Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2023. V. 26, No 2. P. 173-179.

Hetero- and low-dimensional structures

Peculiarities of the effect of different types of SOR nanoimpurities

on the value of ionic component of the electrical conductivity
of the homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal 6 СВ
Y.A. Garbovskiy1, P. Kopčanský2, O.V. Kovalchuk3,4*, T.M. Kovalchuk5, L.V. Volokh4
1
Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Central Connecticut State University,
1615 Stanley str., New Britain, CT 06050 USA
2
Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences
47, Watsonova str., 04001 Košice, Slovakia
E-mail: kopcan@saske.sk
3
Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 46, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
4
Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design,
2, Nemirovich-Danchenko str., 01011 Kyiv, Ukraine
5
V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine
41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
*
Corresponding author e-mail: akoval@knutd.com.ua

Abstract. In this paper, the effects of SOR5, SOR10, and SOR15 nanoimpurities on the
value of the ionic conductivity of the homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal 6CB
are reported. Electrical measurements are carried out within a wide frequency range (from
6 Hz to 106 Hz) at room temperature (293 K). The largest changes in the electrical
conductivity occur in the low-frequency range (less than 103 Hz) and depend on the type of
nanoimpurity and on its concentration. Despite the similarity in the chemical composition
of SOR5, SOR10, and SOR15, the measured dependences of the electrical conductivity of
the studied samples on the concentration of nanoimpurities are substantially different. In
the case of the SOR10 impurity, the ionic component of the electrical conductivity depends
on the concentration of SOR10 according to a power law with an exponent approximately
equal to 0.5, which is typical for the bimolecular recombination of charge carriers (i.e., the
behavior of a weak electrolyte). Liquid crystal samples containing SOR5 and SOR15
nanoimpurities behave in a similar way in a low concentration region (between 0.01 and
0.05 mass %). Interestingly, further increase in the concentration of nanodopants
(>0.05 mass %) results in a dramatically different behavior. The electrical conductivity of
liquid crystals doped with SOR5 undergoes a sharp increase whereas the electrical
conductivity of samples containing SOR15 decreases.

Keywords: dielectric properties, nematic liquid crystal, homeotropic alignment of

molecules, ionic conductivity, nanoimpurity concentration.

https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo26.02.173
PACS 61.30.Gd, 61.72.sd, 66.10.Ed, 77.84.Nh

Manuscript received 10.04.23; revised version received 03.05.23; accepted for publication
07.06.23; published online 26.06.23.

1. Introduction the effects of nanoparticle concentration and cell thickness

on the frequency dependence of the components of the
In our recent work [1], we investigated the effect of complex dielectric permittivity on the frequency of the
SOR5 nanoparticles on the dielectric properties of the measuring signal. Because in addition to SOR5, the
homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal (LC) 6CB samples of liquid crystals doped with other nano-
within the frequency range 6 to 106 Hz. The measured impurities of similar chemical composition, in particular
frequency spectrum was separated into three regions. For SOR10 and SOR15, were prepared at the Institute of
each of these regions, conclusions were drawn regarding Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences,

© V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of the NAS of Ukraine, 2023

