Why do we feel awkward?

6 Minute English
- Explicit /ɪkˈsplɪs.ɪt/ : clear and exact
Ex: + gave her very explicit directions how to get here.

+ She was very explicit about (= said very clearly and exactly) what
she thought was wrong with the plans.
+ I wasn't aware that I would be paying - you certainly didn't make it
explicit (= state it clearly).
- Implicit /ɪmˈplɪs.ɪt/: felt by someone or influencing them without them
being aware of it

Ex: The experiment was designed to measure implicit racial bias.

- Govern = control
- Illuminate /ɪˈluː.mə.neɪt/: to explain and show more clearly something
that is difficult to understand
Ex: This article illuminates the basic principles of economics.
to light something and make it brighter

Ex: he streets were illuminated with strings of coloured lights.

The buildings were illuminated at night.
- Train carriage: Toa tàu

The best way to apologize (according to

science)
- Evasive /ɪˈveɪ.sɪv/: answering questions in a way that is
not direct or clear, especially because you do not want to give
an honest answer ( Ko rõ ràng)
Ex: From classic non-apologies to evasive excuses
- Flimsy /ˈflɪm.zi/ : very thin, or easily broken or destroyed
Ex: + You won't be warm enough in that flimsy dress.
+ We spent the night in a flimsy wooden hut.
 + A flimsy cardboard box
- Amend /əˈmend/ : to change the words of a text, especially a law or
a legal document
Ex: In line 20, "men" should be amended (= changed) to "people".
- Complication /ˌkɑːm.pləˈkeɪ.ʃən/: something that makes
a situation more difficult, or the act of doing this

Ex: + Dave couldn't find his passport at the airport and then there
were further complications when Fiona lost her baggage.
+ If any complications arise, let me know and I'll help.
- Communal (adj) /kəˈmjuː.nəl/ : belonging to or used by
a group of people rather than one single person

Ex: + communal facilities/food/property

+ We each have a separate bedroom but share a
communal kitchen.

- Centerpiece /ˈsen.t̬ ɚ.piːs/: the most important part of something

Ex: The centerpiece of most environmental studies is conservation

- Tempt (+ to V) /tempt/: to make someone want to have or do

something, especially something that is unnecessary or wrong

Ex: + The offer of free credit tempted her into buying a new car.
+ They tempted him to join the company by offering him
a huge salary and a company car.
- Perspective : quan điểm
- Absolve: /əbˈzɒlv/ : (especially in religion or law) to free someone
from guilt, blame, or responsibility for something
Ex: The report absolved her from/of all blame for the accident
- Pass it up : Bỏ lỡ cơ hội
- Frame : to express something choosing your words carefully
 Ex: The interview would have been more productive if
the questions had been framed more precisely (Dùng từ ngữ trau
chuốt )
- Transgression /trænzˈɡreʃ.ən/ :
the act or process of breaking a law or moral rule, or an example of this
Ex: + Adolescence is a period marked by fascination with the
transgression of rules.
+ Who is supposed to have committed these transgressions?
- Accountability: the fact of being responsible for what you do and able to
give a satisfactory reason for it, or the degree to which this happens
Ex: There were furious demands for greater police accountability
- Remorse /rɪˈmɔːrs/ : a feeling of sadness and being sorry for something you
have done
Ex: After the argument, she was filled with remorse

Can AI have a mind of its own? - 6 Minute

English
- Reassign /ˌriː.əˈsaɪn/: to give someone a different job or position
( BE REASSIGNED TO + PLACE)
Ex: They will be reassigned to other duties in the department.
He has shaken up the department, reassigning staffers
to give a piece of work to a different person

( WORK … + BE REASSIGNED TO + SB)

Ex: The case was then reassigned to a new judge.
The cuts have been handled through attrition and reassigning tasks to

- Consciousness /ˈkɒn.ʃəs.nəs/:
the state of understanding and realizing something (Nhận thức )

Ex: Her consciousness that she's different makes her feel uneasy.
Working in
an unemployment office had helped to raise his political consciousness
.

