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may 2023 paper 1

Question 0 Non-Calculator
The giant algae Acetabularia can be a model organism for studying the biology of a plant cell. Which characteristics of
Acetabularia make it a good model organism?

A. Both, Acetabularia cells and plant cells, do not have a cell wall.

B. Acetabularia is composed of one large cell.

C. Acetabularia is composed of many large cells.

D. Acetabularia contains a pigment which makes its structures easily visualised.

Question 1 Non-Calculator
The important properties of animal cell membranes are fluidity and permeability. Which molecule is responsible for
ensuring the membrane’s fluidity?

A. Cholesterol

B. Integral Membrane Proteins

C. Glycolipids

D. Peripheral Membrane Proteins

Question 2 Non-Calculator
When is the concentration of cyclin E the highest during the cell cycle ?
[© Revision Village 2022]

Question 3 Non-Calculator
Which of the following structures below represents the -R group in the molecule below?

[ © Revision Village 2022. Created using MolView (https ://molview.org)]

A. B.

C. D.

Question 4 Non-Calculator
Which of the following statements about lipids is true?

A. It is advisable to add trans fatty acids to one’s diet.

B. There is a carbon-carbon triple bond in monounsaturated fats.

C. Polyunsaturated fats are made up of carbon-carbon single bonds to keep them in a liquid state.

D. Saturated fats are made up of carbon-carbon single bonds.

Question 5 Non-Calculator
What is the substrate for the enzyme lactase?

A. Glucose

B. Galactose

C. Lactose

D. Fructose

Question 6 Non-Calculator
Which substance would need the greatest amount of energy to raise its temperature?

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A. Air
B. Methanol
C. Water
D. Coconut oil

Question 7 Non-Calculator
Which of the following statements is false regarding translation?

A. Translation needs mRNA, which carries genetic information in the form of codons.

B. The process of translation starts with the start codon AUG.

C. Translation takes place in the nucleus.

D. tRNAs contain anticodons which are complementary to the mRNA’s codons.

Question 8 Non-Calculator
The graph shows the amount of oxygen inside a chamber containing yeast cells and substrates as measured by an
oxygen sensor. The experimental investigation compared the rate of oxygen consumption during aerobic respiration by
the yeast cells using three different substrates: sucrose, fructose and glucose.

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What can be concluded from the graph?

A. The hydrolysis of sucrose forms glucose and fructose

B. The breakdown of glucose and fructose is much slower than sucrose

C. The rate of cellular respiration decreases the more complex the substrate

D. The cumulative amount of oxygen consumed by the yeast cells increases over time

Question 9 Non-Calculator
The image shows an abnormal human karyotype.
[Source: Adapted from Wessex Reg. Genetics Centre. (n.d.) Down syndrome human karyotype 47,XY. Retrieved
March 29, 2022, from https<NO LINK>://wellcomecollection.org/works/wmcdanw6. Copyright under CC BY 4.0]

What is the abnormality in this karyotype and its cause?

Abnormality Possible Cause

A. X and Y chromosomes are different in size Non-disjunction in anaphase I or II
B. X and Y chromosomes are different in size Crossing-over in prophase I
C. 3 copies of Chromosome 21 Non-disjunction in anaphase I or II
D. 3 copies of Chromosome 21 Crossing-over in prophase I

Question 10 Non-Calculator
A biological male with hemophilia and a biological female without hemophilia have a daughter without hemophilia.
What are the possible genotypes of the daughter?

X
H
I.
X
H
X
H
II.
X
h
X
h
III.
X
h

A. I only

B. II only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
Question 11 Non-Calculator
The diagram shows a DNA profile of a child and the profiles of three potential pairs of parents. Which pair(s) could be
the actual parents of the child?

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A. Parents X only

B. Parents Y only

C. Parents Y and Z only

D. Parents X and Z only

Question 12 Non-Calculator
The micrographs show four phases of meiosis I in a plant. In what order do these phases occur?

[Source: Adapted from Windham, M. D., Pryer, K. M., Poindexter, D. B., Li, F.-W., Rothfels, C. J., and Beck, J. B.
(2020). A step-by-step protocol for meiotic chromosome counts in flowering plants: A powerful and economical
technique revisited. Retrieved January 4, 2023, from Applications in Plant Sciences 8( 4): e11342. © 2020, Windham et
al. Licensed under CC BY 4.0]

A. X-Y-W-Z

B. W-Z-X-Y

C. Y-X-W-Z

D. Z-W-X-Y

Question 13 Non-Calculator
Chytrids are unicellular organisms that feed on pollen through extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes and
absorption of the breakdown products. Which statement describes the nutritional mode of this organism?
 A. Autotrophic producer

B. Autotrophic consumer

C. Heterotrophic detritivore

D. Heterotrophic saprotroph

Question 14 Non-Calculator
The illustration shows a rice cultivation system that eliminates the need for fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides by
raising ducks in rice paddies. Additionally, Azolla, an aquatic floating fern, is grown in these fields because they
harbour blue-green algae that fixes N2 . This system produces duck, fish and rice for human consumption.
​

[© Revision Village 2022. Created with BioRender.com]

What would be a possible food chain for the rice cultivation system shown in the image?