© Publisher PH “Akademperiodyka” of the NAS of Ukraine, 2023
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it was important to investigate how the type of impurity 2. Research materials and methods
will affect the changes in the electrical conductivity of
the same liquid crystal materials. One of the first Like in the work [1], we used nematic liquid crystal 6CB.
questions that arise in such studies is the question of how The measuring cells had a sandwich structure. For this
much each of the impurities changes the electrical type of cells, the conditions at the periphery of the
properties of the liquid crystal itself [2, 3]. Therefore, it sample can have a significant impact because of edge
was important to study exactly the region of the dielectric effects. Therefore, the measuring electrodes had two
spectrum, where the presence of an impurity affects the sections – central and peripheral. Just the central part of
LC conductivity. the sample was used as the measuring electrode. The
It is known [2–5] that molecular liquid crystals have peripheral part was used as a guard electrode (to
an ionic type of conductivity. In the works [2–5], it was eliminate edge effects). The electric current through this
shown in detail that purely ionic conductivity of liquids part of the sample did not affect the measurement
does not depend on the frequency. The same can be process. As in [1], we used ITO electrodes (a mixture of
applied to molecular LC because they are anisotropic tin and indium oxides) that are transparent in the visible
dielectric liquids. From a scientific viewpoint, it was range of the optical spectrum.
important to uncover how this quantity could be The homeotropic alignment of LC in the cell was
estimated. In our previous works, it was shown that, achieved in the same way as described in [1].
under certain conditions, it is possible to define the Examinations of samples using a polarizing microscope
regions of the dielectric spectrum where the LC showed that even at the maximum concentration of the
conductivity even with various types of impurities does impurity (0.1 mass %), the homeotropic orientation of
not depend on the frequency. LC molecules was not disturbed even in the absence of
The simplest ways are to increase the thickness of electric field. Since 6CB has a positive value of dielectric
the measuring cell and reduce the frequency of the permittivity anisotropy, then external electric field was
measuring signal [1]. Even though the measuring device an additional stabilizing factor for the homeotropic
did not allow performing the research at very low alignment of LC molecules.
frequencies, the search for regions of the dielectric The research was performed using cells of three
spectrum, where the value of the dielectric permittivity different thicknesses d (5, 20 and 50 μm). The thickness
did not depend on the frequency, was carried out on the of the cell was controlled by polymer spacers that were
basis of the analysis of the dielectric spectra obtained at applied to the guard electrodes. To reduce the influence
various frequencies of the measuring signal. of the environment, after filling the cell, it was sealed by
Therefore, the purpose of this work was (i) to applying epoxy glue around the perimeter of the sample.
ascertain, through research at various thicknesses of the In this work, we investigated LC 6CB doped with
liquid crystal, under which conditions it is possible to SOR5, SOR10, and SOR15 impurities by using three
define a region of the dielectric spectrum where the impurity concentrations: 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mass %.
conductivity of the liquid crystal containing a specific Even though some results describing the effect of SOR5
impurity does not depend on the frequency (in the case of impurity on the ionic conductivity of 6CB were reported
adding SOR10 and SOR15 impurities into 6CB), and in our previous work [1], a comparative analysis of the
(ii) to investigate the peculiarities of the influence of effect of different types of SOR-based nanodopants on
these impurities on the LC conductivity. Since this the ionic conductivity of liquid crystal 6CB is still
problem was not considered in the publication [1], it was missing.
addressed in this paper. That is, the main task of this The study of the dielectric properties of 6CB with
work was to investigate how the SOR5, SOR10 and SOR5 impurities was carried out using the oscilloscopic
SOR15 impurities affect the ionic conductivity of 6CB. method [7, 8] and sinusoidal measuring signals. The
In the case of the SOR5 impurity, we took advantage of amplitude of the measuring signal was 2.5 V. The
the results obtained in [1]. dielectric properties of the samples were measured within
It was noted in [1] that the effect of the SOR5 the frequency range f = 6…106 Hz at the temperature
impurity on the 6CB conductivity has not been studied 293 K. Using the oscilloscopic method, the values of
before. The same is applied to the SOR10 and SOR15 electrical resistance R and electrical capacitance C were
impurities. That is, the study of the effects of the SOR5, found for individual frequencies, assuming that the
SOR10, and SOR15 impurities on the ionic conductivity equivalent circuit of the sample is a resistor and a
of nematic liquid crystal 6CB can be considered as the capacitor connected in parallel. To analyze frequency
scientific novelty of the present paper. In previous works dependences, we used a logarithmic scale (since the
analyzed in detail in the reviews [3, 6], the possibility of frequency of the measurement signal varied within rather
different effects of nanoparticles on the ionic wide ranges). The frequencies of the generator were
conductivity of molecular liquid crystals was noted. This chosen so that the interval between them in the
work experimentally demonstrates three types of logarithmic scale was the same.
behavior inherent to the ionic conductivity of molecular According to the known geometric dimensions of
liquid crystals doped with the SOR5, SOR10, and SOR15 the studied samples, on the basis of the obtained values
nanoimpurities. of resistance R and capacitance C of the samples,

