AP Statistics Test C— Inference for Means ~ Part VI Name 6 Which statement correctly compares ¢-distributions to the Normal distribution? # distributions are also mound shaped and symmetric. Hr distributions are more spread out than the normal distribu IIL As degrees of freedom inerease, the variance of ¢ distributions becomes larger. Ajlonly By Ifonly C) Land I only D)tand Wonly —E) 1, Hand Ill A company checking the productivity of its assembly line monitored a random sample of workers for several days. They found that a 95% confidence interval for the mean number of items produced daily by each worker was (23,27). Which is true? A) 95% of the workers sampled produced between 23 and 37 items a day B) 95% of all the workers average between 23 and 27 items a day. C) Workers produce an average of 23 to 27 items on 95% of the days. D) 93% of samples would show mean production between 23 and 27 items a day. E) We're 95% sure that the mean daily worker output is between 23 and 27 items, red jobs. What ion. A random sample of 120 college seniors found that 30% of them had been o is the standard error of the sample proportion? A)0.028 —-B) 0.042 €)0.046 0.082) 0.458 A wildlife biologist wants to determine the mean weight of adult red squirrels. She captures 10 squirrels she believes to be representative of the species and weighs them, finding a mean of 12.32 grams and standard deviation of I_88gm. Assuming these squirrels can be considered a random sample of all red squirrels which of the following formulas gives a 95%, confidence interval for the mean weight of all squirrels? A) 12.3241.96(1.88/ Vi0) B) 12.32+2.228(1.88/ 10) C) 12.32+2.26211.88/ vio) D) 1232 281.88. V9) E) 12.32 22.2680. 88) v9) Investigators at an agricultural research facility randomly assigned equal numbers of chickens to be housed in two rooms. In group of chickens experienced normal day/night cycles, while in the other room lights were left on 24 hours a day to see if those chickens would lay more eggs, After collecting data for several days the researchers tested the hypothesis H1,- 4, —, =0 against the one-tail alternative and found P= 0.22. Which is true? A) The chickens in the lighted room averaged 0.22 more eggs per day B) There's a 22% chance that chickens housed in a lighted room produce more eges. C) There's a 22% chance that there's really no difference in epg production, D) There's a 22% chance another experiment will give these same results. E) None of these We want to know the mean winning score at the US Open golf championship. An internet search gives us all the scores for the history of that tournament, and we create a 95% confidence interval based on a t-distribution. This procedure was not appropriate. Why” A) Since these are the best players in the world, the scores are probably skewed B) The entire population of scores was gathered so there is no reason to do inference C) Tiger Woods’ recent record-setting score is probably an outlier. D) The population standard deviation is known, so we should have used a z-model E} In big golf tournaments the players are not randomly selected, vietFood inspectors need to estimate the level of contaminants in food products packaged at a certain factory. Initial tests were based on a small sample but now the inspectors double the sample size for a follow-up test. The main purpose of the larger sample is to A) decrease the standard deviation of the sampling model B) reduce confounding due to other variables. C) reduce response bias. D) decrease the variability in the population E) reduce non-response bias 8. Based on data from two very large independent samples, twvo students tested a hypothesis about equality of population means using a = 0.05. One student used a one-tail test and rejected the null hypothesis, but the other used a two-tail test and failed to reject the null. Which of these might have been their calculated value of ? A) 1.22 B) 15S C) 1.88 D) 2.22 E) 2.66 9. The two samples whose statistics are given in the table are thought to come from populations with equal variances. What is the pooled estimate of the population standard deviation? A) 2.65 B)7 O74 Dj722 BE) 10 _10.You could win a $1000 prize by tossing a coin in one of two games, To win Game A, you must get exactly 50% heads. To win Game B, you must get between 45% and 55% heads. Although which game you must play will be chosen randomly, then you may decide whether to toss the coin 20 times or 50 times. How many tosses would you choose to make? A) It does not matter B) 20 tosses for either game. C) 50 tosses for either 1D) 20 tosses for A, 50 tosses for B. E) 50 tosses for A, 20 tosses for B. 11. Family incomes A government report on standard of living says that family incomes nationwide are skewed to the right, with a mean of $33400, a. We collect income data from a random sample of SO local fami these data for inference even though the