production test for capacitor discharge stud welding with tip ignition and capacitor
discharge drawn-arc stud welding
At le a s t 10 s tud s shal l be we l de d . Fo r s e t ti n g- up te s ts a nd , whe re ap p ro p r i ate , re p l ac e me n t te s ts , a
su ffi c i e n t nu m b e r o f add i tio n a l s tud s s ho u l d b e p ro v ide d o n the te s t p i e c e . T he fo l l o w i n g e x a m i n atio n s
a n d te s ts s h a l l b e p e r fo r me d :
b) te n s i l e te s ti n g (th re e s tud s) ;
c) b e n d te s ti n g (fi ve s tud s) .
T he e x a m i n atio n a nd te s ts a re p e r fo r me d a nd e va l u ate d in ac c o rd a nc e w i th C l au s e 11 . T he re s u l ts of
the p ro duc ti o n te s t s h a l l b e do c u me nte d (s e e A n ne x G ) .
14.3 Simplified production test

S i mp l i fi e d p ro duc tio n te s t s shall be p er fo r me d by the m a nu fac tu re r be fo re the s ta r t o f e ac h shi ft.
T he y c a n a l s o b e re que s te d a fte r a c e r ta i n nu m b e r o f we l d s , b y the ap p l ic ati o n s ta nd a rd r u l e s o r i n the
s p e c i fic atio n .
T he p u r p o s e o f the s i mp l i fi e d p ro duc tio n te s t i s to c he c k th at the e qu i p me nt i s c o r re c tl y s e t up , a nd th at
i t i s o p e rati n g c o r re c tl y. T h re e s tud s s h a l l b e we l de d . T he s i mp l i fi e d p ro duc tio n te s t s c o mp r i s e at l e a s t
the fo l l o w i n g te s t a nd e x a m i n atio n :
b) b e n d te s ti n g (a l l s tud s) .
T he e x a m i n atio n a n d te s t a re p e r fo r me d a n d e va l u ate d i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th C l au s e 1 1 . T he re s u l t s o f the
s i mp l i fi e d p ro duc tio n te s t s h a l l b e do c u me n te d .
14.4 Re-testing for production test or simplified production test

I f o ne o f the s tud s do e s no t me e t the re qu i re m e nt s , t wo add i tio n a l s tud s o f the s a me t y p e c a n b e ta ke n
fro m the a s s o c i ate d te s t p i e c e . I f th i s i s no t p o s s i b l e , s i m i l a r s tud s s h a l l b e add i tio n a l l y we l de d .
NO TE T h i s ne c e s s i t ate s th at a s u ffi c i e n t qu a n ti t y o f r e p l ac e m e n t s p e c i me n s b e p r o v i de d i n a p r o duc ti o n te s t .
I f o ne o f the add i tio n a l s tud s do e s no t s ati s fy the re qu i re m e nt s , c o r re c ti ve ac tio n (s e e 14 .7 ) shall be
ta ke n a nd the p ro duc tio n te s t s h a l l b e re p e ate d .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
1 4.5 Production surveillance
1 4.5 .1 Visual examination
Vi s u a l e x a m i n atio n i s ge ne ra l l y s u ffi c i e nt fo r p ro duc ti o n s u r ve i l l a nc e a nd s h a l l c o ve r a l l we l d s .
1 4.5 .2 Checking the welding parameters
T he re l e va nt we l d i n g p a ra me te r s s h a l l b e c he c ke d re g u l a rl y.
NO TE T h e y c a n b e m o n i to r e d b y s u i ta b l e e qu i p m e n t.
1 4.5 .3 Other examinations and tests
I f s p e c i fie d in the ap p l ic atio n s t a nd a rd or by a g re e me n t b e t we e n the c o n trac ti n g p a r tie s , no n-
de s tr uc ti ve te s ti n g m ay b e adde d to p ro duc tio n s u r ve i l l a nc e . S u i tab l e te c h n ique s a re the fo l l o w i n g:
a) c he c ki n g the l e n g th o f the s tud s a fte r we l d i n g ;
b) te n s i l e te s t, b e nd te s t, to rque te s t w i th s tre s s va l ue s b e l o w the e l a s tic l i m i t.
1 4 . 5 . 4 P ro d u c ti o n s u r ve i l l a n c e fo r d rawn - a rc s tu d we l d i n g w i th c e ra m i c f
e r r u l e w i th
q u a l i fi c a ti o n a c c o rd i n g to 1 0.3 .2
A b e n d te s t (1 5 ° ) shall b e p er fo r me d o n the g re ate r o f5 % o r at l e a s t o n t wo s tud s o n e ac h b e a m . T he
fo l l o w i n g e x a m i n atio n s a nd te s ts s h a l l b e p e r fo r me d o n a l l s tud s :
a) v i s u a l e x a m i n atio n ac c o rd i n g to 1 1 . 2 ;
b) r i n g te s t ac c o rd i n g to 1 1 . 8 .
1 4.6 Production surveillance record
T he m a nu fac tu re r ke e p s a p ro duc tio n s u r ve i l l a nc e re c o rd , wh ic h c o n ta i n s the re s u l ts o f the p ro duc ti o n
te s t, s i mp l i fie d p ro duc tio n te s t a nd p ro duc tio n s u r ve i l l a nc e . T he m a nu fac tu re r shal l ke e p a di ffe re n t

re c o rd fo r e ac h s tud- we l d i n g p ro c e s s a nd the re c o rd s h a l l b e ke p t ava i l ab l e , w i th the re s u l ts o f a l l te s ts
re c o rde d . A n ne x H i s a n e x a mp l e fo r m a nd s ho u l d b e u s e d , whe re ap p ro p r i ate .
1 4 . 7 N o n - c o n f o r m a n c e a n d c o r r e c ti ve a c ti o n s
I f the re is an i nd i c ati o n o f no n- c o n fo r m i n g we l d i n g , e . g. p o ro s i t y, co l l a r no t c o mp l e te or u ne qu a l ,
u n ac c e p tab l e r i n g te s t o r i f the l e n g th o f o ne s tud i s o u ts ide the s p e c i fi c ati o n , a b e nd te s t (1 5 ° ) o r te n s i l e
te s t ( l i m i te d to the de s i g n s tre n g th) s ha l l b e p er fo r me d o n th at s tud . I f the s tud we l d fa i l s to s ati s fy the
re qu i re me nt s in th i s te s t, th re e we l d s m ade b e fo re a nd , whe re ap p ro p r i ate , a fte r the de fe c ti ve we l d
s h a l l a l s o b e s u b j e c te d to b e nd o r te n s i l e te s ti n g.
I f o ne o f the s e s tud s a l s o fa i l s to s ati s fy the re qu i re me n ts i n the te s t, ap p ro p r i ate te s ti n g s h a l l b e c a r r ie d
o u t o n a l l s tud s o n the s a m e wo rk p i e c e .
C o r re c ti ve ac ti o n s s h a l l b e ta ke n fo r a l l no n- c o n fo r m i n g s tud we l d s , e i the r b y re m o va l o f the de fe c ti ve

s tud , whe re ne c e s s a r y, a nd re p e at s tud we l d i n g , o r b y re p a i r we l d i n g w i th a s u i tab l e we l d i n g p ro c e s s . I n
i s o l ate d c a s e s , s tud- we l d i n g p ro c e s s e s m ay b e re p l ac e d b y o the r s u i t ab l e we l d i n g p ro c e s s e s . D e p e nd i n g
o n the s tud d i a me te r, a fi l l e t we l d s h a l l re ac h the c a l c u l ate d th ro at.
NO TE S o m e ti m e s de fe c ti ve s t ud s d o n o t n e e d to b e r e m o ve d , b u t c a n b e r e i n fo r c e d b y e x tr a s tu d s .
A l te r n ati ve we l d i n g p ro c e du re s shall be qu a l i fie d in ac c o rd a nc e w i th ISO 1 5 61 3 , a nd we l de r s shal l be
qu a l i fi e d i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th I S O 9 6 0 6 -1 o r I S O 9 6 0 6 -2 .
A l l re p a i re d o r re p l ac e d s tud s s h a l l b e te s te d i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th the s p e c i fic atio n s .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
In addition, steps shall be taken to ensure that factors adversely a ffecting the stud welding are identified
a n d c o mp e n s ate d .
1 4.8 Calibration of the measuring and testing equipment
In the case o f comprehensive quality requirements in accordance with ISO 3834-2, the manu facturer
s h a l l b e re s p o n s i b l e fo r the ap p ro p r i ate c a l i b r ati o n o f i n s p e c ti o n , me a s u r i n g a nd te s ti n g e qu ip me n t. A l l
equipment shall be suitably controlled and shall be calibrated at specified intervals (see ISO 17662). See
a l s o A n ne x B .
NOTE In the case o f drawn-arc stud-welding processes, this applies particularly to current intensity and
we l d i n g ti me m e a s u r e m e n t
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Annex A
(i n fo rm ative )
Processing of stud welding
A.1 General
T h i s a n ne x g i ve s ge ne ra l g u id a nc e fo r the s ati s fac to r y p ro duc tio n a nd c o n tro l o f s tud we l d i n g.
In s tud we l d i n g , an a rc is b r ie fl y s tr uc k b e t we e n the fac e o f the s tud a nd the wo rk p ie c e ; b o th p a r ts
s ta r t to me l t a n d a re the n j o i ne d . D e p e n d i n g o n the n atu re o f the i g n i tio n m e tho d , a d i s ti nc tio n i s m ade
b e t we e n d r aw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g a nd s tud we l d i n g w i th tip i g n i tio n . E ac h me tho d re qu i re s s u i t ab l e
p o we r s up p l ie s , ac tu ati n g de v i c e s , s tud s a nd ac c e s s o r i e s (e . g. c e r a m ic fe r r u l e s) . A fe atu re of s tud
we l d i n g is the ve r y s ho r t a rc burn ti me (ap p ro x i m ate l y 0,5 ms to 3 000 m s) a nd the a s s o c i ate d h i gh
r ate o f he ati n g a nd c o o l i n g. N o r m a l l y, the d i a me te r o f the s tud can ra n ge up to 10 mm fo r tip i g n i ti o n
we l d i n g , a n d up to 2 5 m m fo r d raw n- a rc we l d i n g.
A.2 Welding processes
A . 2 . 1 D raw n - a rc s tu d we l d i n g
A.2 .1 .1 General
D r aw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g can be do ne me c h a n ic a l l y or au to m atic a l l y, us ing we l d i n g gun or we l d i n g
he ad s . T he s tud i s i n s e r te d i nto the s tud ho l de r a nd (fi t te d w i th a c e r a m ic fe r r u l e , i f ne c e s s a r y) ap p l ie d
to the wo rk p ie ce . At the b egi n n i ng o f the we l d i n g p ro c e s s , the s tud is li fte d by the me ch a n i s m a nd ,
no r m a l l y, fi r s t a p i l o t a rc , the n the m a i n a rc , a re s tr uc k b e t we e n the ti p o f the s tud a nd the wo rk p i e c e .
T h i s c au s e s the fac e o f the s tud a nd the p a re n t m ate r i a l to me l t. W he n the we l d i n g ti me h a s e l ap s e d , the
s tud is p l u n ge d w i th l i t tl e fo rc e (< 1 0 0 N) i n to the m o l te n po ol, a nd the c u r re n t s o u rc e is s w i tc he d o ff.
T he c e ra m i c fe r r u l e i s the n re mo ve d . F i g u re A . 1 s ho ws the s e que nc e o f e ve n ts u s i n g a c e ra m i c fe r r u l e .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Key
L l i ft
P p ro tru s i o n
X ti m e
Y cu rre n t
Z s tu d m o ve m e n t
Figure A.1 — Stud movement in drawn-arc stud welding
A.2.1.2 Methods o f drawn-arc stud-welding processes

