past tense

1. The last language conference …… contact between many language teachers from various
schools.

A. Established
B. Is established
C. Was established
D. Establishes
E. Establish

2. Phonetics …… the production or articulation of speech sounds irrespective of the language.

phonetics
A. Analyse statistics
B. Are analysing mathematics
physics
C. Is analysing linguistics
D. Analyses graphics
E. Analysis

3. You …… many human voices when you call businesses on the phone these days.

A. Had not heard

B. Has not heard
C. Are not hearing
D. Did not hear
E. Do not hear

4. Sam is a gifted musician that he …… to play three instruments through internet resources in a
fairly short time.

A. Has learned
I have just had my lunch, so I am now full.
B. Is learning
C. Learns
D. Will learn
E. Was learning

5. International trade in the world’s 20-odd varieties of sturgeon …… by the united nations since
1998, after a drastic rise in poaching.

A. Will be regulated
B. Was regulated
C. Had been regulated
D. Has been regulated
E. Is regulated
6. These programs …… global health workforce development.

A. Are support
B. Support
C. Have been support
D. Are supported
E. Have support

7. Since the advent of deep-sea diving and skin diving, several kinds ofshells that …… once
extremely rare have dropped in value.

A. May have been

B. Were
C. Had been
D. Has been
E. Are (present)

8. The motorists …… under a tree when it began to rain.

A. Had been sitting

B. Has sitting
C. Stand
D. Was sitting
E. Stood

9. Using an eye catching logo in this product …… lend your business additional credibility.

A. May
B. Might
C. Has to
D. Had better
E. Need to

10. Impulsive people act suddenly without thinking carefully about the effects their actions ……
have.

A. Be able to
B. Might
C. Have to
D. Are supposed to
E. Should
11. Freshly frozen plasma …… for as long as a year, but it still has the potential of transmitting
hepatitis and is best used only when blood-clotting factors are needed.

A. Store
B. Can store
C. Can be storing
D. Can to store
E. Can be stored

12. Businesses are looking for software that they …… immediately to their own accounting
procedures.

A. Can to adapt and apply

B. Can adapt and to apply
C. Can adapted and be applied
D. Can adapt and apply
E. Can adapted and apply

13. There are several bike races that …… per annum worldwide.
per tahun (rutin)
A. Are organized
B. Organized
C. Are being organized
D. Are organizing
E. Are to be organized

14. The private university …… the board of committee.

A. Is governed by
B. Being governed by
C. Governing
D. Govern
E. Has governed from

15. The picture was …… by a famous artist.

A. Painting
B. Painted
C. Being paint
D. Paint
E. Paints
16. A statue of cleopatra …… at philae when troops came and suddenly destructed it.

A. Was being honored

B. Has honored past continuous (sedang berlangsung), past simple (gangguan)
C. Was honouring
I was sleeping peacefully when I heard noises from the kitchen.
D. Had been honored
E. Was honored

17. The Chinese was the first who had the famous astronomical clock …… by su sung, the Chinese
Leonardo.

A. Built
B. Were built
C. Was built
D. Had been built
E. Has been built

18. …… questions is a lot more difficult than answering them.

A. Composed
B. To composing
C. Compose
D. To compose
E. Composing

19. …… a civil war, otto II, on September 22, 973, invested henry as bishop.

A. Not desiring
B. To not desire
C. Not to desire
D. Desiring not to
E. To desire not

20. Beautiful graphics makes …… through island more enjoyable.

A. Fly
B. Flying
C. To fly
D. Flies
E. Flight
21. Mrs. Anna complained about …… to class late.

A. Mary’s has to come

B. Mary’s comes
C. Mary’s used to come
D. Mary’s come
E. Mary’s coming

22. Most student loan programs …… simple interest and less complicated documentation.

A. Offering
B. Offered
C. Offer
D. Offers
E. Are offered

23. Neither my dad nor my brothers knows how to ski. They prefer swimming rather than
spending time in the cold. Which one is incorrect?

A. Spending
B. Neither
C. Knows
D. Swimming
E. Rather

24. The boy is thought to be one of …… in the class.

A. The most gifted child

B. The most gifted of the children
C. The most gifted of those children
D. The most gifted children
E. The most gifted of a child

25. The advent of low-cost, high-speed data processing facilities …… school administrators with
resources not available a few years ago.

A. Has provided
B. Have been providing
C. Is providing
D. Provide
E. Was providing
26. Rice and beans, my favourite dish, …… me of my native Puerto rico.