A. algae → fish → duck → human

B. algae ← fish ← duck ← human

C. insects → algae → duck → human

D. insects ← algae ← duck ← human

Question 15 Non-Calculator
Which process is most likely responsible for the origin of mitochondria as a eukaryotic cell organelle?

A. Osmosis

B. Exocytosis

C. Apoptosis
 D. Endocytosis

Question 16 Non-Calculator
Which characteristics of carbon dioxide make it a greenhouse gas of concern?

A. Absorbs long wave radiation and has a significant concentration in the atmosphere.

B. Emits shortwave radiation and has a significant concentration in the atmosphere.

C. Absorbs shortwave radiation and has a high stability.

D. Blocks infrared radiation and has a high stability.

Question 17 Non-Calculator
A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a
compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

A. The gene for the toxic compound was inherited from an ancestor of the plant population.

B. A mutation during meiosis resulted in a DNA sequence that codes for the compound.

C. The enzyme needed to produce the compound was transferred by a plant from another population.

D. Individuals in the plant population mutated in response to the pressure from herbivores.

Question 18 Non-Calculator
The phylogenetic tree below shows relationships among species in four phyla of land plants.

[Source: Adapted from Sousa, F., Civáň, P., Foster, P.G., and J. Cymon. (July, 2020). The Chloroplast Land Plant
Phylogeny: Analyses Employing Better-Fitting Tree- and Site-Heterogeneous Composition Models. Front. Plant Sci.
11:1062. Retrieved January 4, 2023 from https<NO LINK>://www<NO
LINK>.researchgate.net/publication/343263276_The_Chloroplast_Land_Plant_Phylogeny_Analyses_Employing_Better-
Fitting_Tree-and_Site-_Heterogeneous_Composition_Models. Copyright under CC BY 4.0]
The divisions of land plants have important differences. Which of these phyla produce seeds?

A. Angiospermophyta only

B. Coniferophyta and angiospermophyta

C. Bryophyta only

D. Bryophyta and filicinophyta

Question 19 Non-Calculator
What helps prevent the backflow of blood away from the heart in a vein?

A. Relaxation of skeletal muscles

B. Venous valves

C. Relaxation of the heart

D. Thin vessel walls

Question 20 Non-Calculator
Which of the following is associated with non-specific immunity?

A. Lymphocytes

B. Antibodies

C. Memory cells

D. Mucus

Question 21 Non-Calculator
Which row in the table below correctly outlines the sequence of events for the digestion and absorption of starch
products?

I II III IV
A. Maltase breaks Glucose is absorbed by Glucose is transported to the liver
Amylase breaks 1,6 bonds
1,4 bonds active transport in the hepatic artery
B. Amylase breaks Maltase and dextrinase digest Glucose is absorbed by Glucose is transported to the liver
1,4 bonds maltose and dextrins facilitated diffusion in the hepatic portal vein
C. Amylase breaks Maltase and dextrinase digest Glucose is absorbed by Glucose is transported to the liver
1,4 bonds maltose and dextrins active transport in the hepatic portal vein
D. Maltase breaks Glucose is absorbed by Glucose is transported to the liver
Amylase breaks 1,6 bonds
1,4 bonds facilitated diffusion by the hepatic artery

Question 22 Non-Calculator
Which of the following is not an example of speciation?

A. Evolution of different beak shapes in finches (C. olivacea)

B. Breeding varieties of green apples (M. domestica) with desirable characteristics

C. Squirrels on the North and South rims of the grand canyon, who cannot interbreed

D. Buffalo grass (B. dactyloides) is able to grow in polluted soil but other species of grass cannot

Question 23 Non-Calculator
The diagram shows a process that occurs in the membranes of neurons during a stage of the action potential. What
process does the diagram depict?

[Source: Adapted from Villarreal, M. R. (2007, February 23). Bomba de sodi i potassi. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 4,
2023 from https<NO LINK>://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomba_de_sodi_i_potassi. Copyright under Public Domain]

A. Open sodium channels initiating depolarization.

B. The sodium/potassium pump initiating depolarization.

C. Open sodium channels restoring the resting potential.

D. The sodium/potassium pump restoring the resting potential.

Question 24 Non-Calculator
The diagram shows a frontal view of the female reproductive organs.
[Source: Adapted from Servier Medical Art. (2013, September 10). Servier Medical Art. Flickr. Retrieved January 4,
2023 from https<no link>://www<no link>.flickr.com/photos/serviermedicalart/9714261259/in/photolist-fNq8r6.
Copyright under CC BY 2.0]

What structures are labeled by the numbers 1, 2, and 3?

1 2 3
A. ovary uterus cervix
B. fallopian tube uterus vagina
C. ovary cervix vagina
D. fallopian tube cervix cervix

Question 25 Non-Calculator
Hershey and Chase conducted experiments using the radioactive isotopes

35
S and
32
P which demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material. What would they have observed about the distribution of
isotopes in the centrifuged sample if protein, rather than DNA, were the genetic material?