A d i s ti nc tio n i s m ade b e t we e n th re e m e tho d s o f we l d i n g p ro c e s s e s (s e e Tab l e A . 1) .
a) Drawn-arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas (783) . This we l d i n g p ro c e s s is
ge ne ra l l y u s e d in the 3 mm to 25 mm d i a me te r ra n ge , w i th we l d i n g ti me s o f 10 0 ms to 3 000 ms .
It is us ual ly c a r r ie d out w i th a c e ra m ic fe r r u l e or s h ie l d i n g ga s , or w i th b o th , or in s pecial cases
w i tho u t p o o l p ro te c ti o n . T h i s me tho d i s u s e d fo r the m aj o r i t y o f ap p l ic ati o n s . T he m i n i mu m p a re n t
m ate r i a l th i c kne s s i s 0 , 2 5 d fo r C F a nd 0 ,1 2 5 d fo r S G , b u t no t l e s s th a n 1 m m .
b) Short-cycle drawn-arc stud welding (784) . A we l d i n g ti m e o f ≤10 0 ms is used. This va r i a n t
is s u i tab l e fo r s tud d i a me te r s up to 12 mm, but fo r the ra n ge b e t we e n ap p ro x i m ate l y 8 mm a nd
12 mm, s tud d i a m e te r s h ield i ng ga s s ho u l d be used to p re ve nt i nc re a s e d p o re fo r m atio n . Fo r
a lu m i n iu m , s h i e l d i n g ga s s h a l l b e u s e d . T he fu s io n z o ne i s n a r ro w a nd the the r m a l i np u t mo de s t, s o
th at s tud s up to 1 2 m m d i a me te r c a n b e we l de d to th i n p a re n t m ate r i a l s . Fo r d i a me te r s up to 9 m m
d i a me te r a nd w i th s te e l , the o p e rati o n i s fre que n tl y c a r r ie d o u t w i tho u t p ro te c tio n o f the we l d p o o l
a nd c a l l s fo r s tud s w i th a n up s e t fl a n ge , a s the s e a ffo rd a l a r ge r we l d a re a th a n the p l a i n s tud- s h a ft

d i a me te r a nd thu s re ac h a h i ghe r te n s i l e fo rc e th a n the s tud s h a ft, de s p i te p o re s i n the we l d z o ne .
T he m i n i mu m p a re n t m ate r i a l th ic kne s s i s 0 ,1 2 5 d , b u t no t l e s s th a n 0 , 6 m m .
c) Capacitor discharge drawn-arc stud welding (785) . Ve r y s ho r t we l d i n g ti me (< 1 0 m s) can be
ac h ie ve d b y u s i n g a c ap ac i to r d i s c h a r ge p o we r s o u rc e . T he d i a me te r ra n ge i s 3 m m to 1 0 mm. T he
m i n i mu m p a re nt m ate r i a l th ic kne s s is 0 ,1 d
, b u t no t l e s s th a n ap p ro x i m ate l y 0 , 5 mm. T he we l d i n g
p ro c e s s is s i m i l a r to the s ho r t- c yc l e d raw n- a rc s tud- we l d i n g p ro c e s s , b u t the p e a k c u r re n t c a n be
up to 4 0 0 0 A .
T he wo rki n g ra n ge o f the va r io u s d raw n- a rc s tud- we l d i n g p ro c e s s e s i s g i ve n i n Tab l e A .1 .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
T a b l e A . 1 — Wo r k i n g r a n g e o f t h e v a r i o u s d r a w n - a r c s t u d - we l d i n g p r o c e s s e s
Welding
Welding Current
M inimum parent
Welding time intensity Weld pool
d i a m e t e r,
t d and welding metal thickness

I
w
,
processes a w
protection
positions b mm
ms A
mm
3 to 2 5 PA
D r aw n - a r c s tu d
0, 25 d , b ut no t le s s
>1 0 0 3 to 2 0 PE 3 0 0 to 3 0 0 0 CF
c
th a n 1 m m
we l d i n g w i th
3 to 1 6 P C
c e r a m i c fe r r u l e o r
s h ie ld i ng ga s (7 8 3 ) 3 to 1 6 PA
0 ,1 2 5 d , b ut no t le s s
>1 0 0 3 0 0 to 2 0 0 0 SG
c
th a n 1 m m
3 to 8 P C
Short-cycle drawn-
3 to 1 2 , a l l we l d i n g 0 ,1 2 5 d , b ut no t le s s
a r c s t u d we l d i n g <10 0 U p to 1 8 0 0 N P, S G
c
p o s i ti o n s th a n 0 , 6 m m
( 7 8 4)
d
C ap ac i to r
0 ,1 , b ut no t le s s
than approximately
d i s c h a r ge d r aw n- 3 to 1 0 , a l l we l d i n g U p to 4 0 0 0
<10 N P, (S G )
a r c s t u d we l d i n g p o s i ti o n s ( p e a k)
0, 5 mm
(78 5 )
a
I n acco rd a nce w i th I S O 4 0 6 3 .
b
I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h I S O 6 9 47.
c
T he m i n i mu m p a rent m a te r i a l th ickne s s a vo i d s the risk of burning th ro u gh the p a rent m a te r i a l . O the r ap p l i c a t i o n
requirements may call for greater thicknesses.
When the high-power welding process (narrow melt zone), short-cycle welding process or the capacitor
d i s c h a rge p ro c e s s is used, the s tud tip s shal l be m atc he d to the fu s io n p e ne tratio n s h ap e in the wo rk
piece and made flatter (e.g. 166° cone angle).
A.2 .1 .3 Weld pool protection
A d i s ti nc ti o n i s m ade b e t we e n d i ffe re nt te c h n i que s o n the b a s i s o f we l d p o o l p ro te c ti o n .
a) Ceramic ferrule (CF ) . T he c e ra m ic fe r r u l e h a s s e ve ra l fu nc tio n s :
— protection o f the weld pool by creation o f metal vapour in the burning chamber at su fficient current
intensity;
— c o nc e ntratio n a nd s t ab i l i z atio n o f the a rc , thu s re duc i n g a rc b l o w;
— mo u l d i n g o f the d i s p l ac e d we l d p o o l to a we l d c o l l a r a nd s up p o r ti n g o f the we l d p o o l .
F u r the r mo re , i t s h ie l d s the o p e rato r fro m b o th a rc a nd s p at te r. T he c e ra m ic fe r r u l e i s u s e d fo r o ne we l d
only and is removed once the molten metal has solidified.

b) Shielding gas (SG) . In s tud we l d i n g w i th s h i e l d i n g ga s , the atmo s p he re is d i s p l ac e d fro m the a rc
region by a shielding gas supplied from outside, which greatly reduces the formation o f pores. For
steels and most other metals, a mixture o f argon and carbon dioxide (ISO 14175-M21) is widely
used. For aluminium and its alloys, pure argon Ar 99,99 (ISO 14175-I1) or Argon-Helium mixtures
(ISO 14175-I3) are widely used.
The shielding gas influences the arc and a ffects the fusion o f the stud and work piece. It also
influences the shaping o f the weld collar and the penetration shape, via the sur face tension. A
fu nd a me n ta l p r i nc ip l e is th at the we l d i n g p o s i ti o n PA , in ac c o rd a nc e w i th ISO 6 9 47, s ho u l d be
p re fe r re d fo r we l d i n g ti me >1 0 0 m s . A n add i tio n a l c e ra m i c fe r r u l e c a n a l s o b e u s e d to i mp ro ve the
s h ap e o f the c o l l a r a nd re s tr ic t the a rc to the i m me d i ate a re a o f the wo rk p ie c e .
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ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
c) No protection (NP) . S tud we l d i n g w i tho u t p ro te c ti o n i s p o s s i b l e o n l y fo r s m a l l we l d i n g d i a me te r s
(< 1 0 m m) a nd w i th s ho r t we l d i n g ti me s (< 1 0 0 m s) . A mo n g the d rawb ac ks o f th i s me tho d a re s e ve re
o x id ati o n o f the we l d z o ne , i nc re a s e d p o re fo r m atio n a nd a n i r re g u l a r we l d c o l l a r.
A.2 .2 Capacitor discharge stud welding with tip ignition (786)
T he t wo te c h n i que s fo r c ap ac i to r d i s c h a rge s t ud we l d i n g w i th tip i g n i tio n a re w i th c o n t ac t o r w i th gap .
Table A. 2 — Characteristics for capacitor discharge stud welding with tip ignition
C haracteris tic
Peak
Welding current Welding Spring Plunging
Method Welding diameter time force speed Typical
Ignition
process a d ≈
≈ ≈ ≈ application
I
w
mm ms N m/s
We l d i n g o f
(u n a l l o ye d
6 0 to 1 0 0 a nd
C o n t ac t dep end i n g A l ways a l l o ye d )

