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    Moral Development

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    Kath
    Kohlberg's theory proposes 6 stages of moral development based on how people justify their decisions when responding to moral dilemmas. The stages progress from pre-conventional (focusing on obedience/punishment and self-interest) to conventional (focusing on social norms and rules) to post-conventional (focusing on social contracts and universal ethical principles). Kohlberg studied boys' responses to dilemmas like the Heinz dilemma about a man stealing a drug to save his wife and found their justifications reflected different stages of cognitive moral reasoning.

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    Moral Development

    Uploaded by

    Kath
    29 views10 pages
    Kohlberg's theory proposes 6 stages of moral development based on how people justify their decisions when responding to moral dilemmas. The stages progress from pre-conventional (focusing on obedience/punishment and self-interest) to conventional (focusing on social norms and rules) to post-conventional (focusing on social contracts and universal ethical principles). Kohlberg studied boys' responses to dilemmas like the Heinz dilemma about a man stealing a drug to save his wife and found their justifications reflected different stages of cognitive moral reasoning.

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    Kohlberg's theory proposes 6 stages of moral development based on how people justify their decisions when responding to moral dilemmas. The stages progress from pre-conventional (focusing on obedience/punishment and self-interest) to conventional (focusing on social norms and rules) to post-conventional (focusing on social contracts and universal ethical principles). Kohlberg studied boys' responses to dilemmas like the Heinz dilemma about a man stealing a drug to save his wife and found their justifications reflected different stages of cognitive moral reasoning.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views10 pages

    Moral Development

    Uploaded by

    Kath
    Kohlberg's theory proposes 6 stages of moral development based on how people justify their decisions when responding to moral dilemmas. The stages progress from pre-conventional (focusing on obedience/punishment and self-interest) to conventional (focusing on social norms and rules) to post-conventional (focusing on social contracts and universal ethical principles). Kohlberg studied boys' responses to dilemmas like the Heinz dilemma about a man stealing a drug to save his wife and found their justifications reflected different stages of cognitive moral reasoning.

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    Kohlberg’s 6 Stages of Moral

    Development
    To confirm his theory, Kohlberg interviewed boys
    between the ages of 10 and 16. He then analyzed
    how they would justify their decision when
    confronted with different hypothetical moral
    dilemmas.
    Superimposing the participants’ argumentation
    onto their cognitive development, Kohlberg
    postulated, that humans progress through the
    stages in a hierarchical order, as their cognitive
    abilities develop.
    Kohlberg’s stages of moral development:

    ❏ Theory inspired by Jean Piaget


    ❏ Method - moral dilemmas (Heinz) to investigate children’s
    reasoning.
    ❏ Six stages - concerned with justice.
    ❏ Not what should be done but reasoning used to justify the
    response.
    The Heinz dilemma:
    A woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the
    doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same
    town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist
    was charging ten times what the drug cost him to produce. He paid $200 for the
    radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband,
    Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get
    together about $1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife
    was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said:
    "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So Heinz got
    desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug for his wife.
    Should Heinz have broken into the store to steal the drug for his wife? Why or
    why not?
    Level 1: Pre-conventional

    Stage one (obedience and punishment):

    Heinz should not steal the drug. He will be put in prison.

    Stage two (reward & self-interest):

    Heinz should steal the drug he will be much happier if he


    saves his wife.
    Level 2: Conventional
    Stage three (interpersonal accord and conformity):
    Heinz should steal the drug. His wife expects it;
    He wants to be a good husband.

    Stage four (authority and maintaining social order):


    Heinz should steal the drug. He should take the punishment for the
    crime & pay the druggist. Actions have their consequences.
    Level 3: Post-conventional

    Stage five (social contract):

    Heinz should steal the drug. Everyone has a right to choose life,
    regardless of the law.

    Stage six (universal human ethics):


    Heinz should steal the drug. Saving a human life is a more
    fundamental value than the property rights of another person.
    Stages of Moral Reasoning

    Level Stages Orientation

    Pre conventional Stage 1: Obedience and Deciding what is right or wrong


    Punishment is based on what action is
    punished. The child obeys to
    avoid punishment.

    Stage 2: Reward and Deciding what is right or wrong


    Self-interest is based on what is rewarded.
    Conventional Stage 3: Interpersonal Accord Deciding what is right or
    and Conformity wrong is based on what others
    approve or disapprove of.

    Stage 4: Authority b=and Deciding what is right or


    Maintaining Social Order wrong is based on the rules
    that should be followed

    Post conventional Stage 5: Social Contract Deciding what is right or


    wrong is based on laws;
    however, one recognizes that
    they can change. An individual
    acts based on what will be
    good for the majority.

    Stage 6: Universal Ethical Deciding what is right or


    Principles wrong is based on universal
    principles. One looks into one’s
    conscience, pursues justice
    and seeks equality at all costs.
    “ Morality is the ability to see an issue from
    points of view of others than just your own.”
    -Lawrence Kholberg

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