A. High proportion of

35
S in the bacterial pellet relative to the supernatant.

B. High proportion of

32
P in the bacterial pellet relative to the supernatant.

C. High proportion of both

35
S and
32
P in the bacterial pellet relative to the supernatant.

D. Low proportion of both

35
 S and
32
P in the bacterial pellet relative to the supernatant.

Question 26 Non-Calculator
Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genome?

A. Some mRNA transcripts are double-stranded.

B. There are genes that produce multiple different mRNA transcripts.

C. Not all mRNA transcripts are produced by genes.

D. Some mRNA transcripts are produced by other mRNA transcripts.

Question 27 Non-Calculator
Which characteristics distinguish between an alpha helix and a beta-pleated sheet?

I. The positions of hydrogen bonds between different amino acids

II. The location of hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar R groups
III. The positions of disulfide bridges between cysteine residues

A. I only

B. I and II only

C. II and III only

D. I, II, and III

Question 28 Non-Calculator
The diagram shows the pathway that converts threonine to isoleucine.

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What is the name and mechanism of the process through which isoleucine interacts with threonine dehydratase?

Name Mechanism
A. Competitive inhibition Isoleucine binds to the active site on the enzyme.
B. Competitive inhibition Isoleucine binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme.
C. End-product inhibition Isoleucine binds to the active site on the enzyme.
D. End-product inhibition Isoleucine binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme.
Question 29 Non-Calculator
A mitochondrion is shown in the diagram. Which letter indicates the site where protons accumulate prior to the
formation of ATP?

[Source: Adapted from Skuratovskaia, D., Komar, A., Vulf, M., & Litvinova, L. (2020). Mitochondrial destiny in type 2
diabetes: the effects of oxidative stress on the dynamics and biogenesis of mitochondria. PeerJ 8
. Retrieved March 2, 2022, from https<NO LINK>://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9741. Copyright under CC BY 4.0]

Question 30 Non-Calculator
In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylation?

A. Thylakoid space

B. Stroma

C. Thylakoid membrane

D. Chloroplast membrane

Question 31 Non-Calculator
The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (

14
CO2 ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.
​

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Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

 A. All colonies received an equal amount of sap.

B. All colonies were equally spaced along the stem of the plant.

C. Colony 1 fed on the sap more quickly than other colonies.

D. Colony 1 was located closest to the leaves.

Question 32 Non-Calculator
Plant shoots detect and respond to light. What plant protein detects light, and what mechanism initiates the response?

Protein Mechanism
A. Auxin Triggers movement of phototropins
B. Auxin Inhibits cell elongation
C. Phototropins Triggers movement of auxin
D. Phototropins Stimulates cell elongation

Question 33 Non-Calculator
What causes flowering?

A. Differentiation in the lateral meristem

B. Changes in gene expression in the apical meristem

C. Stimulation of phototropins

D. Gene mutation in the apical meristem

Question 34 Non-Calculator
The diagram shows gametes produced from two homologous chromosomes.
[© Revision Village 2022]
What single crossover event could have occurred to produce the gametes?

I. Crossover between Gene A and B

II. Crossover between Gene B and C
III. Crossover between Gene C and D

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and II only

D. II and III only

Question 35 Non-Calculator
A dihybrid cross was carried out between two sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus) to see if the genes for seed number
and seed shape are linked. The critical value for the chi-squared test at the 0.05 significance level was 7.82. The
calculated value for the chi-squared test was 10.05; what does this indicate?

A. The null hypothesis can be rejected and the genes are linked

B. The null hypothesis can be accepted and the genes are unlinked

C. The alternative hypothesis can be rejected and the genes are linked

D. The alternative hypothesis can be accepted and the genes are unlinked

Question 36 Non-Calculator
In blood donation, an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction occurs when red blood cells are attacked by the recipient’s
immune system. Which property of red blood cells explains this response?

A. B cells recognize all red blood cells as foreign.

B. Foreign red blood cells have surface antibodies that interact with T cells.

C. Foreign red blood cells have surface antigens that stimulate antibody production.

D. Antibodies are unable to bind to foreign red blood cells.

Question 37 Non-Calculator
Which statement(s) are true for ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction?

I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum

II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

A. I, II and III

B. I only
 C. II only

D. III only

Question 38 Non-Calculator
At which position in the nephron would you expect the solute concentration of the filtrate to be between 200% and
300% that of the normal blood solute concentration and for water, but not sodium, to be drawn out of the filtrate into
the medulla?

[Source: Adapted from Servier Medical Art. (n.d). Nephron. Smart servier medical art. Retrieved March 3, 2022, from
https<no link>://smart.servier.com/smart_image/nephron-3/. Copyright under CC BY 3.0]

Question 39 Non-Calculator
Which hormone is released by an embryo early in pregnancy in order to stimulate the ovary to secrete progesterone?

A. LH

B. Estrogen

C. hCG

D. FSH