78 6 0 , 8 to 1 0 10 0 0 0 2 to 1 0 0 , 5 to 0 , 7
me th o d o n p i s to n co r re c t s te e l ,
mas s ga l va n i z e d
or oi ly
s u r fac e s
M o s tl y
0 , 5 to 1
0 , 8 to 1 0 c o r r e c t, We l d i n g o f
G ap (a l u m i n i -
78 6 (a l u m i n i u m 15 000 0 , 5 to 3 4 0 to 6 0 ad va n c e d a lu m i n iu m
m e tho d um
up to 6 ) i g n i ti o n a nd bra s s
1 u p to 1 , 5 )
p o s s ib le
a
I n ac c o r d a n c e w i t h I S O 4 0 6 3 .
I n we l d i n g w i th c o n t ac t, the s tud i s i n s e r te d i n to the s tud ho l de r o f the m ac h i ne [s e e F i g u re A . 2 a) ] a nd
p o s i ti o ne d w i th i ts i g n i tio n ti p d i re c tl y o n the s u r fac e o f the c o mp o ne n t [s e e F i g u re A . 2 b) ] . A s p r i n g i n
the we l d i n g g u n p re s s e s the s tud a ga i n s t the me ta l . O nc e the c ap ac i to r p o we r h a s b e e n s w i tc he d o n , the
i g n i tio n tip ab r up tl y e x p l o de s a n d vap o r i z e s p a r ti a l l y, a n d the a rc i s ge ne r ate d [s e e F i g u re A . 2 c) ] . T he
s tud i s ad va nc e d s ti l l fu r the r to wa rd s the p a re nt m ate r i a l a n d fi n a l l y re m a i n s i n the s o l id i fi e d me l t [s e e
F i g u re A . 2 d ) ] . T he we l d i n g ti me i s ≤ 3 ms .
T he d i ffe re nc e b e t we e n we l d i n g w i th gap a nd the te c h n ique de s c r ib e d ab o ve is th at, b e fo re we l d i n g
b e g i n s , the s tud i s he l d at a de fi ne d , adj u s tab l e d i s ta nc e fro m the wo rk p i e c e [s e e F i g u re A . 2 a) ] .
W he n the c ap ac i to r b a n k i s s w i tc he d on, the s tud i s s p e e de d up to wa rd s the s u r fac e o f the me t a l , a nd
the we l d i n g p ro c e s s c o nti nue s a s de s c r i b e d ab o ve [s e e F i g u re A . 2 b) , c) a nd d ) ] . A we l d i n g ti m e o f ab o u t
1 m s m a ke s i t p o s s i b l e , a mo n g o the r th i n gs , to we l d a l u m i n iu m a nd i ts a l l o ys w i tho u t ga s s h i e l d i n g.
T he re c o m me nde d p a re n t m ate r i a l th ic kne s s s ho u l d b e ≥ 0 ,1 d b u t no t l e s s th a n ap p ro x i m ate l y 0 , 5 m m .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
a) b) c) d)
Figure A. 2 — C ap acitor discharge s tud welding with tip ignition — M ain phases of the
welding pro cess
A.2 .3 Parent materials
A.2 .3 .1 General
T he b r ie f a rc e ffe c t i n i ti ate s me l ti n g o f b o th s tud a n d p a re n t m ate r i a l , a n d the mo l te n me t a l s i nte r m i x a s
the j o i nt i s fo r m e d . T h i s p he no me no n d i ffe r s i n the va r io u s s tud- we l d i n g p ro c e s s e s . G e ne ra l l y s p e a ki n g ,
mo re s tud m ate r i a l me l t s th a n p a re n t m ate r i a l . T he we l d a re a o n the p a re n t m ate r i a l is u s u a l l y l a r ge r
th a n the c ro s s - s e c tio n o f the s tud . T he s tre n g th a nd de fo r m atio n p ro p e r ti e s at the tra n s i tio n fro m we l d
to s tud s h a l l the re fo re b e i nve s ti gate d w i th s p e c i a l at te n ti o n . T he s u r fac e o f the p a re n t m ate r i a l s ho u l d
be cle a n . L aye r s o f p a i n t, r u s t, s c a le , g re a s e a nd c o ati n gs o f no n- we l d ab l e me t a l s s ho u l d be re mo ve d
fro m the we l d l o c atio n . This can be do ne m e c h a n ic a l l y o r c he m ic a l l y. P a re n t m ate r i a l s w i th s c a le a nd
r u s t l aye r s s h a l l b e tho ro u gh l y g ro u n d o ff. T he s u r fac e p re p a ratio n s h a l l b e s p e c i fie d i n the W P S . W he re
we l d i n g ti m e s a re s ho r t (< 5 0 m s) , the s u r fac e s ho u l d b e c l e a ne d w i th p a r tic u l a r c a re .
A.2.3.2 Parent material for drawn-arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas and
short-cycle drawn-arc stud welding
P a re n t m ate r i a l s fo r th i s t y p e o f s tud we l d i n g a re tho s e l i s te d i n Tab l e A . 3 .
T he use o f o the r s te e l g r ade s a nd o the r m ate r i a l s s uc h as l e ad- fre e b ra s s fo r d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g ,
c a n a l s o b e p e r m i t te d . I n s uc h c a s e s , add i tio n a l o r o the r te s ts , a s de s c r i b e d i n C l au s e 1 1 , c a n b e re qu i re d .
A.2.3.3 Parent material for capacitor discharge drawn-arc stud welding and capacitor
discharge stud welding with tip ignition
P a re n t m ate r i a l s fo r th i s t y p e o f s tud we l d i n g a re tho s e l i s te d i n Tab l e A . 4 .
T he u s e o f o the r m ate r i a l s i s a l s o p e r m i t te d . I n s uc h c a s e s , a l te r n ati ve o r add i ti o n a l te s ts , s uc h a s tho s e
de s c r i b e d i n C l au s e 1 1 , m ay b e re qu i re d .
A.2 .4 Studs
A.2 .4.1 Stud material
S tud m ate r i a l s a re l i s te d i n I S O 1 3 9 1 8 .
A.2 .4.2 Stud shapes
T he s tud s h ap e o u ts ide the we l d a re a c a n b e c ho s e n fre e l y. T he s h ap e o f the s tud tip d i ffe r s ac c o rd i n g to
we l d i n g p ro c e s s a nd m ate r i a l (s e e I S O 1 3 9 1 8 ) .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
A.2 .5 Combinations of stud material and parent material
T he we l d ab i l i t y o f the va r io u s m ate r i a l s , as we l l as the re c o m me nde d c o m b i n atio n s o f s tud m ate r i a l
a n d p a re n t m ate r i a l , de p e n d s o n the p ro c e s s o f s tud we l d i n g. T he c o m b i n atio n s a re s ho w n i n Tab l e s A . 3
a nd A . 4.
O the r c o mb i n ati o n s can be we l de d , b ut the we l d ab i l i t y s ho u l d be a s s u re d by we l d i n g p ro c e du re
qu a l i fic atio n .
Table A.3 — Weldability o f typical combinations o f stud and parent materials for drawn-arc
stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas and short-cycle drawn-arc stud welding
Parent material
I SO/TR 15 60 8
I SO/TR 15 60 8 I SO/TR 15 60 8 I SO/TR 15 60 8
Stud material material
material groups material groups material groups
groups
2.2, 3 to 6 8 and 10 21 and 2 2
1 and 2 .1
S2 3 5 h i gh l y we l d ab l e
we l d ab l e w i th i n we l d ab l e w i th i n
4 . 8 (we l d ab l e) fo r a ny
b b, c
n o t we l d ab l e
l i m i ts l i m i ts
a
16M o 3 ap p l i c a ti o n
1 . 4742 / X1 0 C rA l1 8 we l d ab l e w i th i n we l d ab l e w i th i n we l d ab l e w i th i n
n o t we l d ab l e
d d d
1 . 476 2 / X1 0 C rA l 2 4 l i m i ts l i m its l i m its
1 . 4 8 2 8/ X1 5 C rN i S i 2 0 we l d ab l e w i th i n we l d ab l e w i th i n we l d ab l e w i th i n
n o t we l d ab l e
b b b
1 . 4 8 41 / X 2 0 C rN i S i 2 5 - 4 l i m its l i m i ts l i m i ts
1 . 43 0 1 / X 5 C rN i1 8 -1 0 we l d ab l e w i th i n
b
1 . 43 0 3 / X 5 C rN i1 8 -1 2 l i m its
1 . 4 4 0 1 / X 5 C rN i M o1 7-1 2 -2 / we l d ab l e w i th i n h i gh l y we l d ab l e fo r
n o t we l d ab l e
b a
1 . 45 2 9/ X1 N i C rM o C u N 2 5 -2 0 -7 h i g h l y we l d a b l e l i m i ts a n y ap p l i c a ti o n
1 . 45 41 / X6 C rN i T i1 8 -1 0 fo r a ny
a, e
1 . 45 7 1 / X 5 C rN i M oT i1 7-1 2 -2 ap p l i c a ti o n
E N AW- A l M g3/ E N AW- 5 7 5 4 we l d ab l e w i th i n

n o t we l d ab l e n o t we l d a b l e n o t we l d a b l e
b
E N AW- A l M g5/ E N AW- 5 0 1 9 l i m its
a
Fo r e x a m p l e , fo r fo r c e t r a n s fe r.
b
Fo r fo r c e t r a n s fe r.
c
Only fo r s h o r t- c yc l e d r a w n - a r c s t u d we l d i n g .
d
Only fo r he at tra n s fe r.
e
U p to 1 2 m m i n d i a m e te r.
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Table A.4 — Weldability of typical combinations of stud and parent materials for capacitor
d i s c h a r g e s t u d we l d i n g w i t h t i p i g n i t i o n a n d f o r c a p a c i t o r d i s c h a r g e d r a w n - a r c s t u d we l d i n g
Parent material
I SO/TR 15 60 8
material groups
Copper and lead
I SO/TR 15 60 8
1 t o 6 , 1 1 . 1 a n d
I SO/TR 15 60 8 galvanized and I SO/TR 15 60 8 free copper