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the imaginary ε" and real ε' components of the complex

dielectric permittivity ε* were obtained, respectively. As 120
will be shown below, the main parameter for analysis in '
this work is the resistance of the sample, and the main
meaning of this analysis is the conductivity value of the
80
samples σ at various frequencies. The main conclusions
of the present work were made by analyzing the
1
frequency dependences of σ.
2
As it was already noted above, in this work it was
40 3
necessary to investigate the effect of SOR5, SOR10 and
SOR15 impurities on the ionic conductivity of LC 6CB.
A characteristic feature of the manifestation of only ionic
conductivity is the absence of dependence of
conductivity on frequency [4, 5]. The performed studies 101 102 103 104 105 106
using various thicknesses of LC as well as various f, Hz
concentrations of impurities showed that these
dependences are observed at the lowest of the selected Fig. 1. Frequency dependences of the real component of the
frequencies of the measuring signal and the largest of the complex permittivity ε' for the homeotropically oriented
selected thicknesses of the measuring cell (50 μm). nematic liquid crystal 6CB doped with the impurities SOR5 (1),
SOR10 (2), and SOR15 (3). The impurity concentration is
Therefore, in the experimental part of this work, an
0.1 mass %, the thickness of the samples is 50 μm. The
analysis of the frequency dependences of the temperature is 293 K (nematic phase of the liquid crystal).
conductivity obtained using 50 μm thick cells is
presented.
more important for analysis. As we noted in [8], a
3. Experimental results and their analysis
uniform distribution of the electric field across the
Fig. 1 shows the frequency dependences of the real (ε') sample thickness is typical for this range of frequencies.
component of the complex dielectric permittivity of For homeotropic alignment of molecules, the dielectric
nematic liquid crystals 6CB containing the maximum permittivity in this frequency range must be equal to the
concentration (0.1 mass %) of impurities SOR5 (curve 1), dielectric permittivity along the long axis of molecules.
SOR10 (curve 2) and SOR15 (curve 3). This is observed for the SOR5 and SOR10 impurities,
Similar to the analysis of dielectric spectrum respectively, curves 1 and 2 in Fig. 1.
reported in the work [1], three regions of the measured In the case of the SOR15 impurity, slightly smaller
frequency dependence can be distinguished. There are values of ε' were obtained than those for the homeotropic
two regions for f < 102 Hz and f > 2·105 Hz, where orientation of 6CB molecules. The reason for this may be
changes in the value of ε' are observed with a change in not the strictly homeotropic alignment of 6CB molecules,
the frequency of the measuring signal f, and the plateau but a randomly tilted alignment of these molecules due to
region of the spectrum, where the value of ε' does not the impact of the impurity on the alignment quality of the
depend on the frequency. As it was noted in the works of electrode. Minor changes in the alignment capabilities of
other authors [9], as well as in our works [1, 8], changes the electrode can be caused by the partial adsorption of
in the value of ε' depending on the low frequencies impurity molecules on the electrodes. A significant
(<10 Hz) are caused by near-electrode processes. In this difference in the value of ε' at f < 100 Hz for three
case, to ensure charge exchange between the electrode various impurities, as will be shown below, is the main
and LC, almost the entire voltage of the measuring signal reason for the change in the dielectric spectrum
will be applied across the near-electrode area. This leads depending on the impurity type.
to a significant increase in the effective value of ε'. In the case of dielectric spectroscopy method, the
Although, in fact, the value of ε' does not increase. This frequency dependences of the real ε' and imaginary ε''
components of the complex dielectric permittivity ε*
apparent increase is caused by the nonuniform
have been mainly analyzed. The analysis of the data
distribution of the applied electric field across the sample
obtained by us showed that to compare the influence of
thickness [8].
SOR5, SOR10 and SOR15 impurities on the electrical
In the region of the dielectric spectrum for
properties of 6CB, it is better to analyze not the
f > 2·105 Hz, the decrease in the value of ε' with
frequency dependence of ε'', but the frequency
increasing the frequency is caused by dipole polarization.
dependence of the alternating current (AC) electrical
Dipoles of molecules have no time to return in a time
conductivity σAC. As is known [8–11], the values of ε''
interval close to the period of the measuring signal. This
and σAC are related by the relation:
phenomenon is typical for the most liquids and will not
be analyzed in detail.  AC  2f  0  , (1)
In this work, the region of dielectric spectrum
where the value of ε' does not depend on the frequency is where ε0 is the electric constant.

