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Mathematical Language and Symbols

Mathematical language and symbols are an important medium of communication in mathematics and science. Mathematics meets the criteria to be considered a language as it has defined symbols and rules of expression. Mathematical language is precise, concise, and powerful. It includes expressions, sentences, laws, and conventions. Sets are collections of objects that follow a certain rule and can be described through roster or set-builder forms. Set operations like union, intersection, complement, and difference define relationships between sets.

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John Rendell Morales
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32 views

Mathematical Language and Symbols

Mathematical language and symbols are an important medium of communication in mathematics and science. Mathematics meets the criteria to be considered a language as it has defined symbols and rules of expression. Mathematical language is precise, concise, and powerful. It includes expressions, sentences, laws, and conventions. Sets are collections of objects that follow a certain rule and can be described through roster or set-builder forms. Set operations like union, intersection, complement, and difference define relationships between sets.

Uploaded by

John Rendell Morales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICAL

LANGUAGE AND
SYMBOLS
IMPORTANCE OF MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
AND SYMBOLS IN THE MODERN WORLD
•
• Mathematical language and symbols serves as the medium for mathematicians to interact,
for mathematics teachers to transfer knowledge to their students, and for
mathematicians to communicate their findings to people of the modern world.
•
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE

• Language - a system of communication using symbols or sounds.


• To be considered a language, there must be words and symbols.
• Symbols should have definitions attached to it.
• Must have a set of rules to follow on how to make use of symbols.

•
•
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE

• Language - a system of communication using symbols or sounds.


• A grammar and syntax
• There should be a group of people who understands these symbols.

• Mathematics meets all these requirements. Therefore, Mathematics in its own context is a
language.
• It is coined as the “Language of Science”
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
•
•

PRECISE, CONCISE, POWERFUL


•
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
•

• PRECISE – To be able to make fine distinctions.


• The boy is running.
• 2+2=5
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
•

• CONCISE – to write expressions and sentences briefly.


• The product of two numbers is 51
• X(y) = 51
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
•

• POWERFUL – to be able to write complex ideas with ease.


• C2=a2+b2
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
•

• SENTENCES AND EXPRESSIONS


MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE

• Sentences – expresses a complete thought.


• 1+1=2
• 10 >9
• x+y=z
•
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE

• Expressions – don’t express a complete thought.


•3+2
• 10 x 8
• 2x
• x+y

•
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE

• Laws – are a set of rules that must be used and applied to solve a problem.
• Pythagorean theorem
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE

• Conventions – are a set of rules that may or may not be used to solve a
problem.
• 2 x (3 + 2)
• 2 x (5)
• 10
•
• 2(3) + 2(2)
• 6+4
• 10
•
SETS
SETS

• Sets – is a collection of distinct objects following a certain rule.


• Sets are denoted by capital letters and can be described by listing its elements.
S = { January, February, March, … , December}
• The example above is called the roster form
S = { x | x is the months of the year}
• Set builder form – short-hand way of describing a set.
• S = { 2, 4, 6, 8}

• S = { x | x is even numbers less than 10 }

• S= { 1,3,5,7,9}
• S = { x | x is odd numbers less than 10}
SETS

• Cardinality – is the number of elements in a set.


S = { a, b, c, d, e} = 5
• Finite Set – a set where the elements are countable.
S = { x | x are numbers less than 10}
•
SETS

• Infinite Set – a set where the elements are impossible to list one by one.
S = { x | x is all real numbers}
• Null set – a set with no elements.
S={ }
SETS

• Subset – a set is called a subset if the all the elements of a set is in another set.
A = { 1,2,3,4,5}
B = {8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2,1}
• Set A is a subset of Set B
C = { a, b, c, …, z}
D = { x | x is the letters of the word MATH}
• Set D is a subset of Set C
SETS

• Equal sets – are sets who have the exact same elements.
A = { x | x is letters from the word RACECAR}
B = { c, a, r, e}
• Equivalent sets – are sets with the same cardinality.
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B = { a, b, c, d, e}
SETS OPERATIONS

• Universal set ( U ) – is the set of all elements of all other sets in consideration.
•
• Set Complement – the set of all the elements in the universal set that is not in a given set.
•
SETS OPERATIONS

• Universal set ( U ) – is the set of all elements of all other sets in consideration.
U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19 20}
• Set Complement – the set of all the elements in the universal set that is not in a given set.
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}
Ac = { 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
Venn Diagram – a diagram with overlapping circles to express logical relationships between
sets.
SETS OPERATIONS

• Set Complement – the set of all the elements in the universal set that is not in a given set.
U = { 1, 2, 3, …, 20}
A = { 1, 2, 3, …, 15}
Ac = { 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
SET OPERATIONS

• Union – a set that contains all the elements of two given sets. ( A U B )
U = {1,2,3, …, 20}
A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {4, 5, 6}
A U B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
SET OPERATIONS

• Intersection – a set who’s elements are in both given sets.


U = {1,2,3, …, 20}
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A ⋂ B = {4, 5}
SET OPERATIONS

• Difference – a set of elements of A that is not in B


U = {1,2,3, …, 20}
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A - B = {1, 2, 3}

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