Stud material material
material groups metal coated material group
groups
a l l o y s , e . g .
8 CuZn3 7
21 and 2 2
1 t o 6 , 1 1 . 1 s t e e l s h e e t ,
ma ximum (C W5 0 8L)
thickness
2 5 µm of coating
highly weldable highly weldable

for any for any
S2 3 5 we l d ab l e w i th i n we l d ab l e w i th i n
no t we l d ab l e
b b
4 . 8 (we l d a b l e) l i m i ts l i m its
a a
ap p l i c ati o n ap p l i c ati o n
highly weldable
highly weldable for
for any
1 . 43 0 1 we l d ab l e w i th i n we l d ab l e w i th i n
any application
no t we l d ab l e
a b b
1 . 43 0 3 l i m i ts l i m its
a
ap p l i c ati o n
highly weldable
CuZn3 7
for any
(n o I S O we l d ab l e w i th i n we l d ab l e w i th i n we l d ab l e w i th i n
no t we l d ab l e
b b b
s ta nd a rd l i m its l i m i ts l i m i ts
a
ap p l i c a ti o n
ava i l ab l e)
we l d ab l e w i th i n
E N AW- A l 9 9 , 5 n o t we l d ab l e n o t we l d a b l e n o t we l d ab l e no t we l d ab l e
b
l i m its
highly weldable
E N AW- A l M g3 no t we l d ab l e n o t we l d a b l e n o t we l d a b l e n o t we l d ab l e for any
a
ap p l i c ati o n
a
Fo r e x a m p l e , fo r fo r c e t r a n s fe r.
b
Fo r fo r c e t r a n s fe r.
A.2 .6 Weld assessment and recommended corrective actions
We l d a s s e s s me nt a n d re c o m me n de d c o r re c ti ve ac ti o n s a re s ho w n i n Tab l e s A . 5 , A . 6 , A . 7 a n d A . 8 .
T a b l e A . 5 — We l d a s s e s s m e n t a n d r e c o m m e n d e d c o r r e c t i ve a c t i o n s f o r d r a w n - a r c s t u d we l d i n g
with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas
Recommended corrective
No. Appearance Assessment
actions
Visual examination or macro cut
1 C o l l a r re g u l a r, b r i ght a nd co mp le te . Ac c e p ta b l e ( p a r a me te r s a r e N o ne .
L e n g th a fte r we ld w i th i n to le ra nce s . c o r r e c t) .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Table A. 5 (continued)
actions
2 Re d u c e d d i a m e te r we l d . L e n g th Insu ffi c i e n t p r o tr u s i o n ( p l u n ge) I n c r e a s e p r o t r u s i o n ( p l u n ge)
to o l o n g. o r l i ft . o r l i ft .
Insu ffi c i e n t c e n tr i n g. C he ck centr i n g o f ce ra m ic fer r u le .
We l d i n g p o we r to o h i g h . Re d uc e c u r r e n t a n d/o r we l d i n g
ti m e .
D a m p i n g ac ti v i t y to o s tr o n g.
Re d uc e d a mp i n g ac ti v i t y.
3 Re du c e d , i r r e g u l a r a n d g r e y i s h We l d p o we r to o l o w. I n c r e a s e c u r r e n t a n d /o r we l d -
c o l l a r. L e n g th to o l o n g. i n g ti me .
C e r a m i c fe r r u l e i s mo i s t .
Us e d r y fe r r u l e s o n l y.
L i ft to o s ho r t .
I n c r e a s e l i ft .
4 C o l l a r o ff- c e n tr e w i th u n ac c e p t ab l e E ffe c t o f a r c b l o w. S e e Tab l e A . 8 .
u n de r c u t (s e e 1 2 . 6 ) .
C era m ic fe r r u l e i n c o r r e c tl y I m p r o ve c e n tr i n g.
c e n tr e d .
5 C o l l a r he i gh t e x tr e m e l y r e duc e d , We l d p o we r to o h i g h . Re d uc e c u r r e n t a n d/o r we l d i n g
b r i gh t, l a r ge l a te r a l p r o j e c ti o n s . ti m e .
P l u n ge r a te to o h i gh .
L e n g th a fte r we l d to o s h o r t. Adj u s t p l u n ge a n d/o r we l d i n g
g u n d a m p e r.
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
actions
Fracture examination
6 P l u g fa i l u r e i n p a r e n t m ate r i a l . Ac c e p ta b l e ( p a r a me te r s a r e N o ne .
c o r r e c t) .
7 F r ac tu r e a b o ve c o l l a r a fte r su ffi - Ac c e p ta b l e ( p a r a me te r s a r e N o ne .
c i e n t d e fo r m a ti o n . c o r r e c t) .
8 F r ac tu r e w i th i n th e we l d . We l d p o we r to o l o w. I n c r e a s e c u r r e n t a n d /o r we l d -
i n g ti me .
H i gh p o r o s i t y. U n c l e a n s u r fac e .
C l e a n th e s u r fac e .
M ate r i a l n o t s u i t ab l e fo r s t u d
we l d i n g. S e l e c t s u i t ab l e m ate r i a l .
9 F r ac tu r e i n H A Z . H a r de n i n g i n c r e a s e d . S e l e c t s u i t ab l e m ate r i a l .
Gre yi s h fr ac tu r e sur fac e w i th o u t C o o l i n g r a te to o h i gh . I nc r e a s e we l d i n g ti m e .
su ffi c i e n t d e fo r m a ti o n . P r e he ati n g m ay b e n e c e s s a r y.
10 F rac tu re o f we ld . B r i ght ap p e a ra nce . F l u x c o n te n t i s to o h i g h . Re du c e fl u x qu a n ti t y. I n c r e a s e
we l d i n g ti m e .
We l d i n g ti m e to o l o w.
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
actions
11 L a m e l l a r te a r i n g o f p a r e n t m ate r i a l . N o n- m e ta l l i c i n c l u s i o n s i n S e l e c t s u i ta b l e m a te r i a l .
p a r e n t m a te r i a l .
P a r e n t m a te r i a l n o t s u i ta b l e .
12 F r ac tu r e i n th e we l d a fte r C o l d p l u n ge ( p l u n g i n g s p e e d to o P r o v i d e h o t p l u n ge . Re du c e
insu ffi c i e n t de fo r m a ti o n l o w, d a mp i n g ac ti v i t y to o s tr o n g , d a mp i n g ac ti v i t y.
e x tr ao r d i n a r y fr i c ti o n …) .
L ac k o f fu s i o n i n th e b o r d e r a r e a .
13 B u r n th r o u gh We l d p o o l p e ne tr a te s p a r e n t I n c r e a s e p a r e n t m a te r i a l . th i c k-
m a te r i a l . ne s s .
Re du c e p o we r i n p u t (we l d i n g
ti m e) .
T a b l e A . 6 — We l d a s s e s s m e n t a n d r e c o m m e n d e d c o r r e c t i ve a c t i o n s f
o r s h o r t- c yc l e d r a w n - a r c
stud welding
actions
Visual examination or macro cut
1 Re g u l a r c o l l a r, no v i s u a l d e fe c ts . Ac c e p t ab l e ( p a r a m e te r s a r e N o ne .
c o r r e c t) .
2 P a r ti a l we l d . We l d p o we r to o l o w. I n c r e a s e c u r r e n t a n d /o r we l d -
i n g ti me .
Po l a r it y i nco r re c t.
C o r r e c t p o l a r i t y.
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Table A.6 (continued)
actions
3 L a r ge i r r e g u l a r c o l l a r. We l d i n g ti me to o l o n g. Re du c e we l d i n g ti m e .
4 P o r e s i n c o l l a r. We l d i n g ti me to o l o n g. Re du c e we l d i n g ti m e .
C u r r e n t to o l o w. I nc r e a s e c u r r e n t .
O x i d ati o n o f we l d p o o l . P r o v i de s u i tab l e s h i e l d i n g g a s .
S u r fac e c o n t a m i n ate d . C l e a n th e s u r fac e .
5 C o l l a r o ff- c e n tr e w i th u n ac c e p ta b l e E ffe c t o f a r c b l o w. S e e Tab l e A . 8 .
u n de r c u t (s e e 1 2 . 6 ) .
6 Te a r i n g o f p a r e n t m a te r i a l . Ac c e p ta b l e ( p a r a me te r s a r e N o ne .
c o r r e c t) .
7 F r ac tu r e a b o ve c o l l a r a fte r Ac c e p ta b l e ( p a r a me te r s a r e N o ne .
su ffi c i e n t d e fo r m a ti o n . c o r r e c t) .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
actions
8 F r ac tu r e i n H A Z . C a rb o n c o n te n t o f p a r e n t m ate r i - S e l e c t s u i ta b l e m a te r i a l .
a l to o h i g h .
P a r e n t m a te r i a l n o t s u i ta b l e .
9 L ac k o f p e ne tr a ti o n . H e a t i n p u t to o l o w. I n c r e a s e h e a t i n p u t.
I n c o r r e c t we l d p o l a r i t y. C o r r e c t we l d p o l a r i t y.
Table A.7 — Weld assessment and recommended corrective actions for capacitor discharge
d r a w n - a r c s t u d we l d i n g a n d c a p a c i t o r d i s c h a r g e s t u d we l d i n g w i t h t i p i g n i t i o n
No. Appearance of fracture Assessment
actions
Visual examination
1 S m a l l we l d s p at te r a r o u n d j o i n t . N o Ac c e p t ab l e ( p a r a m e te r s a r e N o ne .
v i s u a l de fe c t s . c o r r e c t) .
2 G ap b e t we e n fl a n ge a n d p a r e n t We l d p o we r to o l o w. I n c r e a s e we l d p o we r.
m a te r i a l .
P l u n g i n g s p e e d to o l o w. C o r re c t p lu ng i n g s p e e d .
Insu ffi c i e n t s u p p o r t o f p a r e n t P r o v i d e s u p p o r t.
m a te r i a l .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
No. Appearance of fracture Assessment
actions
3 C o n s i de r ab l e s p at te r a r o u n d we l d . We l d p o we r to o h i g h a n d/o r Re duc e we l d p o we r. I n c r e a s e
insu ffi c i e n t p l u n g i n g speed. p lu n gi n g s p e e d .
4 We l d s p a t te r o ff- c e n tr e w i th E ffe c t o f a rc b l o w. S e e Tab l e A . 8 .
u n d e r c u t.
5 Te a r i n g o f p a r e n t m a te r i a l . Ac c e p ta b l e ( p a r a me te r s a r e N o ne .
c o r r e c t) .
6 F r ac tu r e o f s tu d a b o ve fl a n ge . Ac c e p ta b l e ( p a r a me te r s a r e N o ne .
c o r r e c t) .
7 F r ac tu r e i n we l d . We l d p o we r to o l o w. I nc r e a s e we l d p o we r.
P l u n g i n g s p e e d to o l o w. I nc r e a s e p l u n g i n g s p e e d .
C o m b i n a ti o n s tu d/p a r e n t m ate - S e l e c t s u i t ab l e m ate r i a l .
r i a l u n s u i t ab l e .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Table A. 8 — Effect of arc blow and some possible remedies
No. C ause Remedy
NO TE A rc b low is p ro p o r ti o n a l to c u rrent i n te n s i t y a nd can be i n fluence d by s ym me tr ic a l l y a t t ac h i n g mass cl a mp s
a nd co mp e n s ati n g masses , or (i n the case o f h a nd we l d i n g guns w i th an e x te r n a l we l d i n g c a b l e) by tu r n i n g the we l d i n g
gun a ro u nd the ve r t i c a l a xis . A rc blow ge n e r a te s o ne - s i de d me l ti n g a nd can i nc re a s e the nu m b er of p ores in the we l d e d
m a te r i a l s , b u t i t c a n b e r e d u c e d b y s u i t a b l e a p p l i c a t i o n o f d i ffe r e n t r e m e d i e s .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
A . 2 . 7 D raw n - a rc s tu d we l d i n g wi th c e ra m i c fe r r u l e o r s h i e l d i n g ga s a n d s h o r t- c yc l e d raw n - a rc
stud welding
A.2 .7.1 Welding equipment
A.2 .7.1 .1 General
T he we l d i n g e qu ip me n t c o n s i s t s o f the p o we r s o u rc e , c o n tro l u n i t, mo vab l e fi x tu re a nd we l d i n g c ab l e s .
A.2 .7.1 .2 Power sources
Po we r s o u rc e s a re e i the r re c ti fie r s o r c o nve r te r s wh ic h s up p l y d i re c t c u r re n t a n d a re s u i tab l e fo r brie f,