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10-3 As is known [4, 5, 10, 11], the frequency regions

where the value of σAC does not depend on the frequency
correspond to the ionic conductivity of weak electrolytes,
10-4 SOR10 including LC. At the same time, it is important to know a
AC, Ohm-1m-1

type of quantitative dependence of the ionic conductivity

10-5 1 of the liquid crystals (6CB) on the concentration of the
2 introduced impurity. The dependence of the electrical
3 conductivity of 6CB on the concentration of the SOR10
10-6 impurity is shown in Fig. 3 (curve 2).
From the analysis of the dependence of the ionic
conductivity of 6CB on the concentration of SOR10 im-
10-7
purities (curve 2), it can be concluded that for a given range
of concentrations it can be described by a power law, i.e.
101 102 103 104 105 106  AC  a c 0.48 , (2)
f, Hz
where a is some constant. Taking the measurement error
Fig. 2. Frequency dependences of the conductivity σAC of 6CB into account, the value of the exponent in the relation (2)
measured using three concentrations of SOR10 impurity: is 0.48 ± 0.04. That is, the power factor found from the
0.01 (1), 0.05 (2), and 0.1 mass % (3). The sample thickness is experimental data for the dependence of the 6CB
50 μm. The temperature is 293 K. conductivity on the concentration of SOR10 impurities is
close to 0.5. As is known [12], it corresponds to the
bimolecular recombination of charge carriers. If we
Fig. 2 shows the frequency dependences of the assume that nanoimpurities can be a source of ions
conductivity σAC of 6СВ doped with the SOR10 impurity [13–15], then similar behavior can be predicted for
of three concentrations (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mass %). molecular liquid crystals with nanoparticles [16]. As was
From the analysis of the frequency dependences of shown in the paper [17], even minor degree of ionic
σAC shown in Fig. 2, it is possible to draw an unequivocal contamination of nanodopants can result in the behaviour
conclusion – the highest difference in the conductivity similar to that of weak electrolytes in liquid crystals
depending on the concentration of the SOR10 impurity is described by equation (2).
observed at the frequencies f < 103 Hz. A characteristic The complex behavior (Fig. 3) can be explained by
feature of this frequency range is the presence of a taking into account several competing processes.
frequency range where the value of σAC does not depend Nanoimpurities are coated with oleic acid to prevent
on the frequency f. In Fig. 2, these regions are marked aggregation [1]. It is known that these nanoparticles can
with the solid lines. It is important to note that the width act as a source of ions, which leads to an increase in ionic
of this region (for the frequency range in which the conductivity [13–17]. This behavior is observed in its
research was carried out) is the largest at the maximum purest form for the SOR10 impurity (Fig. 3, curve 2). For
concentration of the SOR10 impurity (curve 3 in Fig. 2) a given level of ionic contamination of nanodopants and
and decreases with a decrease in the concentration of liquid crystals, there is a saturation effect, i.e., the
SOR10. electrical conductivity reaches its saturation level and
does not increase anymore [16, 17]. However, even in
this case the ions can still be adsorbed on the electrode
surface, leading to a decrease in electrical conductivity
1 with an increase in the concentration of nanoimpurities
(SOR15 impurities, Fig. 3, curve 3). Under some circum-
10-7 stances, the alignment layer can also act as a source of
AC, Ohm-1m-1

3 ions, increasing the ionic conductivity. For the same mass

concentration, nanoparticles of smaller size have a higher
2 volume concentration. This can lead to aggregation of
nanoparticles and desorption of oleic acid with its
subsequent dissociation. As a result, it will lead to a
sharper increase in ionic conductivity (SOR5 impurities,
Fig. 3, curve 1).
Fig. 4, as well as Fig. 2, shows the frequency depen-
dence of the AC electrical conductivity of 6CB doped
10-2 10-1 with several concentrations of the SOR5 impurity. The
c, mass % obtained dependences σAC(f) (Fig. 4) differ a little from
Fig. 3. Dependence of the ionic conductivity of the nematic the data shown in Fig. 2. The main difference is that the
liquid crystal 6CB on the concentration of impurities: SOR5 frequency range, where the value of σAC does not depend
(1), SOR10 (2) and SOR15 (3). The sample thickness is 50 μm. on the frequency of the measuring signal f, is wider than
The temperature is 293 K. in the case when the SOR10 impurity was added to 6СВ.

