ABSTRACT

India is an agricultural country and its economy is largely based upon crop
productivity and rainfall. For analyzing the crop productivity, rainfall prediction is
require and necessary to all farmers. Rainfall Prediction is the application of science
and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere. It is important to exactly
determine the rainfall for effective use of water resources, crop productivity and pre
planning of water structures. Using different data mining techniques it can predict
rainfall. Data mining techniques are used to estimate the rainfall numerically. This
paper focuses some of the popular data mining algorithms for rainfall prediction.
Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbour algorithm, Decision Tree, Neural Network and
fuzzy logic are some of the algorithms compared in this paper. From that
comparison, it can analyze which method gives better accuracy for rainfall
prediction.

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 TABLE

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE

NO

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BACKGROUND AND BASICS 1

1.2 EXISTING SYSTEM 1

1.3 DISADVANTEGS OF EXISTING SYSTEM 1

1.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM 2

1.5 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM 2

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 3

3. METHODOLOGY 5

3.1 SYSTEM REQUIRMENT SPECIFICATION 5

3.1.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 5

3.1.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 5

3.2 SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT 5

3.3 ARCHITECTURE 15

3.4 MODULES 16

3.5 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM 17

3.6 UML DIAGRAM 20

3.7 FEASIBILITY STUDY 23

3.8 SYSTEM DESIGN AND TESTING PLAN 24

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 29

5. CONCLUSION 30

VI

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 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE NO

3.3.1 ARCHITETURE 15

3.5.1 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM 1 18

3.5.2 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM 2 18

3.5.3 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM 3 19

3.5.4 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM 4 19

3.6.1 USECASE DIAGRAM 21

3.6.2 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 22

3.6.3 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 23

VII

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND AND BASICS
Rainfall Prediction is one of the most challenging tasks. Though already many
algorithms have being proposed but still accurate prediction of rainfall is very
difficult. In an agricultural country like India, the success or failure of the crops and
water scarcity in any year is always viewed with greatest concern. A small
fluctuation in the seasonal rainfall can have devastating impacts on agriculture
sector. Accurate rainfall prediction has a potential benefit of preventing causalities
and damages caused by natural disasters. Under certain circumstances such as
flood and drought, highly accurate rainfall prediction is useful for agriculture
management and disaster prevention. In this paper, various algorithms have been
analyzed. Data mining techniques are efficiently used in rainfall prediction.

1.2 EXISTING SYSTEM

Agriculture is the strength of our Indian economy. Farmer only depends upon
monsoon to be their cultivation. The good crop productivity needs good soil,
fertilizer and also good climate. Weather forecasting is the very important
requirement of the each farmer. Due to the sudden changes in climate/weather,
The people are suffered economically and physically. Weather prediction is one of
the challenging problems in current state. The main motivation of this paper to
predict the weather using various data mining techniques. Such as classification,
clustering, decision tree and also neural networks. Weather related information is
also called the meteorological data. In this paper the most commonly used
weather parameters are rainfall, wind speed, temperature and cold.

1.3 DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM

1.Classification
2.Clustering
3.Decision Tree

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1.4 POPOSED SYSTEM

Rainfall is important for food production plan, water resource management and all activity
plans in the nature. The occurrence of prolonged dry period or heavy rain at the critical stages
of the crop growth and development may lead to significant reduce crop yield. India is an
agricultural country and its economy is largely based upon crop productivity. Thus rainfall
prediction becomes a significant factor in agricultural countries like India. Rainfall forecasting
has been one of the most scientifically and technologically challenging problems around the
world in the last century.

1.5 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

1.Numerical Weather Pediction

2.Statistical Weather Prediction

3.Synoptic Weather Prediction

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 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

 Pritpal Singh et al.[1] Measurable investigation shows the idea of ISMR, which can't
be precisely anticipated by insights or factual information. Hence, this review
exhibits the utilization of three techniques: object creation, entropy, and artificial
neural network (ANN). In view of this innovation, another technique for anticipating
ISMR times has been created to address the idea of ISMR. This model has been
endorsed and supported by the studio and exploration data. Factual examination of
different information and near investigations showing the presentation of the normal
technique
 Sam Carmer , Michael Kampouridis, Alex A. Freitas , Antonios Alexandridis et al.[2]
The primary impact of this movement is to exhibit the advantages of AI calculations,
just as the more prominent degree of clever framework than the advanced rainfall
determining methods. We analyze and think about the momentum execution
(Markov chain stretched out by rainfall research) with the forecasts of the six most
notable AI machines: Genetic programming, Vector relapse support, radio
organizations, M5 organizations, M5 models, models - Happy. To work with a more
itemized appraisal, we led a rainfall overview utilizing information from 42
metropolitan urban communities.

 Sahar Hadi Poura , Shamsuddin Shahida, Eun-Sung chungb et al. [3] RF was
utilized to anticipate assuming that it would rain in one day, while SVM was utilized
to foresee downpour on a blustery day. The limit of the Hybrid model was fortified by
the decrease of day-by-day rainfall in three spots at the rainfall level in the eastern
piece of Malaysia. Crossover models have likewise been found to emulate the full
change, the quantity of days straight, 95% of the month-to-month rainfall, and the
dispersion of the noticed rainfall
.
 Tanvi Patil, Dr. Kamal Shah et al. [4] The reason for the framework is to anticipate

3
 the climate sooner or later. Climatic still up in the air utilizing various sorts of factors
all over the place. Of these, main the main highlights are utilized in climate
conjectures. Picking something like this relies a great deal upon the time you pick.
Underlying displaying is utilized to incorporate the fate of demonstrating, AI
applications, data trade, and character examination.