h i gh l o ad s . T he m a x i mu m c u r re n t i nte n s i t y i n the case o f the l a r ge s t s ta n d a rd s tud s is ap p ro x i m ate l y
2 500 A. T he du t y c yc l e is 3 % to 10 %. This me a n s th at e ve n fo r h i gh c u r re nt s , s ys te m s a re re l ati ve l y
l i gh t a n d c o mp ac t. T he o p e n c i rc u i t vo l t a ge s ho u l d c o n fo r m to I E C 6 0 9 74 -1 .
NO TE It is i n te n d e d th a t the c u r rent i n te n s i t y be c o n ti nu o u s l y adj u s t ab l e o ve r the e n ti r e r a n ge . S ys te m s
i n c o r p o r ati n g c o n s t a n t c u r r e n t c o n tr o l a r e p a r ti c u l a rl y ad va n t a ge o u s .
A.2 .7.1 .3 Control unit
C o n tro l u n i ts s w i tc h the we l d i n g c u r re nt i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th the de s i re d we l d i n g ti me . T he y a l s o c o n tro l
the mo ve me n t o f the we l d i n g gun. T he p o we r s o u rc e a nd c o n tro l unit a re c o m b i ne d in mo s t s ys te m s
(c o mp ac t s ys te m s) .
A . 2 . 7 . 1 . 4 M o va b l e fi x tu r e s
M o vab l e fi x tu re s a re e i the r h a n d- he l d we l d i n g g u n s o r we l d i n g he ad s . We l d i n g he ad s a re p re fe rab l e fo r

au to m atic s tud fe e d a nd a re s e c u re l y c o n ne c te d to a fra me .
T he mo vab l e fi x tu re i nc o r p o rate s the fo l l o w i n g:
a) the d r i ve , to l i ft the s t ud fo r a rc s ta r ti n g a nd to ke e p the l i ft at a co n s ta nt l e n g th du r i n g the a rc
ti me , w i th re s p e c t to the s up p o r t fi x tu re ;
NO TE 1 I n m o s t c a s e s , th e d r i ve i s e l e c tr o m a g n e ti c .
b) a s p r i n g , to p l u n ge the s tud i nto the mo l te n p o o l a fte r the e nd o f the we l d i n g p e r io d;
c) o n s o me we l d i n g g u n s , a hyd rau l ic o r p ne u m ati c d a mp e r, to re duc e the p l u n ge s p e e d ;
NO TE 2 I n p a r ti c u l a r, a d a mp e r i s i n c o r p o r ate d whe n s tu d d i a m e te r s a r e i n e xc e s s o f 14 m m .
d) a c l a mp i n g fi x tu re , to ho l d the s tud i n the we l d i n g p o s i ti o n a n d to tra n s fe r the c u r re nt to the s tud ;
e) a s up p o r t fi x tu re , to ab s o rb the re ac tio n fo rc e o f the p re s s - o n fo rc e ;
NO TE 3 I n th e c a s e o f h a nd we l d i n g g u n s , th e s u p p o r t fi x tu r e c a n c e n tr e the c e r a m i c fe r r u l e o r a l l o w th e
s t ud to b e p o s i ti o n e d o n th e wo rk p i e c e (e . g. b y way o f s to p s o r te m p l a te s) . T h e s up p o r t c a n b e m ade e i the r
d i r e c tl y me c h a n i c a l l y, o r b y m e a n s o f e l e c tr o n i c c o n tr o l .
f) i n the c a s e o f we l d i n g he ad s fo r au to m atic fe e d , a fe e d c h a m b e r a n d a p o s i tio n i n g u n i t fo r the s tud .
NO TE 4 I n m o s t c a s e s , th e p o s i ti o n i n g u n i t i s p n e u m ati c .
C h a n g i n g c l a mp i n g fi x tu re s , a nd s o m e ti me s p a r ts , o f the s up p o r t fi x tu re e n ab l e s a mo vab l e fi x tu re to
b e u s e d fo r d i ffe re n t s tud d i m e n s io n s .
T he mo vab l e fi x tu re i s a p o we r to o l . T he ap p ro p r i ate s a fe t y re g u l atio n s s ho u l d the re fo re b e o b s e r ve d i n
o rde r to avo id h a z a rd s c o n ne c te d w i th e l e c tr ic a l vo l t a ge , he ati n g a nd a rc fo r m atio n .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
A.2 .7.1 .5 Welding cables
T he we l d i n g c ab l e s s h a l l c o n fo r m to ISO 5 82 8 a n d s h a l l b e d i m e n s io ne d s o th at i mp e r m i s s i b l e he ati n g
2
is avo ide d . 50 mm is re c o m me nde d fo r s tud s w i th a d i a me te r o f up to 12 mm. C ro s s - s e c tio n s o f at
2 2
le a s t 70 mm a re re c o m me nde d fo r s tud s o f up to 20 mm d i a me te r. C ro s s - s e c tio n s of 1 2 0 mm a re
re c o m me nde d fo r l a rge r s tud s . T he c ab l e a nd , in p a r ti c u l a r, all c o n ne c tio n p o i n ts s ho u l d be c he cke d
re g u l a rl y fo r d a m a ge . D a m a ge d s ys te m c o mp o ne n ts s h a l l b e re p l ac e d .
NO TE D ep end i ng o n th e typ e o f p o we r s o u r c e a nd th e l e n g th o f th e we l d i n g c ab l e , the c r o s s - s e c ti o n o f th e
we l d i n g c ab l e s i s i nc r e a s e d .
A.2 .7.2 Welding parameters
A.2 .7.2 .1 Polarity
W he n we l d i n g s te e l , the s t ud i s c o n ne c te d to the ne gati ve p o le a n d the wo rk p i e c e is c o n ne c te d to the
p o s i ti ve p o l e . O p p o s i te p o l a r i t y h a s p ro ve n s uc c e s s fu l fo r s p e c i a l me ta l s , e . g. a lu m i n iu m a n d i ts a l l o ys ,
a n d b ra s s .
A.2 .7.2 .2 Weld current setting
D e p e nd i n g o n the s tud d i me n s io n s , the we l d i n g c u r re n t i s s e t b e t we e n ap p ro x i m ate l y 3 0 0 A a n d 3 0 0 0 A .
Fo r d r aw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g w i th c e r a m i c fe r r u l e o r s h ie l d i n g ga s o f u n a l l o ye d s te e l , the c o r re c t c u r re n t
s e t ti n g c a n b e e s ti m ate d o n the b a s i s o f Fo r mu l ae (A . 1) a nd (A . 2 ) :
I (A) = 80 × d (m m) — fo r s tud s up to ap p ro x i m ate l y 1 6 m m d i a m e te r (A . 1)
I (A) = 90 × d (m m) — fo r s tud s o ve r 1 6 m m d i a me te r (A . 2 )
N o r m a l l y, a c u r re n t s e t ti n g ap p ro x i m ate l y 1 0 % l e s s i s s e l e c te d fo r s ta i n l e s s s te e l .
A c u r re nt a s h i gh as p o s s ib l e (6 0 0 A to 1 800 A, de p e nd i n g o n the size o f the p o we r s o u rc e) is s e t fo r
s ho r t- c yc l e d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g.
A.2 .7.2 .3 Arc voltage
T he a rc vo l ta ge is m a i n l y de te r m i ne d b y the li fti n g he i ght a nd the we l d i n g c u r re n t. Va l ue s o f b e t we e n

2 0 V a n d 4 0 V a re the no r m . S u r fac e i mp u r i tie s , s uc h a s o i l o r g re a s e , i nc re a s e the a rc vo l t a ge c o mp a re d
w i th the no r m a l s tate , wh i l e i ne r t ga s e s re duc e i t.
A.2 .7.2 .4 Welding time
Fo r d raw n- a rc s tud we l d i n g w i th c e ra m ic fe r r u l e o r s h ie l d i n g ga s , the we l d i n g ti me c a n b e e s ti m ate d o n
the b a s i s o f Fo r mu l ae (A . 3 ) a nd (A . 4) :
tw
(s) = 0,02 × d (m m) — fo r s tud s o f up to ap p ro x i m ate l y 1 2 m m d i a m e te r (A . 3 )
tw
(s) = 0,0 4 × d (m m) — fo r s tud s o ve r 1 2 m m d i a m e te r (A . 4)
T he g i ve n va l ue s ap p l y to we l d i n gs in the we l d i n g p o s i ti o n PA . T he we l d i n g ti m e shal l be re duc e d fo r

we l d i n g i n the we l d i n g p o s i ti o n P C i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th I S O 6 9 47.
In the case o f s ho r t- c yc l e s tud we l d i n g , the we l d i n g ti me is le s s th a n 10 0 ms . It de p e n d s no t on ly on
the s tud d i a me te r, b ut a l s o on the ava i l ab l e c u r re n t i n te n s i t y. T he we l d i n g ti me s ho u l d be as s ho r t a s
p o s s ib l e i n the c a s e o f we l d i n g w i tho u t we l d p o o l p ro te c ti o n .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
A.2 .7.2 .5 Lift
The li ft is between approximately 1,5 mm and 8 mm and is proportional to the stud diameter. In the
case o f c o ate d s u r fac e s (e . g. th ro u gh- de c k- we l d i n g te c h n ique) , the l i ft shal l be g re ate r th a n no r m a l .
Greater li ft increases the arc length and there fore the arc voltage. The magnetic deflection o f the arc
a l s o i nc re a s e s (a rc b l o w) .
A.2 .7.2 .6 Protrusion
Generally, the protrusion is 1 mm to 8 mm and proportional to the stud diameter. It also depends on the
de s i re d s h ap e o f the we l d c o l l a r, the s h ap e o f the s tud b a s e a n d (whe n we l d i n g w i th a c e r a m ic fe r r u l e)
the c o l l a r a re a o f the fe r r u l e .
A.2 .7.2 .7 Plunging speed
The plunging speed should be approximately 200 mm/s for studs with a diameter o f up to 14 mm
d i a me te r a n d 1 0 0 m m/s fo r l a rge r s tud s , s o as to p re ve n t the we l d p o o l s p l a s h i n g. It is p ro p o r tio n a l to
the protrusion in the case o f movable fixtures without dampers.
A.2.8 Capacitor discharge drawn-arc stud welding and capacitor discharge stud welding with
tip ignition
A.2 .8.1 Welding equipment
A.2 .8.1 .1 General
The welding equipment consists o f the power source, incorporating a charging unit, the movable fixture
a nd the we l d i n g c ab l e .
A.2 .8.1 .2 Power source
The power source incorporates a capacitor bank with capacitances o f between approximately 12 mF
and 150 mF. The capacitance is sometimes adjustable in steps. The charging voltages are up to
approximately 200 V and require a sa fety switch-o ff facility con forming to IEC 60974-1. In most cases,
the charging voltages are continuously adjustable.
D r aw n- a rc c ap ac i to r d i s c h a r ge p o we r s o u rc e s h ave a n add i tio n a l c o i l i n the we l d i n g c i rc u i t to p ro v i de
a we l d i n g ti me o f 6 m s to 1 0 m s .
The capacitor bank shall be charged to the desired voltage be fore every welding operation. The
maximum welding sequence depends on the charging speed. Approximately 500 studs per hour can
be we l de d w i th m a nu a l - o p e rate d p o we r s o u rc e s , a nd up to 3 500 s tud s p er ho u r can be we l de d in
au to m atic mo de .
A.2.8.1.3 Movable fixture