- Impression /ɪmˈpreʃ.ən/: an idea or opinion of what something or someone

is like (Ấn tượng, cảm nghĩ, ý kiến ,…. )

Ex: I didn't get much of an impression of the place because it

was dark when we drove through it. ( Tôi ko có nhiều ấn tượng ngiều về
nơi đó vì ….)
What was your impression of Charlotte's husband?
I don't tend to trust first impressions (= the opinion you form when
you meet someone or see something for the first time).
[ + that ] When I first met him I got/had the impression that he was
a shy sort of person.

- Wishful thinking: suy nghĩ viển vong

- Anthropomorphize /ˌæn.θrə.pəˈmɔː.faɪz/: Xem cái j đó như là con người

( Nhân hóa)

- Get/be taken in (by) someone: be deceived or tricked by someone

Ex: When her mother died, she got taken in by the next-door neighbor

- Be/ Get blindsided: Bị mù quáng

Climate change: Are there too many people? -
6 Minute English
- Uneasy : slightly worried or uncomfortable about a particular situation
Ex: I feel a little uneasy about asking her to do me such a big favour
- Controversial /ˌkɒn.trəˈvɜː.ʃəl/ (adj) : Gây tranh cãi
Ex: A controversial issue/decision/speech/figure
The book was very controversial

- Soar /sɔːr/: to rise very quickly to a high level

Ex: All night long fireworks soared into the sky.
Temperatures will soar over the weekend, say the weather forecasters.
House prices soared a further 20 percent.
- Astonishing /əˈstɒn.ɪ.ʃɪŋ/ : very surprising
Ex: Her first novel enjoyed an astonishing success

- Affluence /ˈæf.lu.əns/: the state of having a lot of money or owning many

things ( SỰ GIÀU CÓ / việc có nhiều của cải)

Ex: What we are seeing increasingly is a society of private affluence

and public squalor.
The nation's affluence has made two- and even three-
car families the norm.
- Judgmental /dʒʌdʒˈmen.təl/ (adj): too quick to criticize people
Ex: You must try not to be so judgmental about people
- Derive /dɪˈraɪv/: to get or obtain something
Ex: The institute derives all its money from foreign investments

+ Derive something from something: to get something from

something else
 Ex: The institute derives all its money from foreign investments.

- Apologetic: /əˌpɒl.əˈdʒet.ɪk/: showing that you feel sorry about

having caused someone problems or unhappiness

Ex: She was so apologetic about forgetting my birthday it

was almost embarrassing.
I hope he was suitably apologetic for breaking your glasses
- Let your heart rule your head: Do sth based on emotion and
personal desires rather than for logical or practical reasons

- Or so : Khoảng

Ex: A mile or so before they reached the center of the city, they stopped the
car at a hotel.
= Khoảng một dặm trước khi họ đến trung tâm thành phố, họ đã dừng xe
tại một khách sạn.

Exercise for The Lazy - 6 Minute English

- Resolution /ˌrez.əˈluː.ʃən/ : a promise to yourself to do or to not do
something
Ex: I made a resolution to give up chocolate.
- Out of shape: Béo phì
- Moderate /ˈmɒd.ər.ət/: neither small nor large in size, amount, degree,
or strength (Vừa phải, phải chăng, điều độ)

Ex: The cabin is of moderate size - just right for a small family.
Moderate growth/inflation
He's a moderate drinker.
 - Push yourself: Try harder; put more effort into what you’re doing ( Cố gắng
thêm nữa)
- Trade-off: a situation where you accept the disavantages of sth in order to
get the benefits it brings

- Sedentary /ˈsed.ən.tər.i/ (adj) involving little exercise or physical activity ( Ít

vận động/ nhàn rỗi)
Ex: a sedentary job/occupation
My doctor says I should start playing sport because my lifestyle is too
sedentary.

- Easy win: A task that is both easy to accomplish and brings positive
results

Qatar's World Cup workers - 6 Minute English

- Migrant /ˈmaɪ.ɡrənt/: a person that travels to a different country or place,
often in order to find work
Ex: The cities are full of migrants looking for work

- Underpay /ˌʌn.dəˈpeɪ/ : to pay someone too little for the work they do
Ex: The company was found to have underpaid workers in violation of
the state's prevailing wage law.
They were underpaid millions of dollars.

- Abuse /əˈbjuːz/: to use something for the wrong purpose in a way that
is harmful or morally wrong
Ex: She is continually abusing her position/authority by getting
other people to do things for her.
I never expected that he would abuse the trust I placed in him.
to abuse alcohol
to treat someone cruelly or violently
Ex: Several of the children had
been sexually/physically/emotionally abused.

