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This is an Appeal from a Judgment much too late for them to set up such a
and Decree of the High Court at Madras claim now.
affirming the decision of the District Judge
of South Arcot. The plea of res judicara is equally un-
* ,.<
tenable. The suit of 1828 was not a
rcpresentative suit binding property, or
Both Courts have decided against the even designed or framed for the purpose of
rPlaintiffs. It seems to their Lordships that binding for all
time the Tengalai commu-
the decision is perfeetly right. There is no nity, if there is any body that can be so
trace of any evidence tending to show that described, and if such a suit were compe-
;the.site of the village was at any time the tent. It was a suit against certain persons
'private property of the Vadagalais. The alleged to
be wrongdoers in their indivi-
village is an ordinary ryotwari village. The dual capacity.
streets are public streets now vested under
The result is that thc suit completely
Madras Act No. V of lB84 in the local
fails, and their Lordships may observe that
board. All members of the public have equal it does
not seem to involve such far-rea-
rights in them. If the Vadagalais had any
ching issues as were put forward in the
valid objection to the streets of the village
petition asking for special leave to appeal.
being vested in the Local Board, they had
the opportunity of raising the objection by Their Lordships will therefore humbly
appeal to the Governer-General in accor- advise His Majesty that the Appeal should
dance with the provisions of tbe Act. Even be dismissed. The Appellants will pay the
if they had had any such rights as they costs of the APPeal.
claim in the present suit at the time when ****
the Act of l8B4 came into force in the By courtesy of Late P. Rajam Iyengar's
"village of Tiruvendipuram, it would be Grandsons, Tiruvahendrapuram.
309
Srimathe Ramanujaya Namaha
Sarvadharman parityajya
Mamekam Caranam Vraja
Aham Tva Sarvapapepyo
Mokshayishyami Masucha
:
(Gita: Ch. l8:66)
Bhishma parva of the great Epic directions, sacrifices of
Mahabaratham enjoys immense populurity the great saints/
Alwars and other seers are purely
and authority in tndia. It is reckoned for the
as universal good and purification
one of the five Jewels: pancharatnani of ultimate happiness for mankind."i'_"J*o
literature. In plain language it unfolds a
philosophical system which remains
to this Music in India is being treated as an
day the prevailing Brahmanic belief, blen- offering to God. Milton in his great
ding as it does the doctrines of Kapila, Epic
'Paradise Lost' prays to God of Music for
Patanl'ali and the Vedas. (Sir Ejwin his triumph in writing and completing
Arnold). his
great Epic. Sri Thyagayyas,s utteiancc
Bhakthi is not mere emotionalism 'Nithi sala Sukama-Ramuni Sannidhi Seva
but
includes training of the will as well Sukama', brings forth the value of
as the divine
intellect, It is knowledge of God as well music. Nalayira Divya prabandham set to
as obediencc to IIis wil. The influence music is really invigorating and also
of ench-
this Bhakti cult and the directioos anting and keeps the singer in highest
rea-
of our Great Alwars and Acharyas
lms oi ecstasy and the scintillating
effects
can not be so easily analysed. of pasurams full of rythmic tunes and
In the
rhyming words are the offerings ,o
also
words of SwamiVivekananda .,this influence Coa
is like the gentle dew that falls unseen and one could feel such pleasure in
and atten-
unheard and yet brings into blossom, ding the prabandha Goshti, reciting the
the
fairest of Roses; it has been the contribu- hymns in Temples.
tion of India to the thought of the world. Mind is endowed rvith creative power.
Silent, unpercived, yet Ominpotent in its Just as objects are created by the mind in
effect, it has revolutionised the thought of the dream, so also everything is created
the world". The message of Sri Ramanuja by
js not merely for particular the mind in the waking state also. Expan_
a sect, clan or sion of the mind is Sankalpa. Time and
some division in society. The messages, space are mental creations only. Mind is
310
the cause of bondage and liberation. One vites themselves. Luckity for the Veda -
should have absolute control over his mind. Adhyapaka Goshti, Triplicane, the time.
This sort of mind-conquest was achieved honoured and most respected forms of
in great measure for the beuefit of man- worship and the regulation in the recitals to
kind by the great Alwars-more particularly be observed bequeathed by the literary
Sri Nammalwar,whose protrouncements in giants among Sri Vaishnava Adhyapakas of
his pasurams are the great gift to mankind the past are still preserved by the present
for its salvation. The compendium of these Voda-Adbyapaka Goshti. I understand
hymns is the riohest gift to mankind and from this Adhyapaka Goshti that the
it is Nalayira Divya Prabhandham. The
formation of this congregation was also
essence of Nalayira Divya prabandham challenged in the past and its rights/
is this. It stresses the effect of surrender
privileges and its unique representation in
or Caranagathi mahatvam, Such hymns of
the Goshti also had to be fought out in
Alwars in praise of the Lord of the
some suits. I had the privilege of perusing
Universe are recited by Srivaishnavas in
their tbe judgments pronounced by the Hon'ble
congregation called Adhyapaka
Goshti in all the Vaishanvite temples. t Courts in the Civil suits No. 349 of l9Z3
am a septuagenerian and at this agc I am and,527 of 1924. The former suit was
pleased to recollect the pleasant occasions filed by Sri Anna Rangachariar and others
in the Goshti in Sri Palthasarathyswamy against the Trustees of Sri Farthasarathy-
Temple and it is no exaggeration to state swamy Temple and the latter was in regard
that the Adyapaka - Goshti in Triplicane is to an Application No. 2986 of t972. With
an ancient one and several golden leaves out delineating into the various aspects of
in the history of this Adhyapaka Goshti, the suit and the Judgments, onething is
could be cited. clear to me. It is a pity that such an
ancient and Divine service of the Veda-
Adhyapaka Goshti, Triplicane had to
In this reminiscent mood, I feel elated assert its rights and other privileges in civil
and honoured to have been beckoned suits and seek legal remedies.