The movable fixtures are either hand welding guns or welding heads. Welding heads are pre ferable for
automatic stud feed and are securely connected to a frame. In the drawn-arc method, the arc is created
by li fting the stud. In the tip ignition method, the electromagnetic drive creates a gap between stud
material and parent material. The arc is ignited by contact o f the tip to the work piece. The design o f the
movable fixture depends on whether the method used for starting the arc is the drawn-arc or capacitor
discharge method. The movable fixture incorporates the following:
a) the d r i ve , to l i ft the s tud a n d to ke e p the l i ft at a c o n s ta n t l e n g th du r i n g the a rc ti me , w i th re s p e c t
to the support fixture;
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
NO TE 1 I n m o s t c a s e s , the d r i ve i s e l e c tr o m a g n e ti c .
b) a s p r i n g , to p l u n ge the s tud i n to the mo l te n p o o l a fte r the e nd o f the we l d i n g p e r i o d ;
c) a c l a mp i n g fi x tu re , to ho l d the s tud i n the we l d i n g p o s i ti o n a n d to tra n s fe r the c u r re n t to the s tud;
d) a s up p o r t fi x tu re , to ab s o rb the re ac tio n fo rc e o f the p re s s - o n fo rc e ;
NO TE 2 I n the c a s e o f h a nd we l d i n g g u n s , th e s u p p o r t fi x tu r e a l l o ws th e s tu d to b e p o s i ti o n e d o n th e wo rk
p i e c e (e . g. b y way o f s to p s o r te mp l ate s) . T he s u p p o r t c a n b e m ad e e i th e r d i r e c tl y m e c h a n i c a l l y o r b y me a n s
o f e l e c tr o n i c c o n tr o l .
e) i n the c a s e o f we l d i n g he ad s fo r au to m ati c fe e d , a fe e d c h a m b e r a n d a p o s i ti o n i n g u n i t fo r the s tud .
NO TE 3 I n m o s t c a s e s , the p o s i ti o n i n g u n i t i s p n e u m a ti c .
A n e l e c tro m a g ne ti c d r i ve i s no t ab s o l u te l y e s s e n ti a l i n the c a s e o f mo vab l e fi x tu re s o p e rati n g w i th s tud
we l d i n g w i th tip i g n i tio n . S p r i n gs te n s i o ne d b y h a n d c a n a l s o b e u s e d to c re ate the ne c e s s a r y a rc gap .
C h a n g i n g c l a mp i n g fi x tu re s e n ab l e s a m o vab l e fi x tu re to b e u s e d fo r di ffe re n t s tud d i me n s io n s .
T he mo vab l e fi x tu re i s a p o we r to o l . T he ap p ro p r i ate s a fe t y re g u l ati o n s s ho u l d the re fo re b e o b s e r ve d i n
o rde r to avo i d h a z a rd s c o n ne c te d w i th e l e c tr ic a l vo l ta ge , he ati n g a n d a rc fo r m ati o n .
A.2 .8.1 .4 Welding cables
We l d i n g c ab l e s s ho u l d b e u s e d i n ac c o rd a nc e w i th I S O 5 8 2 8 .
T he c ro s s - s e c ti o n s o f the we l d i n g c ab l e s a re ge ne ra l l y 2 5 mm
2
to 70 mm
2
. T he y s ho u l d be as s ho r t a s
p o s s ib l e , due to the h i gh p e a k c u r re nt s a nd the a s s o c i ate d vo l t a ge d ro p . Wi nd i n g the we l d i n g c ab l e i n to
co i l s i nc re a s e s the i nduc ti ve re s i s t a nc e , wh ic h in tu r n re duc e s the we l d i n g c u r re n t, but the we l d i n g
ti me i s i nc re a s e d .
A.2 .8.2 Welding parameters
A.2 .8.2 .1 Polarity
In ge ne ra l , the s tud is c o n ne c te d to the ne gati ve p o le a nd the wo rk p ie c e is c o n ne c te d to the p o s i ti ve
p o l e . Re ve r s e p o l a r i t y c a n b e ad va n ta ge o u s fo r c o p p e r a nd a l u m i n iu m a l l o ys .
A.2 .8.2 .2 Welding current
T he p e a k c u r re n t i s b e t we e n 1 0 0 0 A a n d 1 0 0 0 0 A a nd de p e nd s o n the c h a rg i n g vo l ta ge , the c ap ac i ta nc e
a nd the i nduc ti ve a nd o h m ic re s i s t a nc e o f the we l d i n g c ab l e .
A.2 .8.2 .3 Welding time
T he we l d i n g ti me c a n no t b e s e l e c te d d i re c tl y. D ep end i ng on the s to re d e ne r g y a nd the i n duc ta nc e o f

the we l d i n g c i rc u i t, i t i s 1 m s to 3 m s (tip i g n i tio n) or 3 m s to 1 0 m s (d raw n- a rc) . A l o n ge r we l d i n g ti m e
s i mp l i fi e s we l d i n g o n a c o ate d s u r fac e , b y v i r tue o f b e t te r de ga s s i n g.
A.2 .8.2 .4 Charging energy
To ge the r w i th the c ap ac i ta nc e , the c h a rg i n g vo l t a ge de te r m i ne s the c h a rg i n g e ne r g y on the b as is o f

Fo r mu l a (A . 5 ) :
W = 0,5 × C × U 2
(A . 5 )
T he c h a rg i n g e ne r g y s h a l l b e i nc re a s e d w i th the we l d c ro s s - s e c tio n .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
A.2 .8.2 .5 Plunging speed
T he p l u n g i n g s p e e d i s i n ge ne ra l de te r m i ne d b y a s p r i n g a n d the m a s s o f the mo v i n g p a r ts . Wi th s o me
mo vab l e fi x tu re s , the s p r i n g fo rc e c a n b e c h a n ge d b y the o p e rato r. T he p l u n g i n g s p e e d i s ap p ro x i m ate l y
0,5 m/s to 1,5 m/s (s o me ti me s mo re) . I n the c a s e o f the tip i g n i tio n me tho d , i t d i re c tl y de te r m i ne s the
we l d i n g ti me , i n c o nj u nc tio n w i th the s tud tip l e n g th . I t i s the re fo re ne c e s s a r y to m a i n ta i n the p lu n g i n g
s p e e d w i th i n l i m i ts at a l l ti me s , i n o rde r to o b ta i n a c o n s ta n t qu a l i t y.

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Annex B
(n o rm ative )
Quality requirements for stud welding
Tab l e B .1 s ho ws qu a l i t y re qu i re me n ts fo r s t ud we l d i n g.
Table B .1 — Quality requirements for stud welding
Quality requirements in Comprehensive quality Standard quality E lementary quality

ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3 or requirements in requirements in requirements in
ISO 3834-4 required for accordance with accordance with accordance with
s tud welding ISO 3834-2 ISO 3834-3 ISO 3834-4
S tud s s u b j e c te d to
F i e l d s o f ap p l i c a ti o n u n l e s s S tu d s s u b j e c te d to S tu d s s u b j e c te d to u n s p e c i fi e d s tati c l o ad i n g ,
o th e r w i s e s p e c i fi e d fa ti g u e l o ad i n g s p e c i fi e d s ta ti c l o ad i n g e . g. fu r n ace c o n s tr uc ti o n ,
he at- re s i s ta nt ap p l i c ati o n s
Te c h n i c a l k no wl e d ge o f
we l d i n g c o o r d i n a ti o n B a s i c k no wl e d ge i n ac c o r d a n c e w i th 6 . 2 6 . 2 do e s n o t ap p l y
p er s o n nel
P r o du c ti o n s u r ve i l l a n c e r e c o r d i n ac c o r d a nc e w i th
Qu a l i t y r e c o r d 14 . 6 d o e s no t ap p l y
14 . 6
M e tho d o f q u a l i fi c a ti o n o f We l d i n g p r o c e d u r e te s t i n ac c o r d a n c e w i th 1 0 . 2 o r P re vio u s e x p e r ience i n
pW P S p r e - p r o du c ti o n te s t i n ac c o r d a nc e w i th 1 0 . 3 ac c o r d a n c e w i th 1 0 . 4
P ro ce du re s s h a l l b e
C a l i b r a ti o n o f me a s u r e me n t
a va i l a b l e i n a c c o r d a n c e 14 . 8 d o e s n o t ap p l y
a n d te s ti n g e qu i p m e n t
w i t h 14 . 8
S i m p l i fi e d p r o du c ti o n te s t
P r o du c ti o n te s t i n ac c o r d a n c e w i th 14 . 2 ; s i mp l i fi e d
i n ac c o r d a n c e w i th 14 . 3 ,
P r o c e s s c o n tr o l p r o du c ti o n te s t i n ac c o r d a nc e w i th 14 . 3 ; p r o du c ti o n
p r o du c ti o n s u r ve i l l a n c e i n
s u r ve i l l a n c e i n ac c o r d a n c e w i th 14 . 5
ac c o r d a n c e w i th 14 . 5
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Annex C
(i n fo rm ative )
M a n u f a c tu re r ’ s we l d i n g p ro c e d u re s p e c i fi c a ti o n ( WP S )
M a nu fac tu re r ’s we l d i n g p ro c e du re E x a m i ne r o r e x a m i n i n g b o d y
Re fe re nc e N o . : Re fe re nc e N o . :
M a nu fac tu re r: S tud- we l d i n g p ro c e s s :
W P QR N o . : M e tho d o f c l e a n i n g o r
P a re n t m ate r i a l : s u r fac e c o nd i tio n o f p a re nt m ate r i a l :
P a re n t m ate r i a l th ic kne s s (m m) : S tud m ate r i a l :
P re he at te mp e r atu re (° C ) : S tud de s i g n atio n :
S h ie l d i n g ga s a nd fl o w r ate : S tud d i a me te r (m m) :
C e ra m ic fe r r u l e de s i g n atio n : Us e o f d a mp e r:  ye s  no
Po we r s o u rc e :
We l d i n g g u n/ he ad : We l d i n g p o s i ti o n :
D r a w n - a r c s t u d we l d i n g w i t h Welding Welding Protrusion Lift Remarks