A. Are reminding
B. Reminds
C. Have been reminding
D. Remind
E. Has reminded

27. The new policies are expected to increase national stability and …… of the country.

A. Financial strength
B. Finance strength
C. Financial strong
D. Financially strength
E. Financially strong

28. We must either raise revenues ……

A. And reduce expenses

B. But reduce expenses
C. To reduce expenses
D. Or reduce expenses
E. Nor reduce expenses

29. For success in life, one needs to pursue his goal with determination and ……

A. To preserve
B. Preserve
C. Perseverance
D. Preserved
E. Persevering

30. This competition has triggered by technological advancement, ……

A. Privatizing, and liberalizing

B. Privatization, and liberalization
C. Privatizing, and liberalization
D. Privacy, and liberality
E. Privatization, and liberalizing
31. Many college students have the same goals: playing hard, goidng well in classes, and ____

A. Graduation, after that a job

B. A job after graduation
C. Finding a job after graduation
D. After graduation, a job
E. To find a job after graduation

32. The new tenant has officially____ the new building.

A. Taken over
B. Taken up
C. Taken in
D. Taken out
E. Taken about

33. A species of tomato that is adapted to ____ has been developed

A. Climatic condition of harsh

B. Harshly climatic condition
C. Climatic harsh condition
D. Harsh climatic condition
E. Harsh climatic conditionally

34. The orphans children who were invited at the restaurant came from a neighboring town
Orphan children
A. Orphans children travel agent = travel agents
police officer = police officers
B. Came from
C. Who were
D. Invited
E. A neighboring town

35. Everyone ... about the lives of actors

A. Is interested in knowing
B. Interesting to know
C. Interests to know
D. Is interesting knowing
E. Interests in knowing
36. As was the case throughout the United States, ___ was subject to higher gas prices during the
winter of 2002-2003.

A. New York
B. As New York
C. For New York as well
D. For New York
E. New York which

37. ____ in history caused as much shock and grief worldwide as the 2004 tsunami disaster in
Asia.

A. None natural disaster

B. The natural disaster
C. No natural disaster
D. Of natural disaster
E. That natural disaster

38. Apple Computer has unveiled its new desktop computer design, ___ all disk drives and
processors into a flat display less than two inches thick

A. Integrated
B. Which integrates
C. That integrating
D. Integrates
E. Has integrated

39. Through the internet, someone can find the name of a first love ____ in years.

A. Who he/she hasn’t seen

B. Who is seen
C. Whom he/she hasn’t seen
D. Whom hasn’t been seen
E. Whom is he/she seen

40. A cloud’s reservoir of negative charge extends upward from the altitude at ___ the freezing
point

A. Hit temperature
B. Which temperatures hit
C. Which hit the temperatures
D. Temperature hit
E. Which hit temperatures
 Geothermal energy is power obtained by using heat from the earth’s interior. Most
geothermal resources are in the regions of active volcanoes. Among the most easily exploited
sources of such energy are hot springs, geysers, and pools of boiling mud. Also good source of
geothermal energy are famaroles, which are vents of volcanic gases and heated groundwater.
The ancient Romans used hot springs to heat baths and homes, and similar uses are still found
in same geothermal regions of the world, such as iceland, Turkey and Japan. The greatest
potential for geothermal energy, however, lies in the generation of electricity. Geothermal
energy was first used to produce electric power at Larde. The most useful geothermal
resources are hot water and steam trapped in subsurface formations or reservoirs and having
temperatures ranging from 176 degree to 662 degree F. Water and steam hotter than 356
degree F are the most easily exploited for electric power generation and are utilized by most
existing geothermal power plants. In these plants, the hot water is converted to steam, which
is then used to drive a turbine, which convert energy to electric generator,llo,Italy, in 1904. By
the late twentieth century, geothermal power plants were in operation in Italy, New Zealand,
Japan, Iceland, Mexico, the United States and elsewhere, and many other under construction
in other countries.

41. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Geothermal energy is used all over the world as pollution-free means of producing
electricity
B. Geothermal energy is primarily used in the Eastern Hemisphere for heating the house
C. Geothermal energy is an old fashioned form of heating homes and doesn’t have much
potential
D. Geothermal energy is an old fashioned form of searching clean ways to produce electricity
E. Geothermal energy is primarily used in the Eastern Hemisphere for reaction facility
42. Which hphrase is closest in meaning to the word “subsurface” as used in the passage?...
A. Below the electricity
B. Below the hot springs
C. Below the volcanoes
D. Below ther ground
E. Below the water
43. From the passage, it can be inferred that geothermal energy was first used to generate
electricity in ____.
A. East Asia
B. North America
C. Africa
D. Europe
E. Asia
44. From the passage, it can be concluded that hot, dry subsurface rocks are not practical
sources of geothermal energy, because
A. Not enough hot, Subsurface rocks are available to make the process commercially usefull
B. Power plants in Italy and Mexico are already in operation
C. Engineers have to solve technical problems of circulating water through them
D. Surface rocks are usefull to benefit the process of plantation in ther massive commercial
way
E. Water does not effeciently conduct heat away from the rocks
 History books record that the first moving picture with the sound was The jazz singer in 1927.
But sound film or “talkies”, did not suddenly after years of silent screening. From the earliest
public performances in 1896, films were accompanied by music and sound effects. These were
produced by a single planist, a small band, or a full-scale orchestra, larger movie theatres could
buy sound effect machines.

