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Pipe Laying by Lay Vessel: Mode 1 Buckle Mode 2 Buckle Mode 3 Buckle Mode 4 Buckle

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Introduction 17

Axial force

Mode 1 buckle
Mode 2 buckle
Mode 3 buckle
Mode 4 buckle
Most likely buckle load/wavelength

Buckle wavelength

Mode 1 Mode 2

Mode 3 Mode 4

Figure 1.9 Global buckling of a pipeline.

The installation methods that determine the type of analysis performed are discussed
as follows.
Pipe Laying by Lay Vessel
This method (including S-lay and J-lay) involves joining pipe joints on the lay vessel,
where at a number of work stations, welding, inspection, and field joint coating take
place (see S-lay in Figure 1.10). Pipe laying progresses with the lay vessel moving
forward on its anchors. The pipe is placed on the seabed in a controlled S-bend shape.
The curvature in the upper section, or overbended, is controlled by a supporting
structure, called a stinger, fitted with rollers to minimize damage to the pipe.
The curvature in the lower portion is controlled by application of tension on the
vessel using special machines. The pipeline designer must analyze the pipe lay
configuration to establish that the correct tension capacity and barge geometry are set
up and that the pipe will not be damaged or overstressed during the lay process.
The appropriate analysis can be performed by a range of methods from simple
catenary analysis, to approximate solutions, to precise analysis using finite element
analysis. The main objective of analysis is to identify stress levels in two main
areas. The first is on the stinger (overbend), where the pipe can undergo high
bending, especially at the last support. Since the curvature can now be controlled,

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