MCQ On Abdomen

Abdomino-Pelvic Wall and Diaphragm
Questionnaire
1. What is the lumbar attachment of the diaphragm composed of?
a. Two aponeurotic arches: medial and lateral
b. Two arcuate ligaments: medial (is situated superior to the quad ratus
lumborum) and lateral (is situated superior to the psoas major)
c. Two crura or pillars
d. One wide, compact aponeurotic attachment
e. Only the two aponeurotic arches: medial and lateral
2. Name the features of the dia phragmatic central tendon:
a. Its center is formed by four strong diagonal bands
b. It has a trifoliate shape
c. It has a bifoliate shape
d. The hiatus for the passage of the inferior vena cava is located in this area
e. The hiatus for the passage of the aorta is located in this area
3. Name the diaphragmatic apertures:
a. Thoracic duct opening
b. Aortic opening
c. Splanchnic nerves opening
d. Inferior vena cava opening

e. Oesophagus opening
4. When the diaphragm contracts, does it afect the aorta?
a. Yes, because the aorta passes through the aortic hiatus when entering
the abdomen so, the diaphragmatic muscle will con strict the hiatus
b. Yes, because the aorta passes through the aortic hiatus which is formed
by the diaphragm on one side and the vertebral column on other side, the
con tractions of the muscle will push the aorta towards the vertebral
column and minimize the diam eter of the aorta
c. No, because the aorta passes through the aortic hiatus, which is a
tendinous one, not muscular, and it’s located posterior to the xifoid process
of the sternum
d. No, because the aorta has nothing to do with the dia phragm
e. No, because the aortic hiatus is located between the me dian arcuate
ligament anterior, vertebral column posterior and diaphragmatic crura
lateral, basically posterior the muscular part of the diaphragm, this way
the contractions of the muscle do not afect the aorta
5. What passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?
a. Aorta
b. Phrenic nerves
c. Toracic duct
d. Lymphatic trunks
e. Sometimes the azygos vein

6. What passes through the oesophageal hiatus of the dia phragm?
a. Phrenic nerves
b. Toracic duct
c. Oesophagus
d. Vagal trunks
e. Gastric nerves
7. Te oesophageal diaphrag matic hiatus has the following features:
a. Is located at the level of the twelve thoracic vertebra
b. Is located anterior, superior and lateral to the aortic hiatus
c. There is a distinct continuity between the oesophageal wall and the

muscular fbres that form the hiatus
d. There is a loose connecting tissue between the inferior part of the

oesophagus and the hiatus that permits movement of the organ when
swallowing and ventilating
e. THe only organ that passes through the oesophageal
diaphragmatic hiatus is the oesophagus
8. The arterial supply of the diaphragm is insured by the:
a. Phrenico-oesophageal arteries
b. Superior and inferior phrenic arteries
c. Pericardiacophrenic and mus culophrenic arteries

d. Phrenico-gastric arteries
e. Last fve intercostal and sub costal arteries
9. What is the most common origin of the inferior phrenic arteries?
a. Right and lef gastric arteries
b. Coeliac trunk
c. Oesophageal arteries
d. Aorta
e. Renal arteries
10. the venous drainage of the superior surface of the dia phragm is
ensured by:
a. Superior right phrenic vein
b. Superior lef phrenic vein
c. Tributaries of the musculo phrenic veins
d. Tributaries of the pericardia cophrenic veins
e. Tributaries of the gastric veins
11. Te innervation of the dia phragm is done by the:
a. Phrenic nerves
b. Vagus nerves
c. Lower six or seven intercostal nerves

d. Recurrent laryngeal nerves
e. Splanchnic nerve
12. What are the attachments of the external oblique muscle?
a. Origin on the external sur faces of 5th– 12th ribs
b. Insertion from superior to inferior-lateral: linea alba, pubic tubercle and

anterior half of iliac crest
c. Origin on the thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest
d. Insertion on the external surfaces of 10th– 12th ribs
e. Insertion on the xiphoid process and 5th– 7th costal cartilages
13. What are the attachments of the internal oblique muscle?
a. Origin on the thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest,

iliopectineal arch (lateral two- thirds of the inguinal liga ment)
b. Insertion on the inferior bor ders of 10th–12th ribs, linea alba
c. Origin on the inner surfaces of 7th– 12th ribs
d. Insertion on the xiphoid process and 7th– 12th costal cartilages
e. Origin on the external sur faces of 7th– 12th ribs
14. The anterior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by the:
a. Linea alba
b. Rectus abdominis muscle

c. Transversus abdominis muscle
d. Internal oblique
e. Aponeurosis of external oblique
15. The posterior wall of the inguinal canal it’s form by the:
a. The conjoint tendon
b. The transversalis fascia
c. Rectus abdominis muscle
d. External oblique
e. Peritoneum
16. What passes through the inguinal canal in man:
a. Spermatic cord
b. Round ligament
c. Ilioinguinal nerve
d. Iliohypogastric nerve
e. Femoral artery
17. What passes through the inguinal canal in women:
a. Inferior epigastric vessels
b. Ovarian arteries
c. Ilioinguinal nerve
d. Femoral vein
e. Round ligament
18. What is the linea alba?
a. The aponeurosis of external oblique
b. A tendinous strap that is located between the xiphoid process and pubic
symphysis
c. A junction of fbers from the aponeurosis of external oblique, internal