to write this article ,Divine Service, for the
Special Number to be released by the There is also a reference to the Tripli-
TriplicaneVeda-Adhyapaka Goshri. This cane Thengalai Sri Vaishnava Brahmins
Divine Music revealed in the Prabandham is Sabha, formed in 1968, with reference to
recited daily in the Temple by this Goshti the application No. 2986 of 1972 in Suit
and it is appropriately called Divine No. 527 of 1924. The privilege of rightful
Service. In the present set-up of society, authority to include members in the Goshti
such Goshtis are not well recognised and also has been questioned. While the
given its honoured place in their rights and former suit wanted to preserve the rights
privileges during the daily rituals in the and other functions of the Goshti, without
Temples. I may be pardoned if I were to interference by the Trustees, the latter seeks
say that this sort of decline in the import- confirmation and proper observance ofthe
ance of this Goshti is more due to the lack orders of the Hon'ble Court in Suit No.
of unity and tolerance among the Vaishna. 349 of 1923, Thus, the hurdle put by the
311
New Brahmins Sabha questioning the rights bavan of the Goshti, Sriman U. V. Desur-
of the Adhyapaka Goshti in regard to the Srinivasa Varadachariar, who has reached,
inclusion of Adhyapakas in the Congrega- the lotus feet of the Acharya. After his
tion is much regretted. Against all these retirement from A, G's office he had dedi-
odds, it is gratifying to note that this Veda- cated his retired life to this Divine service
Adhyapaka Goshti, Triplicane has succeed' in the Triplicane Temple. Not a day would
ed in clearing all obstacles establishing its pass without his presence in the Goshti.
rightful place and continues its Divine Another Swamy Sri U. V. Pelappur Srirama
service in Sri Parthasarathyswamy Temple. Iyengar also was regular in his attendance
The status, the rights and other privileges in the Goshti. He was at this Divine Ser-
of the Adhyapaka Goshti have been fully vice till his last moment. These Swamigals
recognised now and protected legally in the of the past were the polestar for the present
suits cited. Thanks are due to the present
Goshti and the members of the present.
Adhyapaka Goshti in Triplicane Temple congregation riohly deserve their honoured
which is doing meritorious service to the place in the Temple. Unilied efforts and
Vaishnavite community. unstinted support should be offered by all
Sri Vaishnavites to preserve the sanctity
This Adhyapaka Goshti adorned in and glory of the Goshti so that it may
the past by literary giants like Messrs serve as a model of excellence to be
V.M. Gopalakrishnamachariar, A.V. Nara- emulated by the younger generation to
simhachariar, Sadhu Ramanujachariar, follow the right path of Truth, morality
V. A. Gopalaiyangar, T. A. Rangachariar,
and sanctity and uphold the Glorification'
T.A. Varadachariar, Purasai Gopalachariar
to mention some of the important Swamigals
of this Divine Service for all times to come.
and in the recent past by K.Y. Anantachar- This is my humble prayer to the Lord of
iar (popularly known as Kavalkazhani the Universe-Sri Parthasarathyswamy and
Swamy) is still maintaing the glorious also my request to all the Vaishnavites' To
raditions in Divine Service chalked out by enjoy the pleasure of the Goshti reciting
such important Swamigals. The present the pasurams, one should attend the Goshti
Goshti has amongst learned Adhypakas atleast on important days / festivals and it
Messrs. l. Ananderi Kandadai Srinivasa- could be well realised than described in
chariar, 2. Kovalai Ramanujachariar, 3. this article.
Kandur Krishnamachariar, 4. T. S. Raja'
gopala Iyengar, and 5. C. Parthasarathy In fioe I am thankful to the Secretary
Iyengar and also other notable Swamigals. Sri C. Parthasarathy lyengar for giving me
an opportunity to express my sincere opinion
Special mention is indeed necessary about the importance of the Divine Service
and would be'failing in my duty, if I do
I in this ancient Temple hallowed by the
not pay my respects to the illustrious Jam' hymns of the Alwars.
312
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Joh
Tiruvallikkeni Kandene
M. N. ParthasarathY, M. A., Madras.
Tiru-Alli-Keni means the beautiful lily first suburban village acquired by the Bri-
pond. The pond opposite to Sri Partha' tish round about 1650 A.D.
sarathy Swami Temple is referred to as
The management of the temple was.
