A.

READ THE PARAGRAPH, AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

QUESTION.

(1) Many years ago, a special gift came to me in an interesting way. (2) When I
was a small boy, I enjoyed playing in my garden. (3) One day, I found a hole in the
wall of my garden. (4) It was near the ground, so I could not see through the hole,
but I knew that behind the wall was my neighbor's garden. (5) Who made that
hole? (6) I felt really interested, so I used rocks to make the hole wider. (7) One
day, when I was trying to break through the wall, I noticed a small hand appear
from the hole. (8) The hand was holding a rubber sheep. (9) It was pink and it had
wide eyes. (10) I caught that rubber sheep. (11) Then I pushed my favorite wooden
truck through the hole to give to that child on the other side. (12) Sometimes I
bought toys with my lucky New Year money. (13) A long time later, when I was
old enough to go out, I went around the corner to find the child who gave me that
special gift, but nobody was in that house. (14) My neighbor said that a girl used to
live there, and she was the same age as me. (15) I never found her, but her gift has
a special meaning for me.

1. How has the topic sentence been supported?

a. Through an anecdote.
b. Through statistics.
c. Through examples.
d. Through facts.

2. Which sentence breaks the unity of the paragraph?

a. 10.
b. 11.
c. 12.
d. 13.
3. What kind of paragraph is it?
a. Classification.
b. Description.
c. Comparison.
d. Narration.

4. Which of the following is the topic of the paragraph?

a. A strange garden.
b. A special gift.
c. A garden wall.
d. A new friend.

5. Which of the following is a minor support sentence?

a. 6.
b. 7.
c. 9.
d. 10.
B. READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGES CAREFULLY AND CHOOSE THE
CORRECT ANSWER A, B, C, OR D TO EACH QUESTION.

Native Americans probably arrived from Asia in successive waves over several
millennia, crossing a plain hundreds of miles wide that now lies inundated by 160
feet of water released by melting glaciers. For several periods of time, the first
beginning around 60,000 B.C. and the last ending around 7,000 B.C., this land
bridge was open. The first people traveled in the dusty trails of the animals they
hunted. They brought with them not only their families, weapons, and tools but
also a broad metaphysical understanding, sprung from dreams and visions and
articulated in myth and song, which complemented their scientific and historical
knowledge of the lives of animals and of people. All this they shaped in a variety
of languages, bringing into being oral literatures of power and beauty.
Contemporary readers, forgetting the origins of western epic, lyric, and dramatic
forms, are easily disposed to think of “literature” only as something written. But on
reflection it becomes clear that the more critically useful as well as the more
frequently employed sense of the term concerns the artfulness of the verbal
creation, not its mode of presentation. Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued,
regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation, because some significant
verbal achievement results from the struggle in words between tradition and talent.
Verbal art has the ability to shape out a compelling inner vision in some skillfully
crafted public verbal form.

Of course, the differences between the written and oral modes of expression are
not without consequences for an understanding of Native American literature. The
essential difference is that a speech event is an evolving communication, an
“emergent form,” the shape, functions, and aesthetic values of which become more
clearly realized over the course of the performance. In performing verbal art, the
performer assumes responsibility for the manner as well as the content of the
performance, while the audience assumes the responsibility for evaluating the
performer’s competence in both areas. It is this intense mutual engagement that
elicits the display of skill and shapes the emerging performance. Where written
literature provides us with a tradition of texts, oral literature offers a tradition of
performances.
6. According to the passage, why did the first people who came to North America
leave their homeland?
a. They were hoping to find a better climate.
b. They were seeking freedom.
c. They were following instructions given in a dream.
d. They were looking for food.

7. What is the main point of the second paragraph?

a. Oral narratives are a valid form of literature.
b. Public performance is essential to verbal art.
c. Native Americans have a strong oral tradition in art.
d. The production of literature provides employment for many artists.

8. According to the passage, what responsibility does the audience of a verbal art
performance have?
a. They provide financial support for performances.
b. They judge the quality of the content and presentation.
c. They participate in the performance by chanting responses.
d. They determine the length of the performance by requesting a continuation.

9. What can be inferred about the nature of the Native American literature
discussed in the passage?
a. It reflects historical and contemporary life in Asia.
b. Its main focus is on daily activities.
c. It is reshaped each time it is experienced.
d. It is based primarily on scientific knowledge.

10. What can be inferred from the passage about the difference between written
and oral literature?
a. Written literature reflects social values better than oral literature does.
b. Written literature involves less interaction between audience and creator during
the creative progress than oral literature does.
c. Written literature usually is not based on historical events, whereas oral
literature is.
d. Written literature is not as highly respected as oral literature is.
C. READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGES CAREFULLY AND CHOOSE THE
CORRECT ANSWER A, B, C, OR D TO EACH QUESTION.

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become
extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed
environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species’ death vary from
situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile
to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able
to adapt. Food Resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will
then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may
become better adapted to an Environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately,
in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of
Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species
became extinct at the same time – a mass extinction. One of the best-known
examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of
dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the
one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all
species died. Mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the
environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species.
If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the
oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affecting even organisms not
living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250
Million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic
extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets,
but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that
extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and
others may survive for no particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing
to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may
reflect a sequence of essentially random events.
11. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a
species’ survival?
a. It reflects the interrelationship of many species.
b. It may depend on chance events.
c. It does not vary greatly from species to species
d. It is associated with astronomical conditions.

12. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that …

a. extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth’s history.
b. extinctions on Earth have generally been massive.
c. there has been only one mass extinction in Earth’s history.
d. dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.

13. According to the passage, it is believed that the largest extinction of a species
occurred …
a. 26 million years ago.
b. 65 million years ago.
c. 225 million years ago.
d. 250 million years.

14. Why is the underlined word “plankton” mentioned?

a. To demonstrate the interdependence of different species.
b. To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction.
c. To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that
live in the ocean.
d. To point out that certain species could never become extinct.
15. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth’s
history?
a. They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.
b. They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
c. They have caused rapid change in the environment.
d. They are no longer in existence.