ceramic ferrule or shielding gas current time mm mm
a n d s h o r t- c yc l e d r a w n - a r c s t u d A ms
welding
Capacitor discharge stud Gap Charging voltage Capacitance Spring force Remarks
welding with tip ignition mm N
V mF
and capacitor discharge or plunging
d r a w n - a r c s t u d we l d i n g speed
m m/s
Add i ti o n a l re m a rks : … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… .
M a nu fac t u r e r : E x a m i n e r o r e x a m i n i n g b o d y:
( N a me , d a te a n d s i g n atu r e) ( N a m e , d a te a n d s i g n at u r e)
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Annex D
(i nfo rm ative )
We l d i n g p ro c e d u re q u a l i fi c a ti o n r e c o rd f o r m ( WP Q R) ( f
o r d raw n -
a rc s tu d we l d i n g w i th c e ra m i c f e r r u l e o r s h i e l d i n g g a s a n d s h o r t-
c yc l e d rawn - a rc s tu d we l d i n g )
We l d i n g p ro c e du re qu a l i fic atio n — Te s t c e r ti fi c ate
M a nu fac tu re r: E x a m i ne r o r e x a m i n i n g b o d y:
Add re s s : C o de/te s ti n g s ta nd a rd :
D ate o f we l d i n g:
M a nu fac tu re r ’s we l d i n g p ro c e du re
Re fe re nc e N o . : N a m e o f o p e rato r:
E x te n t o f qu a l i fic atio n :
S tud- we l d i n g p ro c e s s : S tud d i a me te r (m m) :
S tud m ate r i a l : S tud l e n g th (m m) :
P a re n t m ate r i a l : S tud de s i g n atio n :
P a re n t m ate r i a l th i c kne s s (m m) :  Ap p l ic atio n > 1 0 0 ° C  Ap p l ic ati o n ≤ 1 0 0 ° C
C e ra m ic fe r r u l e de s i g n atio n : Us e o f d a mp e r:  ye s  no
We l d i n g p o s i ti o n : Po we r s o u rc e :
P re he at te mp e ratu re (° C ) We l d i n g g u n/ he ad :
S h ie l d i n g ga s a n d fl o w rate :
O the r i n fo r m ati o n : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… .
Welding current Welding time Protrusion Lift Remarks

A ms mm mm
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
C e r ti fi e d th at te s t we l d s a re p re p a re d , we l de d a nd te s te d s ati s fac to r i l y, in ac c o rd a nc e w i th the
re qu i re me nt s o f the c o de/te s ti n g s t a nd a rd i nd ic ate d ab o ve .
L o c atio n : D ate o f i s s ue : E x a m i ne r o r e x a m i n i n g b o d y:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… .
( N a m e , d ate a nd s i g n atu re)
 Ap p l i c ati o n ≤ 1 0 0 ° C  Ap p l ic atio n > 1 0 0 ° C
Abbreviated terms:
uc u ne qu a l c o l l a r
ic i nc o mp l e te c o l l a r
2 0 1-2 ⋅ 3 2 p o re s o f 3 m m d i a m e te r (e x a mp l e)
nf no frac tu re
wf frac tu re i n we l d
sf frac tu re i n s tud
10 0 c r ac k
40 0 l ac k o f fu s io n
no no o b j e c tio n s
a ac c e p tab l e
na no t ac c e p tab l e
NO TE N u m b e r s 1 0 0 a n d 4 0 0 r e fe r to I S O 6 5 2 0 -1 .
1) Visual examination
Re m a rks : … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … A s s e s s s m e nt: ……………………………………………… .…
……………………………………………………………………… . . …………………………………………………………………… .…
……………………………………………………………………… . . ……………………………………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………… . . ………………………………………………………………… .…… .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
2) Bend testing
Bend testing (application ≤ 100 °C)/bend testing by means o f torque wrench (application > 100 °C)
Bending angle/
Specimen
bending moment Location of fracture Remarks Assessment
number
Nm
3) Tensile testing (only for application ≤ 100 °C)
Size of Size of the

Fracture Fracture
Specimen Location of imperfection larges t
load s trength Remarks Assessment
number fracture area imperfection
N N/mm 2
mm 2 mm
4) Radiographic examination (only for application ≤ 100 °C, d > 1 2 mm)
Specimen Type of Size of Size of the Remarks Assessment

number imperfections imperfection largest
area imperfection
mm 2 mm

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
5) Macro examination
Sp ecimen Picture Re Assess Sp ecimen P icture

Result Assessment
- -
numb er: number: sult ment number: number:

M a g n i fi c a t i o n : M a g n i fi c a t i o n :
Picture Picture
6 ) To r q u e t e s t (o n l y f o r s h o r t- c yc l e d r a w n - a r c s t u d we l d i n g )
Specimen Torque Location of Remarks Assessment

number Nm fracture
7) Additional tests
Remarks and additional steps: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………
Test carried out in accordance with the requirements of: ……………………………………………………………… . .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… .
L ab o rato r y Re p o r t Re fe re nc e No . : …………………………………………………………………………………………………
Test results are acceptable/not acceptable (delete as appropriate)
E x a m i ne r o r e x a m i n i n g b o d y:
Test carried out in the presence of: …………………………………………………………………………………………………
(Name, date and signature)

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Annex E
(i n fo rm ative )
We l d i n g p r o c e d u re q u a l i fi c a ti o n re c o rd f
o r m ( WP Q R) ( f
o r
capacitor discharge stud welding with tip ignition and capacitor

d i s c h a r g e d rawn - a rc s tu d we l d i n g )
Welding procedure qualification — Test certificate
M a nu fac tu re r: Examiner or examining body:
Add re s s : C o de/te s ti n g s ta nd a rd :
D ate o f we l d i n g:
M a nu fac tu re r ’s we l d i n g p ro c e du re
Re fe re nc e N o . : N a m e o f o p e rato r:
Extent o f qualification
S tud- we l d i n g p ro c e s s : S tud d i a me te r (m m) :
S tud m ate r i a l : S tud l e n g th (m m) :
P a re n t m ate r i a l : S tud de s i g n atio n :
P a re n t m ate r i a l th i c kne s s (m m) :
We l d i n g:  w i th gap  w i th c o n tac t
Po we r s o u rc e :
We l d i n g g u n/ he ad :
Other in formation: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Spring force
Capacitance Charging voltage Gap N
Remarks
mF V mm or plunging speed
m m/s
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
C e r ti fi e d th at te s t we l d s a re p re p a re d , we l de d a nd te s te d s ati s fac to r i l y, in ac c o rd a nc e w i th the
re qu i re me nt s o f the c o de/te s ti n g s t a nd a rd i nd ic ate d ab o ve .
L o c atio n : D ate o f i s s ue : E x a m i ne r o r e x a m i n i n g b o d y:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………
( N a m e , d ate a nd s i g n atu re)
Abbreviated terms:
us u ne qu a l s p at te r s
is i nc o mp l e te s p at te r r i n g
nf no frac tu re
4 0 0 -1 0 no n- we l de d frac tu re a re a i n p e rc e nt (e . g. 1 0 %)
10 0 c rac k
40 0 l ac k o f fu s i o n
no no o b j e c ti o n s
a ac c e p t ab l e
na no t ac c e p tab l e
……………………………………………………………………… . . …………………………………………………………………… .…
……………………………………………………………………… . . ……………………………………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………… . . ………………………………………………………………… .…… .
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
2) Bend testing
Location of
Specimen number Bending angle Remarks Assessment
fracture
3) Tensile testing
Specimen Fracture Location of Fracture Size of Size of the Remarks Assessment

number load fracture strength imperfection largest
N N/mm 2 area imperfection
mm 2 mm

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
4) Additional tests
Remarks and additional steps: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… . .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… .…
Test carried out in accordance with the requirements of: ………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… .
L ab o rato r y Re p o r t Re fe re nc e No . : …………………………………………………………………………………………………
Test results are acceptable/not acceptable (delete as appropriate)
E x a m i ne r o r e x a m i n i n g b o d y:
Test carried out in the presence of: …………………………………………………………………………………………………
(Name, date and signature)

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Annex F
(i n fo rm ative )
Te s t re s u l ts — P ro d u c ti o n te s t ( fo r d rawn - a rc s tu d we l d i n g w i th
c e ra m i c f e r r u l e o r s h i e l d i n g g a s a n d s h o r t- c yc l e d raw n - a rc s tu d
welding)
M a nu fac tu re r ’s we l d i n g p ro c e du re Welding procedure specification

We l d i n g p ro c e s s : L o c ati o n o f we l d i n g:
Project number: S ho p/o n s i te :
D raw i n g N o . :
Po s i tio n N o . :
P a re n t m ate r i a l : S tud m ate r i a l :
P a re n t m ate r i a l th i c kne s s (m m) : S tud d i a me te r (m m) :
S tud de s i g n atio n :
D ate o f te s t we l d i n g: O p e rato r:
D r a w n - a r c s t u d we l d i n g w i t h Welding Welding Protrusion Lift Remarks

ceramic ferrule or shielding gas current time mm mm
a n d s h o r t- c yc l e d r a w n - a r c s t u d A s
welding
Abbreviated terms:
uc u ne qu a l c o l l a r
ic i nc o mp l e te c o l l a r
2 0 1-2 · 3 2 p o re s o f 3 m m d i a me te r (e x a mp l e)
nf no frac tu re
4 0 0 -1 0 no n- we l de d fr ac tu re a re a i n p e r c e n t (e . g. 1 0 %)
10 0 c r ac k
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
40 0 l ac k o f fu s io n
a ac c e p tab l e
na no t ac c e p t ab l e
……………………………………………………………………… . . …………………………………………………………………… .…
……………………………………………………………………… . . ……………………………………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………… . . ………………………………………………………………… .…… .
2) Bend testing
B e nd te s ti n g/ b e nd te s ti n g b y me a n s o fa to rque w re nc h (ap p l i c ati o n > 1 0 0 ° C )
Specimen number Bending angle/ Location of Remarks Assessment

bending moment fracture
3) Macro examination
P icture P icture
Sp ecimen Magnifica- Specimen Magnifica- Assess -
num - Result Assessment num - Result
number: tion: numb er: tion: ment
ber: b er:
P ic tu re P ic tu re
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
4) Additional tests
Total assessment: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… . . .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… . . .
Remarks and additional steps: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… . . .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… . . .
Test carried out in the presence of: ……………………………………………………………………………………………… . . .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… . . .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… . . .
Welding coordinator: ………………………… . . . . . . . . . . . E x a m i ne r o r e x a m i n i n g b o d y: ……………………… .
……………………………………………………………………… . ……………………………………………………………………… . .
L o c a l i t y: …………………………………………………… . . . Date: …………………………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………… . . ……………………………………………………………………… . .
……………………………………………………………………… . . ……………………………………………………………………… . .
(Signature of welding coordinator) (S i g n atu re o f e xa m i n i ng b o d y)