 N.Divya Prabha, P. Radha et al. [5] Contrasted with different spots where rainfall
information isn't accessible, it consumes a large chunk of the day to build up a solid
water overview for a long time. Improving complex neural organizations is intended
to be a brilliant instrument for anticipating the stormy season. This downpour
succession was affirmed utilizing a complex perceptron neural organization.
Estimations like MSE (Early Modeling), NMSE (Usually Early Error), and the
arrangement of informational collections for transient arranging are clear in the
examination of different organizations, like Adanaive. AdaSVM.
 Senthamil Selvi S, Seetha et al. [6] In this paper, Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
innovation is utilized to foster a climate anticipating strategy to distinguish rainfall
utilizing Indian rainfall information. Along these lines, Feed Forward Neural Network
(FFNN) was utilized utilizing the Backpropagation Algorithm. Execution of the two
models is assessed dependent on emphasis examination, Mean Square Error
(MSE) and Magnitude of Relative Error (MRE). This report likewise gives a future
manual for rainfall determining.

 YashasAthreya, VaishaliBV, SagarK and SrinidhiHR, et al.[7] This page features

rainfall investigation speculations utilizing Machine Learning. The principle
motivation behind utilizing this program is to secure against the impacts of floods.
This program can be utilized by conventional residents or the public authority to
anticipate what will occur before the flood. The flood card, then, at that point, furnish
them with the vital help by moving versatile or other important measures.

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 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 System Requirement Specification

3.1.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

System - Windows7/10
Speed - 2.4GHZ
Hard disk - 40GB
Monitor - 15VGA Color
Ram - 4GB

3.1.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

Coding Language - PYTHON
IDE - PYCHARM

3.2 SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT

Python:

Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented scripting language. Python is

designed to be highly readable. It uses English keywords frequently where as other languages use
punctuation, and it has fewer syntactical constructions than other languages.

 Python is Interpreted − Python is processed at runtime by the interpreter. You do not need
to compile your program before executing it. This is similar to PERL and PHP.

 Python is Interactive − You can actually sit at a Python prompt and interact with the
interpreter directly to write your programs.

 Python is Object-Oriented − Python supports Object-Oriented style or technique of

programming that encapsulates code within objects.

 Python is a Beginner's Language − Python is a great language for the beginner-level

programmers and supports the development of a wide range of applications from simple text
processing to WWW browsers to games.

History of Python

Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and early nineties at the National
Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science in the Netherlands.

5
Python is derived from many other languages, including ABC, Modula-3, C, C++, Algol-68,
SmallTalk, and Unix shell and other scripting languages.

Python is copyrighted. Like Perl, Python source code is now available under the GNU General
Public License (GPL).

Python is now maintained by a core development team at the institute, although Guido van Rossum
still holds a vital role in directing its progress.

Python Features

Python's features include −

 Easy-to-learn − Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly defined
syntax. This allows the student to pick up the language quickly.

 Easy-to-read − Python code is more clearly defined and visible to the eyes.

 Easy-to-maintain − Python's source code is fairly easy-to-maintain.

 A broad standard library − Python's bulk of the library is very portable and cross-
platform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh.

 Interactive Mode − Python has support for an interactive mode which allows
interactive testing and debugging of snippets of code.

 Portable − Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms and has the
same interface on all platforms.

 Extendable − You can add low-level modules to the Python interpreter. These
modules enable programmers to add to or customize their tools to be more efficient.

 Databases − Python provides interfaces to all major commercial databases.

 GUI Programming − Python supports GUI applications that can be created and
ported to many system calls, libraries and windows systems, such as Windows
MFC, Macintosh, and the X Window system of Unix.

 Scalable − Python provides a better structure and support for large programs than
shell scripting.

6
Getting Python
The most up-to-date and current source code, binaries, documentation, news, etc., is
available on the official website of Python https://www.python.org.
Windows Installation
Here are the steps to install Python on Windows machine.
 Open a Web browser and go to https://www.python.org/downloads/.

 Follow the link for the Windows installer python-XYZ.msifile where XYZ is the
version you need to install.

 To use this installer python-XYZ.msi, the Windows system must support Microsoft
Installer 2.0. Save the installer file to your local machine and then run it to find out if
your machine supports MSI.

 Run the downloaded file. This brings up the Python install wizard, which is really
easy to use. Just accept the default settings, wait until the install is finished, and you
are done.

The Python language has many similarities to Perl, C, and Java. However, there are some
definite differences between the languages.

First Python Program

Let us execute programs in different modes of programming.

Interactive Mode Programming

Invoking the interpreter without passing a script file as a parameter brings up the following
prompt −

$ python

Python2.4.3(#1,Nov112010,13:34:43)

[GCC 4.1.220080704(RedHat4.1.2-48)] on linux2

Type"help","copyright","credits"or"license"for more information.

>>>

7
Comments
Python has commenting capability for the purpose of in-code documentation.
Comments start with a #, and Python will render the rest of the line as a comment:
Example
Comments in Python:
#This is a comment.
print("Hello, World!")
Docstrings
Python also has extended documentation capability, called docstrings.
Docstrings can be one line, or multiline.
Python uses triple quotes at the beginning and end of the docstring:
Example
Docstrings are also comments:
"""This is a
multiline docstring."""
print("Hello, World!")
3.3 ARCHITECTURE

3.3.1 ARCHITETURE FIGURE

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