Research into a sound that was reproduced at exactly the same time as the pictures-called “
synchronized sound ” began soon after the very first movie were shown. With synchronized
sound, characters on ther movie screen could sing and speak. As early as 1896, the newly
invented gramophone, which played a large disc carrying music and dialogue, was used as a
sound system. The biggest disadvantage was that the sound and pictures could become
unsynchronized if, for example, the gramophone needle jumped or if the speed of the
projector changed. This system was only effective for a single song or dialogue sequences.

A later development was the “sound-on-film” system. Here, sounds were recorded as a series
of marks on celluloid read by special sensors. These signals would be placed on the film
alongside the images, guaranteeing synchronization Short feature films were produced in this
way as early as 1922. This system eventually brought us a “talking picture”.

45. Why does the author mention “ a single pianist, a small band, or a full-scale orchestra”?
A. To refute history books that claim the first movie with sound was made in 1927
B. To explain how sound that accompanied early films was made
C. To elaborate the fact of history that the early movie and play were made in early century
D. To show how badly paid musicians were
E. To emphasize the role sound effects played in the Jazz Singer

46. It can be understood that the synchronization system ?

A. Could be placed alongside the images
B. Was an important development for talking pictures
C. Could be synchronised with the important moving pictures
D. Developed at the same time as sound for movies
E. Was a guarantee that short feature films could be produced

47. Why could gramophones be considered ineffective?

A. They were too complicated for the variations of the fast moving pictures
B. They couldn’t always match the speed of the projector
C. They were subject to variations in speed
D. They were newly invented
E. They were too large for most movie theatres

48. It can be inferred that short feature fims produced as early as 1922 ?
A. Were developed soon after the talking movie
B. Created talking pictures
C. Put musicians out work
D. Were recorded by optical sensors
E. Were only effective for dialogue sequences
 The Thousand Islands (officially Kepulauan Seribu) are a chain of islands to the north of
Jakarta’s coast. It forms the only regency of Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. It consists of a
string of 342 islands stretching 45 km (28 mi) north into the Java Sea at West Jakarta Bay and
in fact north of Banten Province. A decree states that 35 islands may be used for reacreation.
Of these, only 13 islands are fully developed: 11 islands are homes to resorts and two islands
are historic parks. 23 are privately owned and are not open to the public. The rest of the
islands are either uninhabited or support a fishing village.

An area of 107,489 hectares of land and sea was declared by the Minister of Agriculture in
1982 and designated by a Forestry Ministerial Decree in 2002 as the Taman Nasional Laut
Kepulauan Seribu ( Thousand Islands Marine National Park). Public access is prohibited on two
of the islands. Panjaliran Barat and Panjaliran Timur, where sea turtles are conserved. The
complex contains 342 reef platforms, with 110 forming an island larger. This park foms a
hatching site for the hawksbill sea turtle and green sea turtle. The hawksbill turtle is and
endangered species and is rarely found in other waters. These turtles are bred on Pramuka
Island. This activity is aimed at recovering the turtle population, which had almost reached
extinction. Breeding activities include egg hatching in a semi-natural way and caring for the
baby turtles till they are ready to be released into their natural habitat.

(Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thousand_Islands_(Indonesia))

49. What do we learn from the first paragraph?

A. None of the islands in the Thousands Islands are open to the public.
B. The Thousands Islands consist of 1000 islands.
C. The Thousand Islands are located in the southern part of Java Island.
D. Only 36 islands of the Thousand Islands are used by people.
E. More than 85% of the islands of the Thousand Islands are uninhabited.

50. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A. The Thousand islands as a chain of Islands
B. The decree about the Thousand Islands
C. The description of the Thousand Islands
D. The administration of the Thousand Islands
E. What the Thousand Islands is

51. What does the phrase “ the activity” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The hawksbill sea turtle and green sea turtle
B. Pramuka island’s activities
C. Turtle population recovery
D. The breeding of Hawksbill sea turtle
E. Hawksbill sea turtle’s egg hatching

52. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

A. The Thousand islands’ administration
B. Reef platforms of the Thousand islands
C. Limited public access to Panjaliran Barat and Panjaliran Timur
D. The Thousand Islands Marine National Park
E. Sea turtle Conservation
 Sometimes humans kill animals indirectly. Few places on the planet are untouched by human.
The ever increasing human population needs more space. Industries use more and more of
the Earth’s antural resource. The result: in less than one hundred years, as many as two
hundred know species of birds and mammals have vanished

How? Many natural habitats are disappearing. The Earth’s rainforestsare being destroyed
along with their inhabitants Toxic wastes, air pollution, and radiation take temble tolls on
wildlife. Change in the planet’s ozone layer and in its climate threaten all animals,including
humans.