- Exorbitant: /ɪɡˈzɔː.bɪ.tənt/: prices, demands, etc. are much too large;

much bigger or more expensive than it should be
Ex: The bill for dinner was exorbitant

- Recoup /rɪˈkuːp/: to get back money that you have spent or lost
Ex: It takes a while to recoup the initial costs of starting up a business.
The gambler recouped his losses in the next game

- Behemoth /bɪˈhiː.mɒθ/: something that is extremely large and

often extremely powerful
Ex: a grocery chain behemoth

- Sandwiched between: in a tight, narrow space between two larger things

Ex: It is Sandwiched between 2 regional small state
- Soft power: a country using its economic and cultural influence to persuade
other countries to do something, instead of using military (hard) power

Are Halloween costumes too scary? - 6

Minute English
- Vile /vaɪl/ (adj): unpleasant, immoral, and unacceptable
Ex: This vile policy of ethnic cleansing must be stopped.
extremely unpleasant

Ex: This cheese smells vile.

He's in a vile mood/temper today

1. Scary = frightening
2. Animated: showing a lot of interest and energy
→ animated discussion/conversation
→ animated cartoon/film/feature etc
3. Sickening= disgusting: very shocking, annoying, or upsetting
Ex: The slaves were treated with sickening cruelty.
There was a sickening thud when the child fell from the tree and hit the ground.

→ it is sickening that
→ sickening thud/crash/sound etc
4. Trick-or-treatin: halloween tradition where children dress up in scary costumes and
go knocking on neighbours' doors shouting 'trick or treat'. If the person who answers the
door does not give the children a treat, such a sweets or candy, they play a trick on them
5. Over the top (adj) (ott): too extreme, unsuitable and therefore unacceptable
6. The grim reaper: imaginary character who represents death and looks like a
skeleton, wearing a long black cloak and carrying a curved cutting tool called a scythe.
7. Race to the bottom: situation in which companies compete with each other to sell
products as cheaply as possible; situation in which the standard of something gets worse
and worse
8. Halfway house: arrangement which includes features of two contrasting idea;
compromise
9. Snowflake generation: way of describing the generation of young people who
become adults in or after the 2010s, and who are considered by some to be easily upset
and offended

Why are prices going up? - 6 Minute English

- 1. broadcaster: someone who speaks on radio or television programmes
- 2. inflation: increase in prices of things over time
- 3. hit in the pocket: have less money to spend
 Ex: this had hit me in the pocket, and it had become much harder for me to
manage the business side of Big Issue

- 4. volatile: likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly, especially by

getting worse
Ex: Food and fuel prices are very volatile in a war situation.
The situation was made more volatile by the fact that people had
been drinking a lot of alcohol

- 5. sustained: continues at the same level for a long period of time

Ex: The president's speech was greeted by sustained applause

- 6. effective: works well and gets the best results

- 7. interest rates: fees banks and financial institutions charge you for
borrowing money

Doomscrolling: Why do we do it? - 6 Minute

English
- Doomscrolling: spending a lot of time looking at your computer screen or
mobile phone and reading bad news stories
Ex: but I do sometimes doomscroll.

- On tap: available
Ex: There are several new movies on tap this weekend

- Compell /kəmˈpel/: to force someone to do something → compulsion

→ compel somebody to do something
Ex: At school, we were compelled to wear uniforms, which I hated

- Non-stop: without any stops or pauses → continuous

Ex: a non-stop flight
It felt like we travelled non-stop for the entire week.

- Disturbing /dɪˈstɜː.bɪŋ/: making you feel worried or upset

Ex: The following programme contains scenes that may be
disturbing to some viewers

- Traumatic /trɔːˈmæt.ɪk/: a traumatic experience is so shocking and

upsetting that it affects you for a long time
Ex: Some of the most disturbed children had witnessed really traumatic things,
such as rape and murder

causing worry or upset

Ex: Taking exams is always traumatic for me.

