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CASE Tools 1

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CASE Tools Concepts and Its

Applications
Dr. Maharasan.K.S
Department of Computer Applications
KG CAS
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• Data Modeling
• Business Growth
• Case study: Student M.I.S
• What is the purpose of such models?
• Types of Models
• Advantages of using a CASE TOOL
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications

• Data Modeling: Business Growth-Organizational


Model-Case Study of student MIS-What is the purpose
of such Models-Understanding the business-Types of
models-model development approach-the case for
structural development-advantages of using a case
tool. System analysis and design-what is DFD-General
Rules for Drawing DFD-Difference Between Logical data
flow diagram and Physical data flow diagram-Software
verses Information Engineering-How case tools store
information.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
 Data modeling is the process of documenting a complex
software system design as an easily understood diagram,
using text and symbols to represent the way data needs to
flow.
 The diagram can be used to ensure efficient use of data, as
a blueprint for the construction of new software or for re-
engineering.
 Authority is handed to people, areas of responsibility and
accountability are marked out and business transactions
are processed to bring in profits.
 When a new business comes into existence, the top
management will take over the responsibility of designing
the detailed daily, hourly schedule.
 These will be implemented and checked for bugs.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• CASE stands for Computer Aided Software Engineering. It
means, development and maintenance of software projects
with help of various automated software tools.
• CASE Tools
• CASE tools are set of software application programs, which
are used to automate SDLC activities. CASE tools are used
by software project managers, analysts and engineers to
develop software system.
• CASE tools are there to simplify various stages of Software
Development Life Cycle such as Analysis tools, Design tools,
Project management tools, Database Management tools,
Documentation tools are to name a few.
• Use of CASE tools accelerates the development of project to
produce desired result and helps to uncover flaws before
moving ahead with next stage in software development.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• Diagram tools
• Used to represent system components, data and control flow among
various software components and system structure in a graphical form.
• Flow Chart Maker tool for creating state-of-the-art flowcharts.
• Process Modeling Tools
• Process modeling is a method to create software process model, which
is used to develop the software.
• Process modeling tools help the managers to choose a process model
or modify it as per the requirement of software product.
• For example, EPF Composer
• Project Management Tools
• Used for project planning, cost and effort estimation, project
scheduling and resource planning.
• Managers have to strictly comply project execution with every
mentioned step in software project management.
• Project management tools help in storing and sharing project
information in real-time throughout the organization.
• For example, Creative Pro Office, Trac Project, Basecamp.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• Documentation Tools
• Documentation in a software project starts prior to the software process,
goes throughout all phases of SDLC and after the completion of the project.
• Documentation tools generate documents for technical users and end users.
Technical users are mostly in-house professionals of the development team
who refer to system manual, reference manual, training manual, installation
manuals etc. The end user documents describe the functioning and how-to of
the system such as user manual. For example, Doxygen, DrExplain, Adobe
RoboHelp for documentation.
• Analysis Tools
• These tools help to gather requirements, automatically check for any
inconsistency, inaccuracy in the diagrams, data redundancies or erroneous
omissions. For example, Accept 360, Accompa, Case Complete for
requirement analysis, Visible Analyst for total analysis.
• Design Tools
• These tools help software designers to design the block structure of the
software, which may further be broken down in smaller modules using
refinement techniques. These tools provides detailing of each module and
interconnections among modules. For example, Animated Software Design
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• Configuration Management Tools
• An instance of software is released under one version. Configuration Management
tools deal with
• Version and revision management
• Baseline configuration management
• Change control management
• CASE tools help in this by automatic tracking, version management and release
management. For example, Fossil, Git.
• Change Control Tools
• These tools are considered as a part of configuration management tools. They
deal with changes made to the software after its baseline is fixed or when the
software is first released. CASE tools automate change tracking, file management,
code management and more. It also helps in enforcing change policy of the
organization.
• Programming Tools
• These tools consist of programming environments like IDE (Integrated
Development Environment), in-built modules library and simulation tools. These
tools provide comprehensive aid in building software product and include
features for simulation and testing. For example, C scope to search code in C,
Eclipse.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• Prototyping Tools
• Software prototype is simulated version of the intended software product.
Prototype provides initial look and feel of the product and simulates few aspect of
actual product.
