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Bab 15 T4

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BAB 15 : PEMBIAKAN SEKS, PERKEMBANGAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN DALAM MANUSIA DAN HAIWAN

CHAPTER 15 : SEXUAL REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS

SOALAN 1

Rajah 1 menujukkan proses fisiologi dalam manusia.


Diagram 1 shows a physiological process in a human.

Rajah 1 / Diagram 1

(a) Huraikan proses yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.


Describe the process shown in Diagram 1
[4 markah / 4 marks]

(b)
Hormon korionik gonadotrop (HCG) manusia mempunyai peranan yang sama seperti hormon
peluteinan (LH).
Seorang wanita menghadapi masalah tidak boleh hamil disebabkan kegagalan dalam pengovulan.
Wanita itu telah hamil selepas doktor memberikannya suntikan HCG.
Human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (HCG) has a similar role to luteinising hormone (LH)
The women has a problem conceiving due to failure in ovulation. The woman becomes pregnant
after a doctor has given her injection of HCG.

Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, terangkan bagaimana suntikan HCG membolehkan proses kehamilan.
Based on the above statement, explain how the HCG injections enable the process of pregnancy.
[6 markah / 6 marks]

Modul Skor A+ Biologi Tingkatan 4 1


SOALAN 2

Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua jenis anak kembar.


Diagram 2 shows two types of twins

Kembar P Kembar Q
Twin P Twin Q
Rajah 2 / Diagram 2

(a) (i) Namakan jenis kembar Q.


Name the type of twins Q.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
[1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii) Terangkan bagaimana kembar Q terbentuk.


Explain how twins Q are formed.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
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[2 markah / 2 marks]

(b) (i) Namakan struktur Y.


Name the structure Y.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
[1 markah / 1 mark]

(ii) Nyatakan dua fungsi struktur Y.


State two functions of structure Y.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
2…………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
[2 markah / 2 marks]

(c) Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara kembar P dan kembar Q.


State two differences between twins P and twins Q.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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[2 markah / 2 marks]
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SOALAN 3
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan seekor belalang.
Diagram 3.1 shows the growth curve of a grasshopper.
Panjang badan (mm)
Body length (mm)
Dewasa
Adult

Nimfa
Nymph

Telur
Egg Ekdisis / Ecdysis

Masa (Hari)
Time (Day)
Rajah 3.1 / Diagram 3.1

(a) Terangkan lengkung pertumbuhan belalang itu.


Explain the growth curve of the grasshopper. [4 markah / 4 marks]

(b) Diagram 3.2 shows the growth curve of human.


Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan manusia.
Ketinggian (cm)
Height (cm)

Masa (Tahun)
Rajah 3.2 / Diagram 3.2 Time (Years)
P, Q, R, S dan T adalah fasa-fasa pada lengkung pertumbuhan.
Terangkan perubahan yang berlaku pada setiap fasa.
P, Q, R, S and T are phases of the growth curve.
Explain the changes occur in each phases.
[10 markah / 10 marks ]

Modul Skor A+ Biologi Tingkatan 4 3


SOALAN 4

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada sistem pembiakan perempuan.Perkembangan zigot berlaku dalam
sistem ini.
Diagram 4.1 shows part of a female reproductive system. The development of zygote occurs in this system.
Zigot
Zygote

Persenyawaan
Fertilization

Dinding uterus
Uterus wall
Ovari Penempelan
Ovary Implantation

Rajah 4.1 / Diagram 4.1

(a) Berdasarkan Rajah 4.1, huraikan perkembangan zigot selepas persenyawaan sehingga penempelan.
Based on the diagram 4.1, describe the development of the zygote after fertilisation until implantation.
[4 markah / 4 marks]

(b) Rajah 4.2 menujukkan satu kaedah untuk mengatasi masalah kesuburan bagi seorang perempuan yang telah
berkahwin yang kedua-kedua tiub Falopionya tersumbat.
Diagram 4.2 shows a method to overcome infertility in a married women with a blockage in her both Fallopian
Tubes.

Sperma
Sperm

Uterus
Uterus Ovari Piring petri
Ovary Petri dish

Nutrien
Nutrient

Rajah 4.2 / Diagram 4.2

Terangkan bagaimana kaedah ini membantu wanita ini untuk mendapatkan anak.
Explain how this method helps this women to have a baby.
[6 markah / 6 marks]
Modul Skor A+ Biologi Tingkatan 4 4
(c) Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan rajah skema spermatogenesis dan oogenesis pada manusia.
Diagram 4.3 shows the schematic diagram of spermatogenesis and oogenesis in human.

Rajah 4.3 / Diagram 4.3

Terangkan persamaan dan perbezaan antara spermatogenesis dan oogenesis.


Explain the similarities and differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
[10 markah / 10 marks]

Modul Skor A+ Biologi Tingkatan 4 5


SOALAN 5

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan peringkat kitar ovari dalam ovari.


Diagram 5.1 shows the stages of the ovarian cycle in the ovary.

P R

Rajah 5.1 / Diagram 5.1

(a) Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, terangkan perkembangan struktur P untuk membentuk struktur Q.
Based on Diagram 5.1, explain the development of structure P to form structure Q.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 markah / 2 marks]

(b) (i) Berikut adalah hormon-hormon yang terlibat dalam pembentukan ovum.
The following hormones are involved in ovum formation.
• Hormon peluteinan (LH
Luteinising hormone (LH)
• Hormon perangsang folikel (FSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Estrogen
Oestrogen

Jelaskan bagaimana rembesan satu hormon mengawal perembesan hormon-hormon yang lain
sebelum ovulasi berlaku.
Describe how the secretion of one hormone controls the secretion of the other hormones before the
ovulation occurs.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
[3 markah / 3 marks]

Modul Skor A+ Biologi Tingkatan 4 6


(ii) Pil pencegah kehamilan mengandungi hormon estrogen dan progesteron.
Terangkan peranan hormon progeteron dalam pencegahan kehamilan.
Contraceptive pills contain oestrogen and progesterone hormones.
Explain the role of progesterone hormone in the prevention of pregnancy.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
[2 markah / 2 marks]

(c) Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sebahagian sistem pembiakan perempuan pada manusia.
Diagram 5.2 shows a part of the female reproductive system in human.

Tisu parut
Scar tissue

Oosit sekunder
Secondary oocyte
Ovari
Ovary

Rajah 5.2 / Diagram 5.2

Dalam sesetengah kehamilan, suatu kecederaan berlaku dalam tiub Fallopio yang menyebabkan pembentukan
tisu parut seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.2. Terangkan bagaimana kehadiran tisu parut boleh memberi kesan
kepada kehamilan.
In certain pregnancies, an injury occurs in the Fallopian tube which will cause the formation of scar tissues
as shown in Diagram 5.2. Explain how the presence of scar tissue may affect the pregnancy.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks / 2 markah]

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