- Perspective: a way of thinking about something, especially one which is

influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences →
viewpoint
→ perspective on
→ from somebody’s perspective
→ from a feminist/Christian/global etc perspective

-Romanticise (something): talk about something in a way that make it sound

better than it really is
- 'What doesn't kill you makes you stronger': saying which expresses the idea that
by going through difficult life experiences, people build up strength and
resilience for the future
- Resilience /rɪˈzɪl.jəns: the ability to become strong, happy, or successful
again after a difficult situation or event → toughness (khả năng phục hồi, tính kiên
cường, độ bền bỉ)

→ resilience of

- Compensate /ˈkɒm.pən.seɪt/: to pay someone money in exchange for

something that has been lost or damaged or for some problem

→ Compensate somebody for something : Đền bù ai cái j

Ex: Victims of the crash will be compensated for their injuries

- Make up for st: to take the place of something lost or damaged or

to compensate for something bad with something good
Ex: No amount of money can make up for the death of a child.
This year's good harvest will make up for last year's bad one.
[ + -ing verb ] He bought me dinner to make up for being so late the day before.

- Pouring into
→ pour something into/out/down etc (something)
→ pour something away (=get rid of something)
→ pour somebody something

-Outline (v): to give the main facts about something

Ex: At the interview she outlined what I would be doing

- compulsion /kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/: a very strong feeling of wanting to do

something repeatedly that is difficult to control
Do emojis make language better? - 6 Minute
English
VOCABULARY IN THIS VIDEO
1. Illiteracy /ɪˈlɪt.ər.ə.si/: someone who is illiterate has not learned to
read or write
Ex: In the rural areas, illiteracy is widespread.
Teachers and other professionals are taking part in a campaign to eradicate illiteracy.

Internet-enabled/Java-enabled…: a computer program that is Internet-

enabled, Java-enabled etc can be used with that program or includes it as
one of its features
EX: Find out more about our free Internet-enabled software.
2. Combination /ˌkɒm.bɪˈneɪ.ʃən/: two or more different things that exist
together or are used or put together
 Ex: Strawberries and cream - a perfect combination.
A combination of tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep.
This drug can be safely used in combination with other medicines.
Her experience and energy are a winning combination (=
a successful mixture) in business.

3. Face to face: if two people are standing face to face, they are very
close and are looking at each other

4. Cognitive: related to the process of knowing, understanding, and

learning something

5. Prejudiced /ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/: having an unreasonable dislike of someone

or something, especially a dislike of a group of people who belong to
a different race, sex, or religion – used to show disapproval (Định
kiến)
Ex: Laws against racial prejudice must be strictly enforced.
[ + that ] The campaign aims to dispel the
prejudice that AIDS is confined to the homosexual community.
He claims that prejudice against homosexuals would cease overnight if
all the gay stars in the country were honest about their sexuality.

6. Fundamentally: in every way that is important or basic

Ex: Our new managing director has reorganized the company a little bit, but
nothing has fundamentally changed/altered (= its basic character has
not changed).
I still believe that people are fundamentally good.
I disagree fundamentally with what you're saying.
 7. Ignorance: lack of knowledge or information about something
Ex: Public ignorance about the disease is still a cause for concern.
Patients, it is claimed, were kept/left in ignorance of what was wrong with
them.

8. The grammar police: (informal) people who want to have correct

English spelling and grammar written online, and who criticize those
who don't follow grammar rules

9. A jaundiced /ˈdʒɔːn.dɪs/ view (of something): only seeing the negative

side of something because of your own bad experience with it

10. The dark ages: a time in the past considered not advanced and
characterised by a lack of knowledge and progress

11. Dating : spending time with someone you have started a romantic
relationship

12. Lucky in love: lucky in finding a romantic partner

13. It stands to reason (that): it seems likely to be true (that); it makes
sense (that) back to the dark ages

14. It's one of the reasons why

15. A romantic relationship with someone

United against food waste - 6 Minute English

 VOCABULARY IN THIS VIDEO “United against food waste”
1. Guilty /ˈɡɪl.ti/: feeling very ashamed and sad because you know that
you have done something wrong
→ guilty about/for/at
Ex: I feel so guilty about forgetting her birthday.
She must have done something wrong, because she's looking so guilty.
You've got a guilty conscience - that's why you can't sleep.

2. Charge: the amount of money you have to pay for goods or services
→ Charge of/for
Ex: How much/What do you charge for a haircut and blow-dry?
The bank charged commission to change my traveller's cheques.
[ + two objects ] They charge you $20 just to get in the nightclub.

