INTRODUCTION

Flagship schemes of a government are those schemes which are the main or
most important and address major national concerns on health, education,
environment, irrigation, urban and rural development,employment and other
sectors. As the schemes are of utmost importance, the funding of these schemes is
slightly higher than other schemes. The word "Flagship" associated with these
important schemes is derived from the original term 'flagship' meaning the most
important or prioritized concern of an organization.

The Flagship schemes of the Indian Government are declared by the Union Cabinet or
the Development Evaluation Advisory Committee (DEAC) of Planning Commission. The
DEAC can modify the flagship schemes from time to time.
 Flagship Schemes of Government of India

Flagship programmes of a government are those programmes

which are the main or most important and address major national
concerns on health, education, environment, irrigation, urban and
rural development, employment and other sectors.Government
schemes are programmes launched by the government to improve the
standard of living of all citizens.
These initiatives, often spearheaded by different ministries, focus on
crucial areas such as healthcare, education, agriculture,infrastructure,
and social citizens.Some notable examples include the Pradhan
Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (financial inclusion), Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
(cleanliness drive), Ayushman Bharat (healthcare for all), and Make in
India (promoting manufacturing). These schemes aim to uplift
marginalized communities, enhance economic growth, and improve
the overall quality of life for citizens.Successful implementation of
these flagship schemes plays a pivotal role in the government’s efforts
to achieve inclusive and sustainable development across the country.

Digital India

Digital India was an initiative taken by the Government of

India for providing high- speed internet networks to rural areas.
Digital India Mission was launched by PM Narendra Modi on 1st
July 2015 as a beneficiary to other government schemes
including Make in India, Bharatmala, Sagarmala, Startup India,
BharatNet, and Standup India.

Digital India Mission is mainly focused on three areas:

1. Providing digital infrastructure as a source of utility to every

citizen.

2. Governance and services on demand.

3. To look after the digital empowerment of every citizen

Digital India aims to provide the much- needed thrust to the nine
pillars of growth areas. Each of these areas is a complex
programme in itself and cuts across multiple Ministries and
Departments. The nine pillars of Digital India are given below:

Broadband Highways- This covers three sub components,

namely Broadband for All - Rural, Broadband for All - Urban and
National Information Infrastructure (NII).

Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity- This initiative focuses

on network penetration and filling the gaps in connectivity in the
country.

Public Internet Access Programme- The two sub components of

Public Internet Access Programme are Common Services Centres
(CSCS) and Post Offices as multi-service centres.

e-Governance- Reforming Government through Technology-

Government Process
Re-engineering using IT to simplify and make the government
processes more efficient is critical for transformation to make the
delivery of government services more effective across various
government domains and therefore needs to be implemented by
all Ministries/ Departments.
e-Kranti Electronic Delivery of Services- To improve the
delivery of public services and simplify the process of accessing
them. In this regard, several e-governance initiatives have been
undertaken by various State Governments and Central Ministries
to usher in an era of
e-Government.

Information for All- This pillar aims to ensure transparency and

availability of reliable data generated by the line ministries for use,
reuse and redistribution for the people of India.

Electronics Manufacturing- This pillar

focuses on promoting electronics manufacturing in the country.

IT for Jobs- This pillar focuses on providing training to the youth in

the skills required for availing employment opportunities in the
IT/ITES sector.

Early Harvest Programmes- This

pillar consists of a group of different short-term projects which
have immediate effect on the Indian digital ecosystem.
In summary, Digital India is a comprehensive initiative that seeks to
leverage technology to empower citizens, enhance governance,
boost economic growth, and bridge the digital

Swachh Bharath

Swachh Bharat Mission, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, or Clean India

Mission is a country- wide campaign initiated by the Government of India
on 2 October 2014 to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste
management and to create Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages. The
program also aims to increase awareness of menstrual health
management. It is a restructured version of the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan
which was launched by Congress in 2009 that failed to achieve its
intended targets due to rampant corruption and indecisive leadership.
Phase 1 of the Swachh Bharat Mission lasted till 2 October 2019, and
Phase 2 is being implemented between 2020-21 and 2024-25 to help
cement the work of Phase 1.

Initiated by the Government of India, the mission aimed to

achieve an "open-defecation free" (ODF) India by 2 October 2019,
the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhil6) through
construction of toilets. An estimated 89.9 million toilets were built in
the period.