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Annex G
(i n fo rm ative )
Test results — Production test (for capacitor discharge stud

we l d i n g wi th ti p i g n i ti o n a n d c a p a c i to r d i s c h a r g e d raw n - a rc s tu d
welding)
M a nu fac tu re r ’s we l d i n g p ro c e du re Welding procedure specification

We l d i n g p ro c e s s : L o c atio n o f we l d i n g:
Project number: S ho p/o n s i te :
D raw i n g N o . :
Po s i tio n N o . :
P a re n t m ate r i a l : S tud m ate r i a l :
P a re n t m ate r i a l th ic kne s s (m m) : S tud d i a me te r (m m) :
S tud de s i g n atio n :
D ate o f te s t we l d i n g: O p e rato r:
Capacitor discharge stud Capacitance Charging Gap Spring force Remarks

welding with tip ignition and mF voltage mm N
c a p a c i t o r d i s c h a r g e d r a w n - V or plunging
arc stud welding speed
m m/s
Abbreviated terms:
us u ne qu a l s p at te r s
is i nc o mp l e te s p at te r r i n g
nf no frac tu re
4 0 0 -1 0 no n- we l de d fr ac tu re a re a i n p e r c e n t (e . g. 1 0 %)
10 0 c r ac k
40 0 l ac k o f fu s i o n
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
a ac c e p tab l e
na no t ac c e p t ab l e
Re m a rks : … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … A s s e s s s me n t: ……………………………………………… .…
……………………………………………………………………… . . …………………………………………………………………… .…
……………………………………………………………………… . . ……………………………………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………… . . ………………………………………………………………… .…… .
2) Bend testing
Bending angle/ Location of

Specimen number Remarks Assessment
bending moment fracture
3) Tensile testing
Size of Size of the

Fracture Fracture
Sp ecimen Location of imperfection larges t
load s trength Remarks Assessment
number fracture area imp erfection
N N/m m
2
2
mm mm
BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
4) Additional tests
Total assessment: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… . .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… . . .
Remarks and additional steps: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… . . .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… . . .
Test carried out in the presence of: ……………………………………………………………………………………………… . . .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………… . . . . . . . . . .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………… . . .
Welding coordinator: ………………………………… . E x a m i ne r o r e x a m i n i n g b o d y: ……………………… .
……………………………………………………………………… . . .……………………………………………………………………… .
L o c a l i t y: …………………………………………………… . . . Date: …………………………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………… . ……………………………………………………………………… .
……………………………………………………………………… . . ……………………………………………………………………… . .
(Signature of welding coordinator) (S i g n atu re o f e xa m i n i ng b o d y)

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Annex H
(informative)
Example of production surveillance record
P roj ect
number/ Stud Numb er/
Time of Number/ Number/
D ate of S hift Numb er WP S drawing diameter/ result of
tes t result of result of
welding number of welds number numb er/ length visual
welding ring tes t bend tes t
position mm examination
number

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
Bibliography
[1] ISO 3834-5, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 5: Documents
with which it is necessary to con form to claim con formity to the quality requirements of ISO 3834-2,
ISO 3834-3 or ISO 3834-4
[2] ISO 5828, Resistance welding equipment — Secondary connecting cables with terminals connected
to water-cooled lugs — Dimensions and characteristics
[3] ISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic
materials — Part 1: Fusion welding
[4] ISO 15614-1:2004,Specification and qualification o f welding procedures for metallic materials —
Welding procedure test — Part 1: Arc and gas welding o f steels and arc welding o f nickel and
nickel alloys
[5] ISO 15614-2 , Specification and qualification o fwelding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure test — Part 2: Arc welding o f aluminium and its alloys
[6] ISO 17662 , Welding — Calibration, verification and validation o f equipment used for welding,
including ancillary activities
[7] ISO/TR 20172 , Welding — Grouping systems for materials — European materials
[8] ISO/TR 20173, Welding — Grouping systems for materials — American materials
[9] ISO/TR 20174, Welding — Grouping systems for materials — Japanese materials
[10] IEC 60974-1, Arc welding equipment — Part 1: Welding power sources

BS EN ISO 14555:2017
ISO 1 45 5 5 : 2 01 7(E)
ICS 25.160.10
Price based on 65 pages
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BS EN ISO 14555:2017

BSI Standards Publication

Welding — Arc stud welding of metallic materials

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 14555

ICS 25.160.10 Supersedes EN ISO 14555:2014

Welding - Arc stud welding of metallic materials (ISO

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 March 2017.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

This document supersedes EN ISO 14555:2014.

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

9 Welding procedure specification (WPS) ...................................................................................................................................... 7

9.2.1 Identification o f the manu facturer ................................................................................................................... 7

9.2.2 Identification o f the WPS .......................................................................................................................................... 7

9.2.3 Re ference to the welding procedure qualification record (WPQR) or other

9.3 I n fo rm ati o n re l ate d to th e p are n t m ate ri al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

9.3.1 Parent material type ........................................................................................................................................... .......... 7

9.3 .2 D imens io ns .................................................. ................... ................................ ...................................................................... 7

9.5 .3 P re p arati o n o f p are n t m ate ri al s u rface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

9.5.4 Jigs and fixtures ................................................................................................................................................................. 8

9.7.1 Ceramic ferrules (i f any) .......................................................................................................................................... . 8

9.7.2 Protective gas (i f any) ........................................................................................................................................... ....... 8

9.9 Movable fixtures .................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

9.9.2 Shielding gas system (i f used) .............................................................................................................................. 9

9.9.3 Stud feeding system (i f any) ................................................................................................................................... 9

9.1 0.1 D rawn - arc s tu d we l d i n g wi th ce ram i c fe rru l e o r s h i e l d i n g gas an d s h o rt-

cycle drawn-arc stud welding ............................................................................................................................... 9

9.1 0.2 C ap aci to r d i s ch arge d rawn - arc s tu d we l d i n g o r cap aci to r d i s ch arge s tu d

1 0.2 .5 S co p e o f exam i n ati o n an d te s ti n g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

10.2.8 Range o f qualification ............................................................................................................................................... 12

1 0.3 .1 P re - p ro d u cti o n te s t fo r wo rks h o p ap p l i cati o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4

1 0.3 .2 P re - p ro d u cti o n te s t fo r s tu d we l d i n g o n s i te (fo r th ro u gh - d e ck s tu d we l d i n g) . . . . . 1 4

10.5 Welding procedure qualification record (WPQR) .................................................................................................. 15

1 2 .2 Acce p tan ce cri te ri a fo r vi s u al exam i n ati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3

1 2 .6 Acce p tan ce cri te ri a fo r m acro exam i n ati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4

1 2 .7 Acce p tan ce cri te ri a fo r rad i o grap h i c exam i n ati o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4

1 4. 2 . 2 P ro d u cti o n te s t fo r d rawn - arc s tu d we l d i n g wi th ce ram i c fe rru l e o r

shielding gas and short-cycle drawn-arc stud welding ............................................................... 26

1 4. 2 . 3 P ro d u cti o n te s t fo r cap aci to r d i s ch arge s tu d we l d i n g wi th ti p i gn i ti o n an d

c ap aci to r d i s c h arge d rawn - arc s tu d we l d i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6

14.3 Simplified production test .......................................................................................................................................................... 26

14.4 Re-testing for production test or simplified production test ....................................................................... 26

1 4. 5 . 4 P ro d u cti o n s u rve i l l an ce fo r d rawn - arc s tu d we l d i n g wi th ce ram i c fe rru l e

with qualification according to 1 0 . 3 . 2 ........................................................................................................ 2 7

1 4. 7 N o n - co n fo rm an ce an d co rre ctive acti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7

Annex B (n o rm ative ) Quality requirements for stud welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Annex D (i n fo rm ative ) We l d i n g p r o c e d u r e q u a l i fi c a ti o n r e c o rd f o r m ( W P Q R ) ( f o r d raw n -

Annex F (i n fo rm ative ) Te s t re s u l ts — P r o d u c ti o n te s t ( f o r d r awn - a rc s tu d we l d i n g w i th

Annex H (i n fo rm ative ) Example of production surveillance record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

I S O (the I nte r n atio n a l O rga n i z ati o n fo r S ta n d a rd i z ati o n) i s a wo rl d w i de fe de rati o n o f n atio n a l s t a nd a rd s

o r ga n i z atio n s , go ve r n me n ta l a nd no n- go ve r n m e nt a l , in liaison w i th I SO, also t a ke p art in the wo rk.

T he p ro c e du re s used to de ve l o p th i s do c u me n t a nd tho s e i n te nde d fo r i ts fu r the r m a i n te n a nc e a re

de s c r ib e d i n the I S O/ I E C D i re c ti ve s , Part 1 . I n p a r ti c u l a r the d i ffe re n t ap p ro va l c r i te r i a ne e de d fo r the

S ub c o m m i t te e S C 1 0 , Quality management in the field o f welding .

This fo u r th e d i tio n c a nc e l s a nd re p l ac e s the th i rd e d i tio n (I S O 145 5 5 : 2 0 14) , o f wh ic h it c o n s ti tu te s a

— the e x p re s s io n “we l d i n g d i a m e te r ” h a s b e e n c h a n ge d to “we l de d c ro s s - s e c tio n” i n 3 . 6 ;

— the s e c o nd a n d th i rd p a ra g rap h s o f 1 2 . 4 h ave b e e n c o m b i ne d ;

— the e x p re s s io n “we l d i n g d i a m e te r ” h a s b e e n c h a n ge d to “v i s i b l e w i d th o f the we l d i n g z o ne ” i n 1 2 . 6 ;