The local museum doesn't charge for admission.

→ in charge of st
3. Cautious: careful to avoid danger or risks → caution
→ cautious about doing st
Ex: Most doctors are cautious about advising you to have surgery.
Auto companies are taking a cautious approach toward introducing electric cars.

4. use-by date: date until which food may be safely eaten, usually printed
on the food container (Hạn sử dụng)
Ex: It is illegal for retailers to sell food past its use-by date
 5. eat local, eat seasonal: slogan used to encourage people to buy and eat
fresh food which has been grown in their local area during the current
season

6. middleman: business people who buy produce directly from

producers, and make money by selling it on to shops or customers

7. Commission /kəˈmɪʃ.ən/: receiving a payment which is directly

related to the amount sold ( Tiền hoa hồng)
Ex: Is she paid a regular wage or is it on/by commission only?
She gets a 15 percent commission on every machine she sells.

8. worst-case scenario /sɪˈnɑː.ri.əʊ/: the worst, most serious and

unpleasant thing that could possibly happen in a situation
Ex: The study concludes that in a worst-case scenario there might be
80,000 cases of the disease.

9. blanket (+ verb): (adverb) applied in the same uniform way to

everything, even when there are differences between those things

10. looking for something: 1 to try to find something that you have lost, or
someone who is not where they should be = search for

11. depended on ST/SB: To need something or someone in order to exist,

or be healthy, successful etc
12. stick to: to attach something to something else using a substance, or to
become attached to a surface
→ stick something on/to/in etc something
→ stick to/together
→ stick (something) in/into/through something
 - Cab: a taxi
Ex: It'll save time if we go by cab.
- Be way beyond my budget : Vượt quá ngân sách của tôi

- Bear in mind

- Be due to ( chu tu): sẽ xảy ra hoặc được mong chờ

 Ex: The bus is due to leave soon.
(Chiếc xe buýt sẽ rời đi sớm.)
 The next meeting is due to be held in one month.
(Buổi họp tiếp theo sẽ chuẩn bị được tổ chức trong 1 tháng nữa.)
 Their second baby is due in December.
(Đứa con thứ 2 của họ được mong chờ ra đời vào tháng 12)

- Baggage /ˈbæɡ.ɪdʒ/: bags, cases, etc. that you take with you when
you travel

Ex: How many pieces of baggage do you have?

We had to pay extra for our excess baggage
 - Strain: a force or influence that stretches, pulls, or puts pressure on
something, sometimes causing damage

Ex: The hurricane put such a strain on the bridge that it collapsed.
As you get older, excess weight puts a lot of strain on the heart.
Their constant arguments were putting a strain on their marriage.
The recent decline in the dollar has put a bigger strain on the economic system.
Migration into the cities is putting a strain on already stretched resources.

- Break the mould: to be new and different

Ex: Their approach to sports teaching broke the mould
- Advertisement /ədˈvɜː.tɪs.mənt/
- Consultation the act of exchanging information and opinions about
something in order to reach a better understanding of it or to make
a decision, or a meeting for this purpose
Ex: We hope to work in consultation with Congress on how the law should
be interpreted.
 - Overhead (adj) : above your head, usually in the sky
Ex: overhead cables
A flock of geese flew overhead.
This room needs overhead lighting (= lights in the ceiling).

- Mature /məˈtʃʊər/ (adj): Mature people behave like adults in a way

that shows they are well developed emotionally
Ex: He's very mature for his age.

- Relentless /rɪˈlent.ləs/: continuing in a severe or extreme way ( Ko ngừng

nghỉ/ Ko dừng lại )
Ex: relentless criticism/pressure
relentless heat

- Attic: gác mái

- Fragile (adj): Dễ vỡ, mỏng manh, yếu ớt ( Đồ đạc, sức khỏe)\
- Heir /eər/ : Người kế thừa
- Imminent (adj): Sắp xảy ra
- Nucleus (n): Bộ phận trung tâm
- Statistical /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kəl/
-

- Ethical /ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl/ (adj): relating to beliefs about what

is morally right and wrong

Ex: ethical and legal issues

the ethical dilemmas surrounding genetic research

morally right

Ex: + ethical practice/trading

+ a medical procedure that most people believe to be ethical

- Presumably /prɪˈzjuː.mə.bli/: used to say what you think is

the likely situation
Ex: + They can presumably afford to buy a bigger apartment.
+ Presumably he just forgot to send the letter.

