Exercise Chapter 9

SETK 2133 Energy Balance

Section 02

Question 1

The standard heat of reaction for the water-gas-shift reaction shown below is 41.17 kJ/mol:

CO2(g) + H2 (g)  CO (g) + H2O(g)

Confirm this value using the heat of vaporization and the following enthalpy changes:

(kJ/mol)

C(s) + O2 (g)  CO2 (g) -393.51

2C(s) + O2 (g)  2CO (g) -221.05
H2O(l)  H2(g) + ½ O2 (g) 285.83

Question 2

You are on a research & development team charged with generating preliminary data for the
following gas-phase reaction:

CO2(g) + 4H2 (g)  2 H2O (g) + CH4(g)

The reaction occurs over a catalyst at a reactor pressure of 1 atm and 500 oC and goes essentially for
completion. Use the following heat capacities data for your calculation:

CO2 (g) : CP = 0.0451 kJ/mol oC

H2 (g): CP = 0.0291 kJ/mol oC
H2O (g): CP = 0.0358 kJ/mol oC
CH4 (g): CP = 0.0487 kJ/mol oC

a) Calculate the standard heat of reaction (kJ/mol) (ans: 165.01 kJ/mol)

b) If the gases enter and leave the reactor at 1 atm and 500 oC, what is the heat of reaction at
500 oC (i.e. DĤ r at 500 oC) in kJ/mol. Assume the reactants are fed in stoichiometric amounts.
(184.63 kJ/mol)

Question 3

The synthesis of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas is carried out in a continuous
vapor-phase reactor. The reactor is isothermally operated at 800oC. Calculate the heat transferred
per mole of methanol produced.

Use the following data

CO + 2 H2 CH3OH(g)

Jamarosliza Jamaluddin 1
 Substance Hof(kJ/mol) Cp (kJ/mol oC)

Methanol -201.2 42.93 x10-3

CO -110.52 28.95 x10-3

H2 0 28.84 x10-3

Question 4

Normal heptane is dehydrocyclization to toluene in a continuous vapor-phase reaction

C7H16  C6H5CH3 + 4 H2

Pure Heptane at 400 oC is fed to the reactor. The reactor operates isothermally at 400 oC and the
reaction goes to completion. Heat capacity of heptane is 0.2427 kJ/mol.oC

(a) What is the of heptane dehydrocyclization heat reaction at 25 oC and 1 atm

(b) Prepare and fill in an inlet-outlet enthalpy table and calculate the required heat transfer to OR
from the reactor in kJ (ans: -96.8 kJ/mol, 110.2 kJ/mol, 10.89 kJ/mol)
(c) What is the heat of heptane dehydrocyclization reaction at 400 oC and 1 atm (ans: 251 kJ/mol)

Question 5 (Test 3 session 20222023-1) (ans:1050 mol/s, 3948 mol/s, 40 mol/s, 320 mol/s, 480
mol/s,490 mol/s, 3948 mol/s, -148 544. 348 kJ/mol)

Jamarosliza Jamaluddin 2
Question 6 (Test 3 session 20222023-1) (ans: -904.74 kJ/mol, 5.31kJ/mol, 6.01 kJ/mol,
0.1536 kJ/mol, -921.5756kJ)

Jamarosliza Jamaluddin 3
Question 7 (Test 3 session 20222023-1) (ans: 1627.3578 kmol/h, 81.3679 kmol/h, 46.4959
kmol/h, 1755.2216 kmol/h, 33477.0742 kmol/h, –1832.5468 MW, 0.0632 %)

Jamarosliza Jamaluddin 4
Question 8 (Test 3 session 20192020-1)

Calcium oxide (CaO) is usually produced by heating and decomposing calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
using calcination process:
CaCO3 (s)  CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
Calcium carbonate at 25°C is fed to a continuous calcination reactor. The calcination reaction is
completed, then the products leave at 900°C.
(a) By taking 1000 kg/h of calcium carbonate as a basis and elemental species [Ca(s), C(s), O2 (g)]
at 25 °C as references, construct an enthalpy table and determine its inlet and outlet values.
(12 Marks)
(b) Determine the required rate of heat transfer (kW). Then state whether the heat is transferred
to or from the reactor. (5 Marks)
(c) Calculate the heat of reaction (Ĥr (T)) in unit kJ/s of the process. (3 Marks)

Question 9 (Test 3 session 20192020-1) (0.510 mol/s, 0.02417 mol/s, 1.415 x 103
mol/s,0.3414 mol/s)
Ethanol (C2H5OH) is produced commercially by the hydration of ethylene (C2H4)
C2H4 (g) +H2O (v) ⇌ C2H5OH (v)
Some of the product is converted to diethyl ether (C2H5)2O in the undesired side reaction
2C2H5OH (v) ⇌ (C2H5)2O (v) + H2O (v)
The combined feed to the reactor which contains 53.7 mol% C2H4, 36.7 mol% H2O and the
balance nitrogen enters the reactor at 310 °C. The reactor operates isothermally at 310 °C.

Jamarosliza Jamaluddin 5
An ethylene conversion of 5 % is achieved, and the yield of ethanol (mol ethanol produced/
mol ethylene consumed) is 0.9.
(d) Determine the molar flowrates of all components at inlet and outlet stream of the reactor
by using Atomic Species Balance method. (6Marks)
(e) By using Heat of Formation method, construct an enthalpy table and determine its inlet
and outlet values. (9 Marks)
(f) Determine the required rate of heat transfer in kW feed. Then, analyse whether the heat
is transferred to or from the reactor. (5 Marks)
Data for (C2H5)2O:
Cp, [kJ/(mol. °C) = 0.08945 + 40.33 x 10-5 T (oC)- 2.244 x 10-7 T2
Ĥof = -252.7 kJ/mol for the vapor

Question 10 (Test 3 session 20192020-1) (ans: 0.8 mol/s, 3.2 mol/s, 4 mol/s, 4.8 mol/s,
5789 oC)

The following reaction occurs in adiabatic reactor.

NH3 (g) + 5/4 O2 (g)  NO (g) + 3/2 H2O (g)
The feed stream contains 4 mol/s of NH3 and 8 mol/s O2 enters a reactor at 200 °C and the
products leave the reactor at Tout. The conversion of NH3 is 80%. The Heat of Formation,
(Ĥof) and heat capacity, (Cp) data are shown in Table below.
Table 1: The Heat of Formation, (Hof) and heat capacity, (Cp) data
Components Ĥof (kJ/mol) at 25 oC Cp (kJ/mol oC)
NH3 (g) -46.19 0.03515
O2 (g) 0 0.02919
NO (g) 90.37 0.02950
H2O (g) -241.83 0.03346

As a new engineer in the chemical plant, you are asked to:

(a) Calculate the molar flowrate (mol/s) of each substance at product stream by using
Extent of Reaction method. (6 Marks)
(b) Prepare and fill in an inlet-outlet enthalpy table and estimate the Tout (oC) of the reactor
by using Heat of Reaction Method. (12 Marks)
(c) Without calculation, estimate the Tout (oC) if the reaction occurs in non-adiabatic
reactor? Explain. (2 Marks)

Jamarosliza Jamaluddin 6
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