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10-3 Fig. 5 shows the frequency dependence of the AC

electrical conductivity of liquid crystals 6CB doped with
the SOR15 impurity of varying concentrations.
10-4 The obtained frequency dependences of
SOR5
AC, Ohm-1m-1

conductivity σAC of 6CB doped with SOR15 impurity at

10-5 three concentrations shown in Fig. 5 differ a little from
1 the data shown in Figs 2 and 4. The main difference is
2 that, at the frequencies higher than 103 Hz, the
10-6 3 conductivity of samples containing the lowest SOR15
impurity concentration of 0.01 mass % (curve 1) differs
10-7 more significantly than in the case of SOR5 and SOR10
impurities from the data obtained for other
concentrations. Because for all three impurities, the
101 102 103 104 105 106 largest changes in conductivity occur precisely at the
f, Hz frequencies f < 103 Hz, we will not analyze the cause of
this effect. The analysis of the concentration dependence
Fig. 4. Frequency dependences of conductivity σAC of 6СВ
of the ionic component of the LC conductivity is more
measured using three concentrations of the SOR5 impurity:
0.01 (1), 0.05 (2) and 0.1 mass % (3). The sample thickness is important.
50 μm. The temperature is 293 K. Like in the case of SOR5 and SOR10 impurities, the
concentration dependences of σAC of 6СВ containing
three concentrations of the SOR15 impurity are shown in
10-3 Fig. 3 (curve 3). From the analysis of the obtained data, it
follows that these dependences are significantly different
from those in the case of the presence of SOR5 or
10-4 SOR15
SOR10 impurities in 6CB. Similar to the case of SOR5
AC, Ohm-1m-1

impurity, the concentration dependence of conductivity

10-5 1 cannot be described by a power law over an entire
2 concentration range. For concentrations higher than
3 0.05 mass %, further increase in the concentration of
10-6
SOR15 impurity (from 0.05 up to 0.1 mass %) leads to a
decrease in the value of σAC. At the same time, the
10-7 maximum value of conductivity is observed for the
impurity concentration of 0.05 mass %.
101 102 103 104 105 106 4. Conclusions
f, Hz
1. It has been shown that the SOR5, SOR10 and
Fig. 5. Frequency dependences of conductivity σAC of 6СВ
SOR15 impurities do not significantly affect the value of
measured using three concentrations of SOR15 impurity:
0.01 (1), 0.05 (2) and 0.1 mass % (3). The sample thickness is the real component of the complex dielectric permittivity
50 μm. The temperature is 293 K. (ε'). The largest changes are observed for the lowest
frequencies (f < 102 Hz) and may be caused by the
different influence of the impurity on the near electrode
Like in the case of the SOR10 impurity, the processes in liquid crystal samples.
dependence of σAC value on the concentration of the 2. For all types of impurities, the largest changes in
SOR5 impurity was analyzed in more detail. This the LC conductivity are observed in the frequency range
dependence is shown in Fig. 3 (curve 1). In contrast to f < 103 Hz. Because the value of the conductivity in this
the data obtained for the SOR10 impurity in Fig. 3 frequency range does not depend on frequency f, it
(curve 2), a power dependence of the conductivity on the corresponds to the ionic component of the conductivity
impurity concentration is not observed for an entire range through LC.
of concentrations. As was already mentioned, minor 3. In the case of the SOR10 impurity, the
changes in physical-chemical composition of the nano- conductivity of 6CB increases with an increase in the
impurity (the degree of ionic contamination, the surface impurity concentration according to a power law with an
coverage by surfactants, etc.) can significantly affect the exponent close to 0.5, which is typical for bimolecular
electrical properties of LC doped with such dopants. recombination of charge carriers (similar to the behaviour
Having observed a significant difference between of weak electrolytes in molecular liquid crystals).
the effect of SOR5 and SOR10 impurities on the 4. For impurities SOR5 and SOR15, the con-
electrical properties of LC 6CB, it was logical to check centration dependence of conductivity can be approxi-
whether the effect of the SOR15 impurity would differ mated by a power law only for concentrations below
from that of the SOR5 and SOR10 impurities. 0.05 mass %.