• Prototyping CASE tools essentially come with graphical libraries. They can create
hardware independent user interfaces and design. These tools help us to build
rapid prototypes based on existing information. In addition, they provide
simulation of software prototype. For example, Serena prototype composer,
Mockup Builder.
• Web Development Tools
• These tools assist in designing web pages with all allied elements like forms, text,
script, graphic and so on. Web tools also provide live preview of what is being
developed and how will it look after completion. For example, Fontello, Adobe
Edge Inspect, Foundation 3, Brackets.
• Quality Assurance Tools
• Quality assurance in a software organization is monitoring the engineering
process and methods adopted to develop the software product in order to ensure
conformance of quality as per organization standards. QA tools consist of
configuration and change control tools and software testing tools.
• For example, Soap Test, Apps Watch, J Meter.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
The two main factors that result in the growth of a
business are:
• Man power
• Fund flow
Man power:
• The person who delegates the line of authority will
have to impose various checks and controls on the
method used for information gathering.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Fund flow:
• Fund flow in an organization will increases with the
growth of business.
• This could mean that the suppliers, who are
supplying raw material to the company, increase in
number.
• The purchasers for the finished product also
increase.
• Greater finance control has to be implemented in
the organization
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Student MIS :: Cost of Conversion
• Advertisement
---Follow up cost
---Telephone cost
---Telegram cost
---Letters
---Hand delivered
---Posted
---Courier
• Seminars conducted
• Travel + Miscellaneous Expenses incurred during
letter delivered by hand
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• Purpose of models
• Once a model of a business is designed, senior personnel of
the business can apply their knowledge and experience to the
model to improve the manner in which the business flows.
• This will help senior personnel to recommend ways to
improve the processes in the business.
• So from these models one could figure out the:
 Bottleneck or the loop holes in the system.
 Manpower requirements of the system.
 Financial requirement of the system.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Business models
• It represent the business itself, the information it
tracks and the way in which it will be used. These
models may include both manual and automatic
functions.
The information system models:
• It document the automation of business functions,
the actual storage of business data and the
automated ways in which the information is
accessed.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
ADVANTAGES
– Improved productivity (through automation of tasks and
rapid application development.
– Document / diagram preparation and amendment is
quicker and more efficient.
– Accuracy of diagrams is improved. Diagram drawers can
ensure consistency of terminology and maintain certain
standards of documentation.
– Improved quality because CASE tools check for
completeness, consistency and contradictions.
– Prototyping is made easier, as re-design can be effected
very quickly.
– Blocks of code can be re-used. Many applications
incorporate similar functions and processes: blocks of
software can be retained in a library and used (or
modified) as appropriate.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• Structured System Analysis and Design
– Planning
• Information gathering about use requirements and setting
goals.
– Analysis
• Determining use needs and system constraints
• Testing alternative solutions
• Developing a functional specification and logical model
– Design
• Detailed solution
– Diagrams for programs, modules / sub routines and data flow
– Implementation
• Building, testing, deploying and tuning
– Maintenance
• Corrections
• Enhancements
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• Structured System Analysis and Design Deliverables
– Planning : Customer Profile / Project Profile
• Information gathering about user requirements and setting goals.
– Analysis : SRS : System Requirement Specification
• Determining use needs and system constraints
• Testing alternative solutions
• Developing a functional specification and logical model
– Design: SDS : Software Design Specification
• Detailed solution
– Diagrams for programs, modules / sub routines and data flow
– Implementation: Source Code, Test Cases, etc
• Building, testing, deploying and tuning
– Maintenance : Contract, maintenance schedule, new req
• Corrections
• Enhancements
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• Representation Methods
– Textual
– Diagrammatic
• Flow chart
• Data Flow Diagram
Civil Engineering :
Blue Print
Elevation diagram
Wiring
Plumbing diagram
RCC
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Representation Methods : Data Flow Diagram
• A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical
representation of the "flow" of data through a
computer system.
OR
• A data flow diagram looks at how data flows
through a system.
• It concerns things like where the data will
come from and go to as well as where it will
be stored.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• Flow chart shows “ flow of Control “ .
• DFD shows “ flow of Data
• The flowchart describes boxes that describe
computations, decisions, interactions & loops.
• It is important to keep in mind that data flow
diagrams are not flowcharts and should not
include control elements.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• DFD Types

LOGICAL DFD
• It focuses on business and how it operates.
• It describes business events that take place
and the data required and produced by each
event.