The objectives of the first phase of the mission also included

eradication of manual scavenging, generating awareness and
bringing about a behavior change regarding sanitation practices,
and augmentation of capacity at the local level.The second phase
of the mission aims to sustain the open defecation free status and
improve the management of solid and liquid waste, while also
working to improve the lives of sanitation workers. The mission is
aimed at progressing towards target 6.2 of the Sustainable
Development Goals Number 6 established by the United Nations in
2015. By achieving the lowest open defecation-free status in 2019,
India achieved its Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.2 health
target in record time, eleven years ahead of the UN SDG target of
31 December 2030.The government provided subsidy for
construction of nearly 90 million toilets between 2014 and 2019.

Skill India
Skill India is a flagship initiative by the Government of India
aimed at enhancing the employability of the country's workforce
and promoting a culture of skill development. Launched in 2015,
the program focuses on providing quality training to a vast
number of people across various sectors,including agriculture,
manufacturing, construction, and services.
The key objectives of Skill India include:

1. Skill Development: Offering skill training to a diverse

range of individuals, empowering them with the expertise
needed for gainful employment or entrepreneurship.

2. Industry Collaboration: Encouraging partnerships

with industries to ensure that the training provided
aligns with the current and future needs of the job
market.

3. Quality Assurance: Implementing rigorous quality

standards to maintain the effectiveness and relevance
of skill development programs.

4. Inclusivity: Ensuring that skill development

opportunities are accessible to people from all socio-
economic backgrounds, including women and
marginalized communities.

5. Recognition of Prior Learning: Acknowledging and

certifying the skills acquired through informal means to
promote lifelong learning and recognize diverse learning
paths.
6. Entrepreneurship Promotion: Fostering an
entrepreneurial spirit by supporting individuals to start their
own
businesses and contribute to economic growth.

7. Employment Support: Providing assistance in job

placement and creating linkages between skilled
individuals and potential employers.
Through its various schemes and initiatives, Skill India
strives to bridge the gap between demand and supply in the job
 market, ultimately contributing to the nation's economic
development and prosperity.

Make in India
Make in India is a Government of India scheme launched by Prime
Minister Narendra Modi in 2014 intended to boost the domestic
manufacturing sector and also augment investment into the country. This
article comprehensively covers details on objectives, schemes &
initiatives under it, 25 focus sectors, advantages, challenges, & progress
related to the Make in India Scheme.The government wants to revive the
lagging manufacturing sector and spur the growth of the economy. The
GOI also intends to encourage businesses from abroad into investing in
the country and also manufacture here, by improving the country’s ‘Ease
of Doing Business’ index. The long-term vision is to gradually develop
India into a global manufacturing hub, and also boost employment
opportunities in the country.

The focus of Make In India programme is on 25 sectors.

These include: automobiles, automobile components, aviation,
biotechnology, chemicals, construction, defence manufacturing
electrical machinery, electronic systems, food processing, IT & BPM,
leather, media and entertainment, mining, oil and gas, pharmaceuticals,
ports and shipping, railways, renewable energy, roads and highways,
space, textile and garments, thermal power, tourism and hospitality and
wellness.

Startup India
Startup India is a flagship initiative launched by the
Government of India on 16th January, 2016 to build a strong eco-
system for nurturing
innovation and startups in the country which will drive economic
growth and generate large scale employment opportunities. The
Government through this initiative aims to empower startups to grow
through innovation and design. The Standup India scheme was
launched on 5th April, 2016 to facilitate bank loans from
Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) between Rs.10 lakh to
Rs.1 Crore to at least
one Scheduled Caste (SC) or Scheduled Tribe (ST) and one woman
per bank branch for setting up a greenfield enterprise in trading,
services or manufacturing sector. The scheme is expected to
benefitopportunities..5 lakh borrowers.The 19-Point Action Plan
envisages the following forms of
support for Startups, and more:

★ Enhanced infrastructure including incubation centres

★ Easier IPR facilitation, including easier patent filing

★ A better regulatory environment including tax benefits, easier

compliance, improved of setting up a company, faster exit mechanisms
and more.

★ An economic stimulus in the form a INR 10,000crore Fund of

Funds managed by SIDBI, with the goal of increasing funding
opportunities.

★ This website, also known as the Startup India Portal, which offers a
range of useful resources and a vast networking database for
entrepreneurs and other stakeholders in the Startup ecosystem.
 Employment Generation Schemes

Employment generation coupled with improving employability is the

priority of the Government. Accordingly, the Government of India has taken
various steps for generating employment in the country. The efforts
comprise of various long term schemes/ programmes/ policies for making the
country self-reliant and to create employment opportunities.Some
employment generation schemes of government are:

1. Atmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana (ABRY)

Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana (ABRY) has been launched w.e.f.