- Automotive /ˌɔː.təˈməʊ.tɪv/ ( Ồ tờ mấu tiv ) : relating to road vehicles

Ex: + the automotive industry
+ automotive manufacturing/engineers

- Premise /ˈprem.ɪs/ an idea or theory on which a statement or action is based

Ex: [ + that ] They had started with the premise that all men
are created equal.
The research project is based on the premise stated earlier.
 - Lorry: a Truck
Ex: + an articulated lorry
+ a long-distance lorry driver

The myth of Zeus' test - Iseult Gillespie

- turn someone away: to not allow someone to enter a place
Ex: They turned us away at the entrance because we didn't have tickets

- shroud: /ʃraʊd/: to hide something by covering or surrounding it

Ex: + Visitors have complained about the scaffolding that
shrouds half the castle.
+ Suddenly all the lights went out and the house was
shrouded in darkness.
+ The mist shrouding the valley had lifted by eight o'clock.

- Thatch /θætʃ/: to make a roof for a building with straw or reeds

- There was something off about sb: there was something strange or unnatural about
him
- Cottage /ˈkɒt.ɪdʒ/: a small house, usually in the countryside
Ex: + They live in an idyllic country/thatched cottage,
with roses around the door.

+ We rented a little beach cottage on the North Caroline coast

- Tease /tiːz/: to laugh at someone or say unkind things about them, either
because you are joking or because you want to upset that person

Ex: + I used to hate being teased about my red hair when I was
at school.
+I was just teasing, I didn't mean to upset you

- Devoted /dɪˈvəʊ.tɪd: extremely loving and loyal

Ex: + a devoted fan/husband
+ Lucy is devoted to her cats.( Cực kỳ yêu con mèo )
- Twig /twɪɡ/: a small, thin branch of
a tree or bush, especially one removed from the tree or bush and without
any leaves
Ex: We collected dry twigs to start the fire

- Disguise /dɪsˈɡaɪz/: to give a new appearance to a person or

thing, especially in order to hide its true form

Ex: + He disguised himself by wearing a false beard.

+ Minor skin imperfections can usually be disguised with
a spot of make-up.
+ We tried to disguise the fact that it was just a school hall by
putting up coloured lights and balloons

to hide an opinion, a feeling, etc.

Ex: I couldn't disguise my disappointment

- Ascend /əˈsend/: to move up or climb something

Ex: They slowly ascended the steep path up the mountain.

- Intact /ɪnˈtækt/ (adj): complete and in the original state

Ex: + The church was destroyed in the bombing but
the altar survived intact.
+ They found the intact skull of a mammoth.
not damaged or destroyed
Ex: + It's difficult to emerge from such
a scandal with your reputation intact.
+ A year later, her undefeated record is still intact.

- Relieve /rɪˈliːv/: to make an unpleasant feeling, such as pain or worry,

less strong

Ex: + She was given a shot of morphine to relieve the pain.

+ She relieved her boredom at home by learning how to type
- Knuckle down: to start working or studying hard
Ex: You're going to have to really knuckle down (to your work) if you want to pass
your final exams.

- Simultaneously /ˌsɪm.əlˈteɪ.ni.əs.li/: in a way that

is simultaneous (= happening or being done at exactly the same time)
Ex: S+ Two children answered the teacher's question simultaneously.
+The network was broadcasting four games simultaneously across t
he country.

- Dissolve /dɪˈzɒlv/: (of a solid) to be absorbed by

a liquid, especially when mixed, or (of a liquid) to absorb a solid
Ex: + Dissolve two spoons of powder in warm water.
+ Nitric acid will dissolve most animal tissue.
to end an official organization or a legal arrangement
Ex: + Parliament has been dissolved.
+ Their marriage was dissolved in 1968.
to disappear
Ex: The tension in the office just dissolves when she walks out.

- Theoretical /θɪəˈret.ɪ.kəl/: based on the ideas that relate to a subject, not

the practical uses of that subject
Ex: theoretical physics

- Cellular /ˈsel.jə.lər/: Thuộc tế bào, cấu tạo từ tế bào

- Hurdle: a frame or fence for jumping over in a race

Ex: He fell at the last hurdle.