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5. For the concentrations of SOR5 impurity higher 7. Twarowski A.J., Albrecht A.C. Depletion layer
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Authors and CV

Yuriy A. Garbovskiy received his Oleksandr V. Kovalchuk, Doctor of

PhD degree in physics from the Science in Physics and Mathematics,
Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, senior scientific researcher at the
in 2007. From 2006 to 2009 he was Molecular Photoelectronics Depart-
with the Institute of Physics, NAS of ment, Institute of Physics, NAS of
Ukraine in the capacity of a perma- Ukraine; professor of Department of
nent research scientist. In 2009 he Applied Physics and High Mathe-
joined the Physics Department of the matics, Kyiv National University of
University of Colorado Colorado Springs (UCCS) as a Technologies and Design. Authored over 150 research
senior research associate, and in 2012 he became a Lab publications, 8 patents, 1 monograph. The area of his
Manager of the UCCS BioFrontiers Center. Since 2019 scientific interests is dielectric spectroscopy of liquid
he is a full-time faculty member of the Department of crystals and composites.
Physics and Engineering Physics at Central Connecticut https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-5853
State University. Dr. Garbovskiy is a Senior Member of
the Optical Society of America (OPTICA). His research Tetiana M. Kovalchuk, scientific
interests include physics and applications of liquid crys- researcher at the V. Lashkaryov Insti-
tals and nanomaterials. He authored over 90 research tute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS
publications, 1 textbook, and 1 US patent. of Ukraine. Authored over 20 research
E-mail: ygarbovskiy@ccsu.edu, publications. The area of her scienti-
https://directory.ccsu.edu/person/yuriy-garbovskiy fic interests is dielectric spectroscopy.
E-mail: tatnik1412@gmail.com,
Peter Kopčanský, PhD, Research
Professor in condensed matter phy- https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1863-6416
sics. Leading scientist of the Institute
of Experimental Physics, Slovak Liudmyla V. Volokh, Associate Pro-
Academy of Sciences. Authored over fessor of the Department of Applied
300 articles, 10 patents, 1 monograph, Physics and Higher Mathematics at
10 chapters in books. The area of his the Kyiv National University of
scientific interests includes solid state physics, especially Technologies and Design. Authored
magnetism, transport properties in disordered magnetic of 8 publications. The area of scien-
systems, magnetic fluids, their magnetic and dielectric tific interest is probability theory,
properties, composite systems with liquid crystals, applied mathematics, mathematical apparatus of physics.
technical and biomedical applications of magnetic nano- E-mail: voloh.lv@knutd.edu.ua,
particles. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5278-9504 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4290-795X

Особливості впливу різного типу нанодомішок SOR на величину іонної складової електропровідності
гомеотропно орієнтованого нематичного рідкого кристала 6СВ
Ю.А. Гарбовський, P. Kopčanský, О.В. Ковальчук, Т.М. Ковальчук, Л.В. Волох
Анотація. У цій статті повідомлено про вплив нанодомішок SOR5, SOR10 і SOR15 на величину іонної
провідності гомеотропно орієнтованого нематичного рідкого кристала 6CB. Електричні вимірювання
проведено в широкому діапазоні частот (від 6 Гц до 10 6 Гц) при кімнатній температурі (293 K). Показано, що
найбільші зміни електропровідності відбуваються в області низьких частот (менше ніж 10 3 Гц) і залежать від
типу нанодомішки та її концентрації. Незважаючи на подібність хімічного складу SOR5, SOR10 та SOR15,
виміряні залежності електропровідності досліджуваних зразків від концентрації нанодомішок суттєво
відрізняються. У випадку домішки SOR10 іонна складова електропровідності залежить від концентрації SOR10
за степеневим законом із показником приблизно 0,5, що характерно для бімолекулярної рекомбінації носіїв
заряду (тобто поведінка як слабкий електроліт). Зразки рідких кристалів, що містять нанодомішки SOR5 і
SOR15, поводяться подібним чином в області низьких концентрацій (між 0,01 і 0,05 мас. %). Цікаво, що
подальше збільшення концентрації нанодомішок (> 0,05 мас. %) приводить до різко іншої поведінки.
Електропровідність рідких кристалів з домішкою SOR5 різко зростає, тоді як електропровідність зразків, що
містять SOR15, зменшується.
Ключові слова: діелектричні властивості, нематичний рідкий кристал, гомеотропне розташування молекул,
іонна провідність, концентрація нанодомішок.

Garbovskiy Y.A., Kopčanský P., Kovalchuk O.V. et al. Peculiarities of the effect of different types of SOR …
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