PHYSICAL DFD
• It shows how the system will be implemented.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its
Applications
• DFD Components
• 4 Basic Symbols
– Entities
• People, Things, Organizations
– Process
• Activity that transforms data
– Data Source
• Open Sided Rectangle
• Data can be read from a data store.
This is depicted by an outgoing
arrow.
• External entity cannot read or write
to the data store.
– Data Flow
• Represents movement of data
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Rules

Data can flow from Data cannot flow from


• External entity to • External entity to
process External entity
• Process to External • External entity to Store
entity • Store to External entity
• Process to store and • Store to Store
back.
• Process to Process
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
• Data Flow Diagram
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
General Rules for Drawing the Data Flow Diagram.
I. Any data flow leaving a process must be based on
the data that are input to the process.
II. All data flows are named; the name reflects the data
flowing between the processes, data stores, sources
or sinks.
III. Only data needed to perform the process should be
an input to the process.
IV. A process should know nothing about any other
processes in the system. It should depend on its own
input and output. (Independent)
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
General Rules for Drawing the Data Flow Diagram Contd
V. Processes are always running, they do not start or
stop. Analyst should assume that a process is always
ready to function or perform necessary work.
VI. Output of the process can take any of the following
forms.
a. An input data flow with information added by the process.
b. A response or change of data from dollars to profit.
c. Change of status.
d. Change of content.
e. Change of organization.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Logical DFD Physical DFD
• Drawn by keeping in mind • Drawn with reference to
how the work is going to be who is going to do the work.
done. • It is arrived by replacing the
• Focus on the process that processes in the Logical DFD
will do the work. by people who are expected
to do the process.
• The Human component has
to interact with the system.
UI design is given
impotance.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Software Versus Information Engineering
• General view of a system.
• Decomposing each functionality into micro-level, so that
they can be implemented as a code.
• Logical program design and physical design are different.
• Software Engineering uses lot of diagrammatic
representations.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Information Engineering
• Information Engineering is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on the design,
development, and management of information systems.
• It involves the systematic approach of collecting, processing, storing, and
transmitting data to support decision-making and improve organizational efficiency.
• Information Engineering combines principles from computer science, mathematics,
and communication to analyze user requirements, design system architectures,
develop software applications, manage databases, and ensure data security.
• It aims to optimize the flow of information within an organization by employing
techniques such as data modeling, database design, software development,
network engineering, and system integration.
• Information Engineering plays a crucial role in enabling organizations to effectively
manage and utilize information to achieve their goals.
• The goal of Information Engineering is to design and develop efficient information
systems that facilitate effective data collection, processing, storage, and
transmission to support decision-making and improve organizational efficiency.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Software Engineering
• Software Engineering is a discipline that encompasses the systematic approach
to designing, developing, testing, deploying and maintaining software systems.
• It focuses on applying engineering principles, methods, and tools to create
high-quality software that meets the requirements of users and stakeholders.
• It emphasizes the use of standardized processes, best practices, and quality
assurance techniques to ensure the reliability, scalability, and maintainability of
software systems.
• Software Engineers utilize programming languages, software development
frameworks, and tools to develop software solutions that address specific user
needs and solve complex problems.
• The goal of Software Engineering is to deliver software products that are
efficient, robust, and aligned with user expectations.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Information Engineering Vs Software Engineering
• Scope: Information Engineering has a broader scope as it focuses on the
design, development, and management of information systems that
encompass both software and hardware components.
Software Engineering, on the other hand, specifically
concentrates on the design, development, and maintenance of
software systems.
• Emphasis: Information Engineering emphasizes the efficient collection,
processing, storage, and transmission of data to support decision-
making and improve organizational efficiency.
Software Engineering places a stronger emphasis on software
development processes, methodologies, and quality assurance.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Information Engineering Vs Software Engineering
• Multidisciplinary Nature: Information Engineering is a multidisciplinary
field that combines computer science, mathematics, and communication
to address information system challenges.