She cleared (= jumped over) all the hurdles easily and raced to
the finishing line.
 a problem that you have to deal with before you can make progress
Ex: + Getting a work permit was the first hurdle to overcome.
+ The cost of this exercise is proving to be a major hurdle.

- Progress /ˈprəʊ.ɡres/: movement to an improved or more developed state, or

to a forward position

Ex: + Technological progress has been so rapid over the last

few years.
+ I'm not making much progress with my Spanish.
+ The doctor said that she was making good progress (=
getting better after a medical operation or illness).
+ The recent free elections mark the next step in the country's
progress towards democracy.
+ The yacht's crew said that they
were making relatively slow progress.

- Make progress: Tiến bộ

Ex: If a student does not make progress with prereferral involvement,
parents will be asked to give written permission for necessary
individual professional evaluations.

- Indefinitely: for a period of time with no fixed end

Ex: The negotiations have been put off/postponed indefinitely

- Portion /ˈpɔː.ʃən/: the amount of a particular food that is served to

one person, especially in a restaurant or a shop that sells food ready to
be eaten
Ex: The portions are very generous in this restaurant.

- Solid /ˈsɒl.ɪd/: hard or firm, keeping a clear shape

Ex: + solid ground
+ a solid object
 + a solid structure

- Round the corner : very near here

Ex: There's a great restaurant just round the corner
- Send something off: to send a letter, document, or parcel by post
Ex: + Have you sent off your application form yet?
+ She sent the manuscript off to her publisher
- Litre /ˈliː.tər/: a unit for measuring the volume of a liquid or a gas, equal to
1,000 cubic centimetres
Ex: The tax increase will add 4p to a litre of petrol.

- Chart /tʃɑːt/: a drawing that shows information in a simple way, often

using lines and curves to show amounts
Ex: + There is a chart on
the classroom wall showing the relative heights of all the children.
+ The sales chart shows a distinct decline in the past
few months.
the TV weather chart

- In the region of: about; around; near

Ex: The cost of the new building will be somewhere in
the region of $200,000.

- Get hold of S.O: to communicate with someone, esp. by telephone

Ex: I haven’t talked to her in years, so I wouldn’t know how to
get hold of her anymore.

- Get hold of: to find someone or obtain something

Ex: + Where can I get hold of some stamps?
+ How can I get ahold of Chris?

- Mileage /ˈmaɪ.lɪdʒ/: the distance that a vehicle has travelled or the distance that
it can travel using a particular amount of fuel
Ex: + What's the mileage on your car?" "Oh, about 40,000."
 + Smaller cars have better mileage and so cost less to run.

- Take a sip of Sth: Uống 1 ngụm j đó

Ex: I take a sip of water and look around
- Allocation: Sự phân phôi, sự phân phát, sự dùng
Ex: + the allocation of resources/funds/time
+ Allocation of the grants was handled by
a charity that provides support and advocacy for disabled chil
dren.

- Liaise /liˈeɪz/: to speak to people in other organizations, etc.

in order to work with them or exchange information with them
Ex: Our head office will
liaise with the suppliers to ensure delivery.

- All of a sudden: very quickly

Ex: It seemed to happen all of a sudden - I felt dizzy and I
just collapsed.

- Handout /ˈhænd.aʊt/: a document given

to students or reporters that contains information about a particular subject
Ex: On page two of your handout you will find a list of
the books that I have referred to during the lecture.
- Load /ləʊd/: the amount of weight carried, especially by a vehicle,
a structure such as a bridge, or an animal

Ex: The maximum load for this elevator is eight persons.

One truck involved in
the accident was carrying a heavy load of coal.
the amount of work to be done by a person
Ex: If we share the organization of the party, that
will help spread the load.
I've got a heavy/light teaching load this term.
(v) to put a lot of things into a vehicle or machine
Ex: How long will it take to load this sand onto the lorry?
Let's load up the car and then we can go.
To load the dishwasher/washing machine
- Outline: a description of the main facts about something
Ex: + If you read the minutes of the meeting, they'll give you
a broad outline of what was discussed.
+ Some novelists start by writing an outline (= plan of
the main points of the story)

- Devise /dɪˈvaɪz/: to invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually

using your intelligence or imagination

Ex: He's good at devising language games that you

can play with students in class.
The cartoon characters Snoopy and Charlie Brown were
devised by Charles M. Schultz.

to use knowledge and imagination to think of

or plan something
Ex: + He set about devising a plan to revive the automaker
and improve its profitability.
+ She led a small team that worked for years to devise a
way to create a silicon power amp for
an earlier generation of cell phones.

