Module 1

Module 1) Study Guide
What is Educational Psychology?

The study of development, learning, and motivation that takes place in and out of schools. It
uses a variety of research methods to look at the various outcomes of teaching. It includes:
- The study of child and adolescent development
- Learning and motivation
- Socio-cultural influences on learning
- How people learn different subject matter
- Assessment of teaching and learning
- The training of teachers
What is the purpose of Educational Psychology?

To examine the impact teaching has on students by using carefully designed research studies.
What is a Teacher’s Sense of Efficacy?

The teacher’s belief that they can reach even difficult students to help them learn. Teachers
with a high sense of efficacy work harder and persist longer even when students are difficult to
teach. These teachers believe in themselves as well as their students and are less likely to
experience burnout.
What are Descriptive Studies?

Studies that collect information about specific situations, often using observations, surveys,
interviews, or recordings, etc.
What are Correlational Studies?

Statistical descriptions of how closely two variables are related. The sign of the correlation tells
us its direction. A positive correlation indicates two factors increase or decrease together. A
negative correlation indicates that an increase in one factor leads to a decrease in the other.
This does NOT indicate a cause-effect.
What are Experimental Studies?

Research method in which variables are manipulated and the effects are recorded. This allows
us to study “cause and effect”.
What are Single-Subject Experimental Studies?

Systematic interventions to study effects with one person, often by applying and then
withdrawing treatment. The purpose is to determine the effects of therapy, teaching methods,
or intervention.
What are Case Studies?
The investigation of one person or situation in depth. This can also include interviewing family
members and friends.
What is Ethnography?
It involves studying the naturally occurring events in the life of a group in order to understand
the meaning of these events to the people involved.
What are Longitudinal Studies?

They document changes that occur in subjects over time and are informative but time
consuming and expensive.
What are Cross-Sectional Studies?

A consequence of the impracticality of longitudinal studies. They focus on groups at different
ages rather than following the same group for many years.
What are Microgenetic Studies?

They intensively study cognitive processes in the midst of change- while change is occurring.
a) Observe the entire period of change (from start to stability)
b) Make observations using interviews or recordings of the individuals being studied.
c) Put the observed behavior under a microscope and examine moment by moment.
What is the different between Qualitative and Quantitative Research?

Qualitative research is exploratory and attempts to understand the meaning of events to
individuals using words, dialogue, events, themes, and images as data. On the other hand,
Quantitative research is both correlational, and experimental research using numbers,
measurements, and statistics.
What is Evidence Based Practice?

Practices that integrate the best available research with the insights of expert practitioners and
knowledge of the characteristics, culture, and preferences of the client.
What is Action Research?

Systematic observations/tests of methods that teachers and schools conduct to improve
teaching and learning for their students. This can be conducted by teachers and is a type of
problem-solving investigation aimed to gather information to improve teaching.
What is a Theory?
An integrated statement of principles that attempts to explain a phenomenon and make
predictions.
What is a Hypothesis?
A prediction of what will happen in a research study based on theory and previous research.
How can we support Student Learning?
- Student engagement (encouraging attendance, participation)
- Designing challenging tasks
- Develop learning strategies (cognitive, metacognitive, and behavioral)
- Positive school climate
- Social-familial influences
VIDEOS:
What do learners value in their teachers?
- Positive teacher-student relationships
- Teachers who are knowledgeable
- Teachers who are flexible
- Teachers who pay attention to an individual’s learning
- Teachers who cater to the different needs of students.
- Teachers who develop a combination of both personal qualities and academic
knowledge that will enable them to build effective relations.
What are ways to become an effective teacher?

- Student teaching is critical.
- Being reflective (What isn’t working, what can I change)
- Shift thinking from “How am I doing” to “How are my students doing.”
What is Differentiated Instruction?

Calls for teachers to go beyond the notion of “accommodating” learner differences, in order to
see diversity as an array of strengths on which to build. This views diversity as a strength rather
than as an impediment. This encourages teachers to consider their students’:
- Knowledge base
- Language background
- Socio-economic status
- Culture, race, and ethnicity
- Learning styles
What is a principle?
It is established when many research studies repeatedly arrive at similar conclusions.
What is a Theory?
It is comprised of an integrated set of concepts used to explain a body of data, and to make
predictions about the results of future investigations.
What Factors Influence Students’ Learning?

 Personal Factors: Student engagement and learning strategies.
 Social-contextual Factors: School climate and social-familial infuences.

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Module 1) Study Guide

What is Educational Psychology?

What is the purpose of Educational Psychology?

What is a Teacher’s Sense of Efficacy?

What are Descriptive Studies?

What are Correlational Studies?

What are Experimental Studies?

What are Single-Subject Experimental Studies?

What are Longitudinal Studies?

What are Cross-Sectional Studies?

What are Microgenetic Studies?

What is the different between Qualitative and Quantitative Research?

What is Evidence Based Practice?

What is Action Research?

What are ways to become an effective teacher?

What is Differentiated Instruction?

What Factors Influence Students’ Learning?

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