population is skewed? es. Why is it okay to use b. The standard deviation of the 50 incomes in our sample was $25,530. Specify the sampling ‘model (shape, center, spread) for the mean income of such samples. This sample of randomly chosen families produced a 90% confidence interval for the local mean family income of (32882, 44761). Does this interval provide evidence that family incomes are unusually high here? Explain briefly 4d. Suppose we hope improve our estimate by choosing a new sample. How many families must we survey to have 90% confidence of estimating the mean local family income to within $2000? vitaTest identification Suppose you were asked to analyze each of the situations described below (NOTE: Do not do these problems!) For each, indicate which procedure you would use (pick the appropriate number from the list), the test statistic (z or 2), and, if't, the number of degrees of freedom. 1. proportion - 1 sample 2. difference of proportions, 2 samples 3. mean 1 sample 4 difference of means ~ independent samples mean of differences ~ matched pairs fT . none of these a. Among randomly sel pets, 27% of the 188 dogs and 18% of the 167 cats had fleas. Does this indicate a significant difference in rates of flea problems for these two pets? b. Are there more broken bones in summer or winter? We get records about the number of fractures treated in January and July at a random sample of 25 emergency rooms. c. A random sample of 600 high school seniors reported their grade point averages and the amount of financial aid offered them by colleges. We wonder if there is an association between academic success and college aid. 4. The school newspaper wants a 95% confidence interval for the road test failure rate, Ina random sample of 65 student drivers, 37 said they failed their driver's test at least once. . A supermarket chain wants to know which of two merchandise display methods is more effective. They randomly assign 15 stores to use display type A and 15 others to use display type B, then collect data about the number of items sold at cach store f. Tags placed on garbage cans allow the disposal of up to 30 pounds of garbage. A random sample of 22 cans averaged 33.2 pounds with a standard deviation of 3.2 pounds. Is this strong evidence that residents overload their garbage cans? 2 Serubbers A factory recently installed new pollution control equipment (“scrubbers”) on its smokestacks in hopes of reducing air pollution levels at a nearby national park, Randomly timed measurements of sulfate levels (in micrograms per cubic meter) were taken before (Set C1) and after (Set C2) the installation. We believe that measurements of sulfate levels are normally distributed. Write a complete conclusion about the effectiveness of these scrubbers based on the statistical software printout shown below seTcr 100 80 6070 60 90 115 8095 7.5 5.0 100 SET C2 50 70 10.90 15 5025409060 Two Sample T for Ct vs C2 N Mean stOev ‘SEMean Cie ie aco) 1.83 0.83 = m= 264 0.90 95% Cl for mut ~ mua: (1.20, 5:38) T-Test mut = m2 (vs. not T2329 P=00037 DF =20 Vitis14. Blood pressure Researchers developing new drugs must be concemed about possible side effects. They must check a new medication for arthritis to be sure that it does not cause an unsafe increase in blood pressure, They measure the blood pressures of a group of 12 subjects, then administer the drug and recheck the blood pressures one hour later. The drug will be approved for use unless there is evidence that blood pressure has increased an average of more than 20 points. They will test a hypothesis using @ = 0.05 a. Write appropriate hypotheses (in words and in symbols). b. In this context, which do you consider to be more serious ~ a Type I ora Type Il error? Explain briefly. €. After this experiment produced inconclusive results the researchers decided to test the drug again another group of patients, Describe two changes they could make in their experiment to increase the power of their test, and explain the disadvantages of each. Auto repairs An insurance company hopes to save money on repairs to autos involved in accidents, Two body shops in town seem to do most of the repairs, and the company wonders whether one of them is generally cheaper than the other. From their files of payments made during the past year they select a random sample of ten bills they paid at each repair shop. The data are shown in the table. Indi ir e 5 Bodies | Velleman’s indicate what inference procedure you would use to see if there is. | by Bock | Automagic a significant difference in the costs of repairs done (a0 | 2570 | at these two body shops, then decide if itis okay to actually i980 P1120} perform that inference procedure. (Check the appropriate [ya00 assumptions and conditions and indicate whether you could [3190 or could not proceed. You do not have to do the actual test.) 100 [aso 4590 3090 | 3970 11050 1 Vi-16