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    Lab Work 5: Heat Equation

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    Asma Zerrouki
    This document describes the variational formulation and numerical solution of the heat equation. It presents: 1) The heat equation and its variational formulation, which finds the solution in function spaces satisfying the weak form of the PDE. 2) The implicit Euler method for numerically solving the variational form over time, which iterates from the previous time step solution. 3) Two exercises asking to apply the implicit Euler method to example heat equations, computing temperatures at points over time and verifying decay.

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    Lab Work 5: Heat Equation

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    Asma Zerrouki
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    This document describes the variational formulation and numerical solution of the heat equation. It presents: 1) The heat equation and its variational formulation, which finds the solution in function spaces satisfying the weak form of the PDE. 2) The implicit Euler method for numerically solving the variational form over time, which iterates from the previous time step solution. 3) Two exercises asking to apply the implicit Euler method to example heat equations, computing temperatures at points over time and verifying decay.

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    This document describes the variational formulation and numerical solution of the heat equation. It presents: 1) The heat equation and its variational formulation, which finds the solution in function spaces satisfying the weak form of the PDE. 2) The implicit Euler method for numerically solving the variational form over time, which iterates from the previous time step solution. 3) Two exercises asking to apply the implicit Euler method to example heat equations, computing temperatures at points over time and verifying decay.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views3 pages

    Lab Work 5: Heat Equation

    Uploaded by

    Asma Zerrouki
    This document describes the variational formulation and numerical solution of the heat equation. It presents: 1) The heat equation and its variational formulation, which finds the solution in function spaces satisfying the weak form of the PDE. 2) The implicit Euler method for numerically solving the variational form over time, which iterates from the previous time step solution. 3) Two exercises asking to apply the implicit Euler method to example heat equations, computing temperatures at points over time and verifying decay.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    2 VARIATIONAL FORMULATION

    LW 5 2015-2016
    Master Maths K M University

    Lab Work 5 : Heat equation

    1 Heat equation
    Suppose we have a solid body occupying a region Ω ⊂ R2 . The temperature distribution
    in the body can be given by a function u : Ω × [0, T ] → R where [0, T ] is an interval of
    time and u(x, t) is the temperature at a point x = (x1 , x2 ) and at time t.
    Let us denote the heat entering from external sources by f (x, t) and λ to the conductivity
    constant of the material. If the material is homogeneous (the same everywhere) and not
    changing with time. The the heat equation reads :
    c ∂u f
    = ∆u + (1)
    λ ∂t λ
    where c is positive constant depends on the density of the material. Since c and λ are
    constants and the equation simplifies to
    ∂u
    − ∆u = f. (2)
    ∂t
    To determine the steady state temperature distribution in a body we need to know not
    only the sources and sinks within the body (given by f ), but also what is happening at
    the boundary and at the initial time, say, t0 = 0. For example a common situation is that
    the boundary is held at a given temperature u0 , then the boundary value problem takes
    the form :
    ∂u(x, t)

     ∂t − ∆u(x, t) = f (x, t), (x, t) ∈ Ω×]0, T [.


    u(x, t) = 0 x ∈ ∂Ω×]0, T [ (3)


    u(x, 0) = u0 , x ∈ Ω

    2 Variational formulation



     Find u ∈ L2 (0, T, H01 (Ω)) ∩ C 0 (0, T, L2 (Ω)) such that
     Z Z
     d
    uvdx + ∇u · ∇vdx = hf, vi , ∀v ∈ Ω. (4)

     dt Ω Ω

    u(x, 0) = u0 .

    page: 1/ ??
    3 SOME SCHEMES

    Theorem 2.1 (Raviart-Thomas p. 162) Assume that f ∈ L2 (Ω×]0, T [) and u0 ∈ L2 (Ω).


    Then the boundary values problem (??) has a unique solution. Moreover, this solution
    satisfies
    (
    kukC 0 ([0,T ],L2 (Ω)) ≤ C (ku0 kL2 (Ω) + kf kL2 (Ω×]0,T [) )
    (5)
    kukL2 (]0,T [,H01 (Ω)) ≤ C (ku0 kL2 (Ω) + kf kL2 (Ω×]0,T [) )

    3 Some schemes
    3.1 Explicite Euler’s scheme

    ∂u un+1
    j − unj
    (xj , tn ) ≈ (6)
    ∂t ∆t

    3.2 Implicite Euler’s scheme

    ∂u unj − ujn−1
    (xj , tn ) ≈ (7)
    ∂t ∆t
    So the iteration will be as follows :

    ä Give un−1
    ä We compute un by the following formula :
    Z  n
    u − un−1
     Z Z
    n
    vdx + ∇u · ∇vdx = f vdx (8)
    Ω ∆t Ω Ω

    which is equivalent to
    Z Z Z Z
    u vdx + ∆t ∇u · ∇vdx = ∆t f vdx + un−1 vdx
    n n
    (9)
    ω ω Ω Ω

    ä We do a loop on time.
    mesh Sh ;
    f e s p a c e Vh( Sh , P1 ) ;
    Vh u , v , f , u0 ;
    f u n c s o u r c e =;
    f u n c i n i d a t a =;
    f= s o u r c e ;
    u0=i n i d a t a ;
    r e a l dt =;
    problem Heat ( u , v ) = i n t 2 d ( Sh ) ( dt ∗mu∗ ( dx ( u ) ∗ dx ( v)+dy ( u ) ∗ dy ( v ) ) + u∗v )
    −i n t 2 d ( Sh ) ( dt ∗ f ∗v+u0∗v )
    +on ( 1 , u =0);
    f o r ( i n t i t e r =1; i t e r < 1 0 ; i t e r ++)
    {
    Heat ;
    u0=u ;
    p l o t ( Sh , u , f i l l =1, w a i t =1, v a l u e=t r u e ) ;
    }

    page: 2/ ??
    3.2 Implicite Euler’s scheme 3 SOME SCHEMES

    Exercise 1 For the example presented in Figure ??, we suppose that


    ä the initial data u0 = 0.
    ä The source is set to
    (
    10 if (x − 2.5)2 + (y − 2.5)2 ≤ 0.25
    f (t, x, y) = (10)
    0 if not

    1. Compute (numerically) the temperature at point (3,1) for all times.


    2. At time t = 1s compute the temperature at the points (2,1) (4,1) and (8,1).

    x = 10 − 8 sin(t); y = 5 − 2 cos(t); 0 ≤ t ≤ π/2

    (x − 2.5)2 + (y − 2.5)2 = 0.25

    Figure 1 – The domain Ω

    Exercise 2 We want to solve the following heat equation in Ω =]0, 6[×]0, 1[

    ∂u(x, t)
    − div (a(x)∇u(x, t)) = 0, (x, t) ∈ Ω×]0, 5[. (11)
    ∂t
    ∂u
    a(x) + 0.25(u − 25) = 0, x ∈ ΓN ×]0, 5[ (12)
    ∂n
    u(x, 0) = u0 , x ∈ Ω ∪ ΓD (13)

    where, u0 = 10 + 15x1 , ΓD = {x1 = 0 and x1 = 6} and the function a(x) is given by


    (
    2 if x2 < 0.5
    a(x) = (14)
    0.2 if x2 ≥ 0.5

    1. Compute (numerically) the temperature at point (3,0.5) for all times.


    2. Show that this temperature decays when t ∈ [0, 5].

    page: 3/ ??

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