Software Engineering primarily draws from computer science and
engineering disciplines.
• Data vs. Software: Information Engineering deals with managing and
manipulating data, focusing on data modeling, integration, and database
design.
Software Engineering focuses on the development of software systems,
including coding, testing, and maintenance.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Information Engineering Vs Software Engineering
• System Perspective: Information Engineering takes a holistic
approach by considering the entire information system, including
hardware, software, data, and communication components.
Software Engineering primarily focuses on software development,
often within the context of a larger information system.
• Design Considerations: Information Engineering involves
designing information architectures, data structures, and database
schemas to facilitate data organization and retrieval.
Software Engineering focuses on designing software architectures,
modules, and interfaces to ensure software functionality and
maintainability.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Information Engineering Vs Software Engineering
• Integration Level: Information Engineering focuses on integrating
various components of an information system, including
databases, external systems, and communication channels.
Software Engineering primarily deals with integrating software
modules and components within a software system.
• Skill Set: Information Engineers require knowledge of database
management, data modeling, data analytics, and information
system design.
Software Engineers require strong programming skills, software
development methodologies, and software testing expertise.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Information Engineering Vs Software Engineering
• Data Processing vs. Algorithm Development: Information
Engineering focuses on efficient data processing, transformation,
and analysis techniques.
Software Engineering focuses on algorithm development,
optimization, and software performance.
• Career Paths: Information Engineering career paths include roles
such as data engineer, database administrator, business
intelligence analyst, or information systems manager.
Software Engineering career paths include roles such as software
developer, software architect, quality assurance engineer, or
software project manager.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
How CASE Tools store Information
• Multiple projects will be handled by companies.
• SAD is mandatory for any project.
• CASE tools must be able to store information in a style
such that there must be no cross-linking.
• CASE Tool repository
– Software Configuration Management
– Software Configuration Items
• Each project / application will have a separate account /
folder.
• This account / folder will contain complete information
about the project.
• This account / folder will be accessed regularly by the
designated team for information reference.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
How CASE Tools store Information
Data Dictionaries
• The folders are like dictionaries.
• Users can update this dictionary leading to a global
change.
• Involves, copying, renaming, deletion, etc.
• Stores the components of the model.
• Tracks the various component parts of the model such as
graphic files and textual files.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
How CASE Tools store Information
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
How CASE Tools store Information
The ten objects of the model
1. Screens
2. Fields
3. Records
4. Diagrams
5. Processes
6. Repositories
7. Connectors
8. Symbols
9. Plain Objects
10. Reserved Object
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Diagrams (Additional input from
https://www.javatpoint.com/software-engineering-data-flow-diagrams)
– Visual representation of information flow within a system.
– The right amount of the system requirement can be graphically
depicted using a neat and clear DFD.
– Represents data flow covering its entry, exit, factors that change
the information and it’s storage location.
– Describes the scope and boundaries of the entire system.
– Other name is Bubble Graph / Data Flow Graph
– Levels of DFD
• Level 0
• Level 1
• Level 2
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Diagrams – Level 0 DFD
• Also known as fundamental system model, or context
diagram.
• Represents the entire software requirement as a single
bubble with input and output data denoted by incoming
and outgoing arrows.
• Subsequently the system is decomposed and described
as a DFD with multiple bubbles.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Diagrams: Level 0 DFD - Sample
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Diagrams – Level 1
• Level 0 DFD is decomposed into multiple
bubbles/processes.
• Here the main objectives of the system is highlighted
and the high-level process of 0-level DFD are broken-
down into sub-processes.
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Diagrams – Level 1
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Diagrams – Level 2
• Used to project or record the specific/necessary detail
about the system's functioning.
• System functionality is decomposed into smaller units
for representation
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Diagrams – Level 2
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Diagrams – Level 2
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Diagrams – Level 2
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Diagrams – Level 2
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Diagrams – Level 2
CASE Tools Concepts and Its Applications
Data Flow Diagrams – Level 2

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