Activity 4

ACTIVITY 4: 40 YEARS OF REVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE
1. What caused the emergence of Muslim insurgents?
The Moro conflict stems from a long history of Bangsamoro resistance to foreign rule, which includes the
American annexation of the Philippines in 1898. Moro resistance against the Philippine government has
persisted ever since. The Moro insurgency was triggered by the Jabidah massacre in 1968, during which
60 Filipino Muslim commandos on a planned operation to reclaim the eastern part of the Malaysian
state of Sabah were killed. In response, University of the Philippines professor Nur Misuari established
the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), an armed insurgent group committed to establishing an
independent Mindanao.
Sources of the information:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-17038024
https://gsdrc.org/publications/conflict-analysis-of-the-philippines/
https://brainly.ph/question/7835835
2. Why were there factions among Muslim insurgents?
The Philippines has a long history of insurgent groups and, until now there are still armed insurgent
groups that are currently active. Two of those are the MNLF with the goal of fighting the Philippine state
for an independent Moro nation and the MILF which has had a long-term aim of creating a separate
Islamic state in the southern Philippines. There were factions among Muslim insurgents because of the
drivers of conflict in the southern Philippines, those include: Poverty, lack of opportunities, land
dispossession and marginalization; State responses; Lack of rule of law, governance weaknesses, clan
politics and criminality and; Religious education and leaders.
Source of information: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5d654ce7ed915d53ac85a04c/

648_Conflict_analysis_of_The_Philippines.pdf
3. How would you compare the revolutions during the Spanish period to the EDSA revolution?
The revolution during the Spanish period is a rebellion against brutal Spanish rule. Spain restricted
Filipino religious rights and political participation in their own governance and enforced harsh trade
restrictions. However, the EDSA People Power was happened to end the dictatorship of President
Ferdinand E. Marcos and begin a new era marked by true freedom and democracy. During this period,
there was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and electoral fraud. The
most obvious difference is the fact that in the revolution against the Spaniards, we were fighting against
a foreign colonizer compared to the EDSA revolution where we were fighting our fellow Filipinos.
However, one thing remained the same: we were defending our freedom and rights against their
oppression and unfair treatment.
Source : https://libguides.snhu.edu/c.php?g=1184812&p=8902716
ACTIVITY 2: CHA-CHA: MORE THAN JUST A STEP BACK AND FORTH
Under the new dispensation or government of President Duterte, there is a proposal to adopt a federal
government. There are also calls to change or amend the constitution. Aside from the form of
government, what other provisions should be changed or added to have a government that is more
responsive, more trustworthy, and less susceptible to corruption?
the charter change being proposed by the Duterte

administration. On the one hand, I think it could lead to some positive outcomes for the
country.
country.
country.
charter change being proposed by the Duterte
administration.
ANSWER:
After reading the charter change also called Cha-cha proposed by President Duterte, I agree with the
idea to outlaw or at least restrict political dynasties. Political dynasties have been a long-standing issue
in the country, with positions in the government mostly held by a single family. This power structure
prevents possible positive changes from other people and promotes corruption. Another reason I support
this amendment is that it will have a high chance to stop corruption and if given the chance to add
something to the proposed provisions, I would like the next constitution to have transparency with
budget consumption. Though this has been long available, I want this to be on a national scale. Citizens
must know and be aware of where their taxes are going. Filipinos must be able to track the budget flow
of the country. But on the other hand, I have concerns about certain aspects of the proposed changes,
specifically the provision regarding the removal and/or changing of leaders of the state. I worry that this
could be abused for political purposes and lead to corruption and other problems. This should be
changed from the proposed provisions. I hope that any changes that are made will be in the best
interests of the people of the Philippines. I look forward to the possibility of having a government that is
cleaner, more responsive, more trustworthy, more effective, and less susceptible to corruption.
Source of information:
https://constitutionnet.org/news/federal-constitution-philippines-reluctant-congress-and-unsupportive-
public

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ACTIVITY 4: 40 YEARS OF REVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE

1. What caused the emergence of Muslim insurgents?

Sources of the information:

2. Why were there factions among Muslim insurgents?

Source of information: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5d654ce7ed915d53ac85a04c/

ACTIVITY 2: CHA-CHA: MORE THAN JUST A STEP BACK AND FORTH

the charter change being proposed by the Duterte

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