oblique and transversus abdominis muscle
d. A junction of fbers from the aponeurosis of external oblique, internal

oblique and rectus abdominis muscle
e. A junction of fbers from the aponeurosis of external oblique, internal

oblique, transversus abdominis muscle and rectus abdominis muscle
19. A patient has a very strong pain just inferior to the xifoid process, that is
the name of that area?
a. Epigastrium
b. Hypochondrium
c. Umbilical
d. Lumbar
e. Hypogastrium
20. Which are the landmarks of the inferior border of the

abdominal wall?
a. Anterior superior iliac spine
b. Posterior superior iliac spine
c. Greater sciatic notch
d. The inguinal ligament
e. Te pubic tubercle and the pubic crest
21. What does linea semilu naris mean?
a. Te curved area inferior to the costal ribs
b. Curved fold superior to the pubic symphysis
c. Shallow, curved groove lateral to lateral margin of rectus sheath
d. Curved aponeurosis inferior to the umbilicus
e. Curved aponeurosis superior to the umbilicus
22. What is the posterior rectus sheath made of?
a. Posterior lamina of internal oblique
b. Anterior lamina of internal oblique
c. Posterior laminae of external oblique
d. Posterior laminae of transver sus abdominis
e. Anterior laminae of transver sus abdominis
23. The inferior epigastric artery it’s a branch of the:
a. Femoral artery
b. Internal iliac artery
c. External iliac artery
d. Abdominal aorta
e. Common iliac artery
24. Arterial supply of the rectus abdominis muscle is done by the:
a. Lumbar arteries
b. Internal thoracic
c. Superior epigastric artery
d. Inferior epigastric artery
e. Umbilical artery
25. What nerves pass anterior to the quadratus lumborum muscle?
a. Subcostal
b. Lumbosacral
c. Iliohypogastric
d. Ilioinguinal
e. Genitofemoral
26. Patient has a tumor located at the level of the right fank
what muscles may be involved?
a. Rectus abdominis muscle

b. Transversus abdominis muscle
c. Internal oblique
d. External oblique
e. Pyriformis

MCQ On Abdomen

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Abdomino-Pelvic Wall and Diaphragm

1. What is the lumbar attachment of the diaphragm composed of?

a. Two aponeurotic arches: medial and lateral

c. Two crura or pillars

d. One wide, compact aponeurotic attachment

e. Only the two aponeurotic arches: medial and lateral

2. Name the features of the dia phragmatic central tendon:

a. Its center is formed by four strong diagonal bands

b. It has a trifoliate shape

c. It has a bifoliate shape

3. Name the diaphragmatic apertures:

a. Thoracic duct opening

c. Splanchnic nerves opening

d. Inferior vena cava opening

4. When the diaphragm contracts, does it afect the aorta?

the contractions of the muscle do not afect the aorta

5. What passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?

e. Sometimes the azygos vein

7. Te oesophageal diaphrag matic hiatus has the following features:

a. Is located at the level of the twelve thoracic vertebra

b. Is located anterior, superior and lateral to the aortic hiatus

c. There is a distinct continuity between the oesophageal wall and the

d. There is a loose connecting tissue between the inferior part of the

e. THe only organ that passes through the oesophageal

diaphragmatic hiatus is the oesophagus

8. The arterial supply of the diaphragm is insured by the:

b. Superior and inferior phrenic arteries

c. Pericardiacophrenic and mus culophrenic arteries

e. Last fve intercostal and sub costal arteries

9. What is the most common origin of the inferior phrenic arteries?

a. Right and lef gastric arteries

a. Superior right phrenic vein

b. Superior lef phrenic vein

c. Tributaries of the musculo phrenic veins

d. Tributaries of the pericardia cophrenic veins

e. Tributaries of the gastric veins

11. Te innervation of the dia phragm is done by the:

c. Lower six or seven intercostal nerves

12. What are the attachments of the external oblique muscle?

a. Origin on the external sur faces of 5th– 12th ribs

b. Insertion from superior to inferior-lateral: linea alba, pubic tubercle and

c. Origin on the thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest

d. Insertion on the external surfaces of 10th– 12th ribs

e. Insertion on the xiphoid process and 5th– 7th costal cartilages

13. What are the attachments of the internal oblique muscle?

a. Origin on the thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest,

b. Insertion on the inferior bor ders of 10th–12th ribs, linea alba

c. Origin on the inner surfaces of 7th– 12th ribs

d. Insertion on the xiphoid process and 7th– 12th costal cartilages

e. Origin on the external sur faces of 7th– 12th ribs

14. The anterior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by the:

b. Rectus abdominis muscle

e. Aponeurosis of external oblique

a. The conjoint tendon

b. The transversalis fascia

c. Rectus abdominis muscle

16. What passes through the inguinal canal in man:

17. What passes through the inguinal canal in women:

a. Inferior epigastric vessels