Cambridge IGCSE™

COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/42

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2022
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 80

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2022 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level
components.

This document consists of 12 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any
correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus
terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where
necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

• The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
• Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
• Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
• Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this should
be treated as a single incorrect response.
• Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by
the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a  10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

Mark scheme abbreviations

; separates marking points

/ separates alternative responses for the same marking point
ecf error carried forward
AVP any valid point
ORA or reverse argument
AW alternative wording
underline actual word given must be used by candidate (grammatical variants accepted)
() the word / phrase in brackets is not required but sets the context

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Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) 3
letter in name of part
Fig. 1.1

(B) (left) ventricle ;

D; (septum)

(F) valve ;

1(a)(ii) arrow(s) showing correct direction ; 1

1(a)(iii) separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood ; 2

allows for different levels of blood pressure / AW ;

1(b)(i) 20–29 / 80+ ; 1

1(b)(ii) 18  100 ÷ 54 / 18 + 36 / 54 ; 2
33(%) ;

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Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) O2; 3
C;
2Fe ;

2(a)(ii) hematite ; 1

2(a)(iii) (nitrogen) comes from the air (which enters the furnace) ; 1

2(a)(iv) sulfur dioxide ; 1

2(b)(i) mixture of a metal with (an)other element(s) ; 1

2(b)(ii) any two from: 2

(stainless steel / ORA)
is strong(er) ;
is (more) malleable ;
does not, corrode / rust (as easily) ;
AVP ;

Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) S; 1

3(b)(i) 341  3600 ÷ 1000 (= 1228 km / h) ; 1

3(b)(ii) evidence of, acceleration = change in speed ÷ time / 341 ÷ 20.0 ; 3

17.1 ;
m / s2 ;

3(b)(iii) evidence of, KE = ½ m v2 / ½  10600  341  341 ; 2

6.16 x 108 (J) ;

3(b)(iv) evidence of, P = E ÷ t / 6.16  108 ÷ 20.0 ; 2

3.08  107 (W) ;

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Question Answer Marks

4(a)(i) cortex ; 2
(spongy / palisade) mesophyll ;

4(a)(ii) large surface area ; 2

increases rate of absorption (of water) ;

4(b) at higher humidity there is more water vapour in the air ; 3

diffusion / concentration gradient, decreases (as humidity increases) ;
less evaporation / less diffusion ;

4(c) any two from: 2

(pollen from)
• insect-pollinated flowers is, sticky / covered in spikes ;
• insect-pollinated flowers is produced in smaller quantities ;
• wind-pollinated flowers is lighter ;

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Question Answer Marks

5(a) 2
true for true for true for both
ethane only ethene only ethane and ethene

is a hydrocarbon ✓

is a saturated
✓
compound

changes the colour of

✓
aqueous bromine

one correct ;
all three correct ;

5(b) 4; 2
double bond / two bonds each, containing two electrons ;

5(c)(i) blue (to) pink ; 2

water (vapour) is made ;

5(c)(ii) limewater turns milky ; 2

because carbon dioxide is made ;

5(d) idea that, many (ethene) molecules join ; 2

correct reference to, monomer / (addition) polymerisation ;

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Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) 1 1 1 2
evidence of, = + ;
RT R1 R2

72 × 36 2592 72 1 1
/ / / + (= 24 ) ;
72 + 36 108 3 72 36

6(a)(ii) evidence of, R = V ÷ I / 240 ÷ 24 ; 2

10 (A) ;

6(b) (total resistance increases so) current decreases ; 3

current decreases so thermal energy output decreases ;
evidence of, P = V I / E = V I t ;

6(c) resistance is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area ; 2

wire in element 2 has greater cross-sectional area ;

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Question Answer Marks

7(a) Both types of digestion always form soluble molecules. 2

Both types of digestion take place in the mouth. ✓ ;

Both types of digestion use enzymes.
Only chemical digestion takes place in the stomach.
Only mechanical digestion involves no chemical change. ✓ ;

7(b)(i) lipase / amylase ; 1

7(b)(ii) substrate protein AND 1

product amino acid ;

7(c)(i) (protease) denatures / changes shape ; 3

reference to active site ;
will not, fit / bind with substrate (into active site) ;

7(c)(ii) (protease) does not work / denatures, at low pH / in acid conditions ; 2

gastric juice, contains hydrochloric acid / has a low pH ;

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Question Answer Marks

8(a)(i) any two from: 2

solid does not conduct / only liquid conducts / only conducts in molten state ;
energy required to overcome forces (between ions) ;
ions in a solid cannot move / ions in a liquid can move ;

8(a)(ii) temperature any temperature greater than 373 °C AND 1

explanation lead bromide must be, molten / a liquid / above the melting point of lead bromide ;

8(a)(iii) lead forms as a liquid AND 1

explanation lead has a lower melting point than lead bromide / idea that if lead bromide is liquid, it is above the
melting point of lead / melting point of lead is below the temperature of the electrolysis / AW ;

8(b) cathode 2
gain
atoms

two correct ;
all three correct ;

8(c) orange / brown ; 1

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Question Answer Marks

9(a)(i) 2
gamma visible
X-rays ; microwaves ;
radiation light

9(a)(ii) evidence of, v = f / 3  108 ÷ 2.48  109 ; 2

0.1(21) (m);

9(a)(iii) (X-rays) damage cells / cause cancer ; 1

9(b)(i) any two from: 2

evaporation (from surface of liquid) ;
convection (by heating air above the surface) ;
conduction (through cups) ;
radiation (from outside of cup) ;

9(b)(ii) (cup B / ORA) 2

has greater surface area ;
so increased (rate of) evaporation ;

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