1st October 2020 to incentivize employers for the creation of new
employment along with social security benefits and restoration of
employment.This scheme is implemented through EPFO seeks to reduce the
financial burden of employers and encourage them to hire more workers.

2. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY)

Under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY), the

Government of India has contributed both 12% employer’s share and 12%
employee’s share under the Employees Provident Fund (EPF), totalling 24%
of the wage for the wage month from March to August 2020 for the
establishments having up to 100 employees with 90% of such employees
earning less than Rs. 15000.
 3. Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (PMRPY)

PMRPY Scheme aims to incentivise employers registered with EPFO

for job creation by the Govt paying the full 12% employers' contribution to
EPF & EPS both
w.e.f 01.04.2018 (earlier benefit was applicable for employer's contribution
towards EPS only i.e 8.33%) for the new employees having UAN (Universal
Account Number), for 1st 3 years of employment.It is implemented by Ministry
of Labour and Employment operational since 2016.

4. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

(MGNREGA)

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 or

MGNREGA, earlier known as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
or NREGA,[3] is an Indian social welfare measure that aims to guarantee the
'right to work'. This act was passed on 23 August 2005[1] and was
implemented in February 2006 under the UPA
government of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh following tabling of the bill
in parliament by the Minister for Rural Development Raghuvansh Prasad
Singh.

It aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at

least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to at least one
member of every household whose adult members volunteer to do
unskilled manual work.Women are guaranteed one third of the jobs made
available under the MGNREGA.Another aim of MGNREGA is to create
durable assets (such as roads, canals, ponds and wells). Employment is
to be provided within 5 km of an applicant's residence, and minimum
wages are to be paid. If work is not provided within 15 days of applying,
applicants are entitled to an unemployment allowance. That is, if the
government fails to provide employment, it has to provide certain
unemployment allowances to thoentitlement.Thus, employment under
MGNREGA is a legal entitlement.

The act was first proposed in 1991 by then Prime Minister P.V.
Narasimha Rao.It was finally accepted in the parliament and
commenced implementation in 625 districts of India. Based on this pilot
experience, NREGA was scoped up to cover all the districts of India
from 1 April 2008.The statute was praised by the government as "the
largest and most ambitious social security and public works program in
the world".MGNREGA is to be implemented mainly by gram
panchayats (GPs). The law stated it provides many safeguards to
 promote its effective management and implementation. The act
explicitly mentions the principles and agencies for implementation, list
of allowed works, financing pattern, monitoring and evaluation, and
detailed measures to ensure transparency and accountability.

5. Aajeevika - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM)

Aajeevika -National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) was

launched by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of
India in June 2011.Aided in part through investment support by the World
Bank, the Mission aims at creating efficient and effective institutional
platforms of the rural poor, enabling them to increase household income
through sustainable livelihoods enhancements and improved access to
financial services.

6. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushlya Yojana (DDUGKY)

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-

GKY), the skill training and placement program of the Ministry of Rural
Development (MoRD), occupies a unique position amongst other skill
training programmes, due to its focus on
the rural poor youth and its emphasis on sustainable employment
through the prominence and incentives given to post-placement
tracking, retention and career progression.
8.Rural Self Employment and Training Institutes (RSETIs).
 Conclusion

The Indian government has social welfare and social security

programmes for its citizens that are supported by the central
government, state governments, or both.”Central sector schemes”
are wholly funded by the federal government, whilst “centrally
sponsored schemes” are partially funded by the federal government
and executed by the states. The NITI Aayog, the Ministry of Statistics
and Programme Implementation, and the Comptroller and Auditor
General of India are among the government bodies that conduct
assessments and audits. State governments in India operate Centrally
Sponsored Schemes, which are mostly supported by the Central
Government with a defined State Government portion. They are
implemented by the government to provide financial and other aid
to individuals who are unable to support themselves. Centrally
Sponsored Schemes are state-run programmes that are supported by
the federal government through a defined shareholding.These
schemes underscore the government’s commitment to holistic
development, addressing key sectors such as sanitation, finance,
healthcare, and industry. While progress has been
made, ongoing evaluation and adjustments are essential to ensure the
effectiveness and sustainability of these initiatives in meeting the
evolving needs of the population.
Reference
★Chrome
★Wikipedia
★Links of websites
www.vikaspedia.in
www.byjus.com
www.pmindia.gov.in
www.startupindia.gov.in