Lesson 4 FKB 11102

2
1
Logarithmic
Implicit Differentiation
Differentiation
OTHER TYPES OF
DIFFERENTIATION
IMPLICIT
DIFFERENTIATION
A completely defined function,
y in terms of x is called an
explicit function, for example
4 2
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 +1
If it is not possible to separate y

completely on the left hand side,
then the function is called an
implicit function, for example
2
𝑥 𝑦 + 2𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 2
Implicit Differentiation
Explicit Function Implicit Function
d d dy
( 4 x 3 )  12 x 2 ( 4 y 3 )  12 y 2
dx dx dx
d d
(sin(x 2 )) (sin(y 2 ))
dx dx
d 2 d 2
 cos(x 2 ) (x )  cos(y ) 2
(y )
dx dx
dy
 cos(x 2 ) (2x)  cos(y 2 ) (2y)
dx
 2x cos(x 2 ) dy
 2y cos(y ) 2
dx
STEPS TO FOLLOW IN
PERFORMING IMPLICIT
DIFFERENTIATION
Differentiate Collect all terms

both sides with dy/dx on the
with respect left, everything
to x else on the right
Solve
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
for Factor out
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
EXAMPLE 1
Determine the derivative of
𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 = 𝑦 5
𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 = 𝑦 5
𝑑 2 𝑑 𝑑 5
(𝑥 ) + 2𝑦 = (𝑦 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 4 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 +2 = 5𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 4
𝑑𝑦
2 − 5𝑦 = − 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4 𝑑𝑦
(2 − 5𝑦 ) = − 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
EXAMPLE 2
𝑥𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑦 = 2
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑥𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑦 = 2
Product rule
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥
′ 𝑑
𝑢 = 𝑥 =1
𝑑𝑥
𝑣=𝑦
′ 𝑑 𝑑𝑦
𝑣 = 𝑦 =1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑣𝑢′ + 𝑢𝑣′ + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑦 = 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
𝑦 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦 2𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦 =0−𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦 = −y
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
∴ =−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦
LOGARITHMIC
DIFFERENTIATION
This method is useful for those functions
in which
1. The base and index both are variables
y  (sin x )cos x
2. A number of functions are multiplied

or divided
e4x
y 3
x cosh 2x
STEPS TO FOLLOW IN
PERFORMING LOGARITHMIC
DIFFERENTIATION
Take logs Use the properties of
to the log to simplify
base e of product to sum and
both sides quotient to
difference
Solve Differentiate all

for
𝑑𝑦 terms with
𝑑𝑥 respect to x
IMPORTANT NOTES
It is advisable if you can remember
the laws of logarithm in order to
do Logarithmic Differentiation
𝑙𝑛 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑙𝑛 𝐴 + 𝑙𝑛(𝐵)
𝐴 𝑒 𝑙𝑛 (𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑙𝑛 = 𝑙𝑛 𝐴 − 𝑙𝑛(𝐵)
𝐵 𝑙𝑛𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑘
𝑙𝑛 𝐴 = 𝑘 𝑙𝑛 𝐴
EXAMPLE 3
4𝑥
𝑒
𝑦= 2
𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑒 4𝑥
𝑦=
𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑒 4𝑥
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛
2
𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝐴
𝑙𝑛 = 𝑙𝑛 𝐴 − 𝑙𝑛(𝐵)
𝐵
4𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑒
4𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑙𝑛 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑙𝑛 𝐴 + 𝑙𝑛(𝐵)
4𝑥 − (𝑙𝑛 𝑥 2 + 𝑙𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)
4𝑥
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑒 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 2 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥
2
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑙𝑛 𝐴 𝑘 = 𝑘 𝑙𝑛 𝐴
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 2 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 ∶
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = (4𝑥) − (2 𝑙𝑛𝑥)
𝑑
− (𝑙𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = (4𝑥) − (2 𝑙𝑛𝑥)
𝑑
− (𝑙𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1 1 𝑑
= 4 − 2. − (𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1 1
= 4 − 2. − . −𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 . 2
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 2 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
= 4− +
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
= 𝑦 4− +
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
EXAMPLE 4
𝑦= 𝑥 3𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥 3𝑥
3𝑥
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑥
Apply the properties of log :
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑙𝑛 𝑥
Differentiate with respect to x :
Product rule
𝑑 𝑑
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑙𝑛 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑢 = 3𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥
′
𝑑𝑢 ′
𝑑𝑣 1
𝑢 = =3 𝑣 = =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 ′
= 𝑣𝑢 + 𝑢𝑣′
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1
= 𝑙𝑛𝑥 3 + 3𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 3
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦 3𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥
= 𝑥 3𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥
= 3𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑥
EXAMPLE 5
𝑥 2 +3 5
𝑦= 1
𝑥+1 2
and hence, evaluate at 𝑥 = 3

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +3 5
𝑦= 1
𝑥+1 2
𝑥 2 +3 5
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 1
𝑥+1 2
1
2 5
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 3 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 1 2
2 1
𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 5 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 3 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 1 2
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 ∶
𝑑 𝑑 2
1 𝑑
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 5 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 3 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1 1 1
= 5. . 2𝑥 − . .1
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 + 3 2 𝑥+1
1 𝑑𝑦 10𝑥 1
= 2 −
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 +3 2(𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑦 10𝑥 1
= 𝑦 2 −
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 3 2(𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2 + 3 5
10𝑥 1
= 1 2
−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+1 2 𝑥 + 3 2(𝑥 + 1)
At 𝒙 = 𝟑 ,
2 5
𝑑𝑦 𝟑 +3 10 𝟑 1
= 1 −
𝑑𝑥 𝟑 2 + 3 2( 𝟑 + 1)
𝟑 +1 2
𝑑𝑦 12 5
30 1
= −
𝑑𝑥 1
12 8
4 2
𝑑𝑦
= 295488
𝑑𝑥

Lesson 4 FKB 11102

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2

If it is not possible to separate y

Explicit Function Implicit Function

Differentiate Collect all terms

Determine the derivative of

1. The base and index both are variables

2. A number of functions are multiplied

Solve Differentiate all

and hence, evaluate at 𝑥 = 3

𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 ∶

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