- Diploma /dɪˈpləʊ.mə/: a document given by a college or university to show

that you have passed a particular exam or finished your studies

Ex: + a diploma in business studies

+ US a high school diploma

- Initial /ɪˈnɪʃ.əl/: of or at the beginning

Ex: + My initial surprise was soon replaced by delight.
+ Initial reports say that seven people have died, though
this has not yet

- Premier /ˈprem.i.ər/: best or most important

 Ex: He's one of the nation's premier scientists.

- Steep /stiːp/ (adj): (of a slope) rising or falling at a sharp angle

Ex: a steep slope
It's a steep climb to the top of the mountain, but
the view is worth it.
The castle is set on a steep hill/hillside.

- Glide /ɡlaɪd/ : to move easily without stopping and without effort or noise
Ex: + She came gliding gracefully into the ballroom in
a long, flowing gown.
+ I love my new pen - it just glides across/over
the paper

- Relay /ˌrɪˈleɪ/: a group of people who continue an activity that others from
the same team or organization have been doing previously

Ex: + Relays of workers kept the machines going through

the night.
+ After the landslide, volunteers worked in relays
to rescue people buried under the rubble.

- Expedition /ˌek.spəˈdɪʃ.ən/: an organized journey for a particular purpose

Ex: + We're going on a shopping expedition on Saturday.
+ Scott died while he was on an expedition to
the Antarctic in 1912.

- Head off : to start a journey or leave a place

Ex: What time are you heading off?

- Ascent /əˈsent/: the act of climbing or moving upwards

Ex: + She made her first successful ascent of Everest
last year.
+ As the plane made its ascent,
we saw thick smoke coming from one engine.
- Summit: the highest point of a mountain
Ex: On this day in 1784, Dr Michel Paccard and Jacques
Balmat reached the summit of Mont Blanc

- Hut /hʌt/: a small, simple building, usually consisting of one room

Ex: + a mountain hut
+ a row of beach huts

- Beacon: a light or fire in a place that is easy to see, such as on the top of
a hill, that acts as a warning or signal

Ex: As part of the centenary celebrations a chain of

beacons was lit across the region.
The tower had a flashing beacon
that people could see from miles away.

LISTENING SECTION 2

- Stand out: to be very noticeable

Ex: + The black lettering really stands out on
that orange background.
+ You'll also notice how it really stands out in its surroundings
(vùng lân cận)

- Get the impression that: Có ấn tượng rằng

Ex: + I get the impression that you're quite nice.
+ Coupled with its small size, you get the impression that you are
dealing with a fragile device.

- Ceramics /səˈræm.ɪks/: Đồ gốm sứ

- Influence /ˈɪnˌflu·əns/ (v): to cause someone to change a behavior, belief,
or opinion, or to cause something to be changed

Ex: + Businesses
make large contributions to members of Congress, hoping to
influence their votes on key issues.
+ She was influenced by the common-sense views of
her grandparents.
+ That speech influenced the course of American history.

- Adjust to: Thích nghi vs cái j

Ex: You need time to adjust to a new situation.

- Beam /biːm/ : a long, thick piece of wood, metal, or concrete, especially used
to support weight in a building or other structure
Ex: The sitting room had exposed wooden beams.

- Be popular with sb: Trở nên phổ biến đối với ai

- Lay off: Sa thải nhân viên

- Spend a fortune on sth: Tốn nhiều tiền vào cái j

Ex: + You spend a fortune on exercise and exercise clothes.

+ Don't want to spend a fortune on art?

- Earlier + N (adj): Cái j trước đó

- Post = Mail
- Steward /ˈstjuː.əd/: a person whose job it is
to organize a particular event, or to provide services to particular people,
or to take care of a particular place

Ex: + Stewards will be inspecting the race track at 9.00.

+ If you need help at any time during the conference, one of
the stewards will be pleased to help you.