In 1971, President Jimmy Carter asked for an officialstudy of the environment. What, he asked
would our planet be like in the year 2000 if present trends continue? This study was done by
several U S government department under the direction of Dr Gerald Barney. Published in
1980, the Global 2000 report to the President provided starling warnings and predictions
about the fate of the Earth if we do not make changes in the way we treat it.

The report predicted, among other thing, that “between half a million and 2 million species –
15 to 20 per cent of all species on earth- could be extinguished by the year 2000, “ it wanted
of more hardship for the Earth’s human inhabitants as well- more starvation, for example.

This report strongy urged the government to take immediate action. It gava recommendations
for hange. But by the time the sudy was completed, RONAD Reagan had been elected
president and his administration ignored the report.

The 1980s were not a good decade for the environment. It is likely that global report now
would be even bleaker than the one published after the 1970s. Many environmentalists
wonder if we can stop the destruction of our planet before it is too late. When they ask, will
humans realize thet they are not meant to be masters of the Earth, only one of its guests ?

53. What happened to the global 2000 report made during the Jimmy Carter’s administration ?
A. It became a best-seller book
B. It was widey adopted by foreign countries
C. It became a national policy paper
D. It was forgotten by the next administration
E. Its recommendations were further investigated

54. It is likely that a global report now would be even ….than the one published after the 1970
A. More optimistic
B. Better
C. More futuristic
D. More depressing
E. Brighter

55. The word “Vanished” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to …

A. Vested
B. Survived
C. Endangered
D. Disappeared
E. emerged
56. How do humans kill animals indirectly?
A. by destroying their habitats
B. by hunting them in forests
C. by planting crops for humans food
D. by eating their meat
E. by breeding them in animals farms

Most people think that it is fine to be “busy as a beaver .“ Little do they know. Beavers may
work hard, but often they don’t get very much done.

Beavers are supposed to be great tree cutters. It is true that a beaver can gnaw through a tree
very quickly. A six-inch bitch takes about 10 minutes. But then what? Often the beaver does
not make use of the tree. One expert says that beavers waste one out of every five trees they
cut.

For one thing, they do not choose their trees wisely. One bunch of beavers cut down a
cottonwood tree more than 100 feet tall. Then they found that they could nnot move it.

Some people think that beavers can make a tree fall the way they want it to. Not true. (in fact,
beavers sometimes get pinned under a falling tree. ) When beavers cut a tree near a stream,
it usually falls into the water, but they do not plan it that way. The fact is that most trees lean
toward the water to start with.

Now, what about dam building? Most beaver dams are wnders of engimeering. The best ones
are strongly built of trees, stones, and mud. They are wide at the bottom and narrow at the
top.

Beavers think nothing of building a dam more than 200 feet long. One dam in Montana was
more than 2.000 feet long. The largest one ever seen was in new Hampshire: Il stretched 4.000
feet and made a lake large enough to hold 40 beaver homes.

So beavers do build good dams. But they don’t always build them in the right places. They just
don’t plan. They will build a dam across the widest part of the stream. They don’t try to find a
place where the stream is narrow. So a lot of their hard work is wasted.

57. What is the main idea of this passage ?

A. New Hampshire was the site of the largest beaver dam
B. Beavers are excellent dam builders
C. Beavers may be hard-working animals, but they don’t always choose the most efficient
mechanism
D. Beavers are poor surveyors of aquatic environments in some cases
E. Beavers are well-developed tree cutters

58. It is pointed out in the passage thet people have criticized reality television because ?
A. The name is inaccurate
B. It takes place in outlandish setting and anomalous circumstance
C. It shows veracity
D. It is unable to demonstrate its success that may one’s life form ‘nobody’ to ‘somebody’
E. It is depreciating
59. The author mentions Japan in the passage to display thet this country ?
A. Has produced patronizing TV shows copied elsewhere
B. Has smashingly created the first reailty television ever
C. Invented surveiliance focused productions
D. Is the only place to produce demeaning TV shows
E. Produced Big Brother

60. The word “ganw” used in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by …

A. glide
B. masticate
C. stoothe
D. blunt
E. palliate