Kairavini in Sanskrit meaning the lily pond
about that time, in the hands of one Ber
and the place around the tank acquired the
Thimmappa, the son of Pedda Venkatadri
name of Tiruvallikkeni. This name had
who was among the chief merchants of the
continued for at least over a thousand and
East India Company. From 1676, onwards
five hundred years when the Englishman
the management was placed in the hands
came and corrupted it to Triplicane,
of a Committee.
Thanks to the State Government its origi-
nal name has been restored rqcently.
Lord Pigot, Governor of Madras
(1776) in whose time there was a dispute
Tiruvallikkeni is right in the heart of
between the Thenkalai and the Vadakalai
the City of Madras, on the eastern coa$t,
sects of Srivaishnavas regarding recitals in
about a mile south of Fort St. George and
the temple, permitted the latter also to
about a mile north of San Thome. At one
recite their prayers utilising the assistance
time this place was reckoned the intellect-
of the town major and the Company's
ual nerve - centre of South India. sepoys to enforce their rights. In 1780,
this order was set aside in favour of exclu-
The legendary name of Tiruvallikkeni, sivo recital ofTenkalai prayers by the
is Brindaranya a forest of basil leaves with provisional Govcrnor, John Whitehall. In
which Vishnu is worshipped and garlanded. I790, the Vadakalais again petitioned the
In the ancient temple here, there ate at Company inviting attention to the orders
present shrines for five deities and a god' of the Govetnment of Saunders 11754)
dess all of whom were worshipped at one and Pigot (1776), but the exclusive right
time or another by sages like Bhrgu, Atri, of the Thenkalais appears to have been
Madhuman etc., according to the Iocal established about that time acoording to
legend (Sthala Purana). ancient usage.
temple, an inscription
There is in the
the Pallava King who Triplicane and Sri Parthasarathy
ofDantivarman,
ruledbetweenT79 and 830 A.D. The in- Swami temple have figured prominently
scription refers to the redemption of temple and frequently in the battles which were
lands. fought between the English, the Dutch, the
French and the Muslims. In the siege of
Triplicane was originally a hamlet, a Santhome by the French in 1672, the Mus-
srotriam village, at the time of the English lims occupied the templc and later they
settlement. It appears to have been the were dislodged by the French who establi-
* Extract of Sri Ramanuja Vani-April l97B
313
40
shed their garrison within the temple. In that is now prescribed to persons who
1673, Dutch ships landed on the Triplicane depose or even assume office,
beach and supported by the Moorish
cavalry. moved into the temple and shots There are some t-eatures about Tiriru-
were fired from there. Later, the Nawab's valikkeni which are quite unique among
'troops occupied Triplicane until it eventu- the Vaishnavite shrines in India. CnE
.ally passedinto the hands of the British. of the earliest of the Azhvars, Peyazhvar'
ftis curious that, of all places of religious has sung a verse on the deity enshrined in
worship around MaCras, this temple alone this place. His corrtemporary and also
should have been the scene of battles disciple, Thirumazhisai Azhvar has also
'fought in those days. Perhaps this was sung a verse. Their age is about 4-5th
due to the fact that the presiding deity was century A.D. The last of the Azhvars,
Sri Parthasarathy, who as the charioteer Tirumangai Azhvar has sung ten stanzas
of Arjuna in the battlefleld of Kuruksetra on the deities enshrined in the temple at
delivered His divine message, the Tiruvallikkeni. In fact, every one of the
Bhagavadgita, which embodies within it a nine out of the ten stanzas ends with the
,code of conduct of universal application to words 'Tiruvallikeni Kandene (I saw
-
Thiruvallikkeni) The age of this Azhvar is
mankind in general.
about 7-Bth century A.D. - gap of about
The temple and the tank were treated 350 years between the first and the last of
with great sanctity and reverence always, the Azhvars. Peyazhvar says that the deity
An interesting incident is recorded. One at Tiruvallikkeni has acquired greatness on
Sunkurama, an influential merchant of the account of His having on His chest the
East India Company appeared in a dispute damsel without oomparison. who is on the
against another merchant Mahadeva, who lotus (Lakshmi).'Oru Vallittamaraiyal
held lease of the village of Triplicane. In onriya sirmarban'. The deity under refer-
the enquiry relating to the dispute by the ence is inferred to be Ranganatha as the
Council of the Company, the form of oath words 'Oru Vallittamaraiyal' are presumed
that Mahadeva was asked to take was that 1o refer to Vedavalli, the spouse of
he should bathe in the tank in Triplicane Ranganatha. Tirumazhisai Azhvar, how-
,and with a garland around his neck he had ever, is more specific in his description: he
to go to the temple and swear that Sunku- speaks of the deity lying on the couch of
rama obliged him to pay a large sum. And the flve hooded - serpent -'aindalaivai
in confrrmation of all this he had to put nagattanai':
out the lamps according to custom. The
thought occurs that the oath to beprescrib- Thirumangai sings in praise of all the
ed to witnesses must be something which deities in Tiruvallikkeni-\renkatakrsna as
would make them really feel that they are Parthasarathi, the charioteer of Arjuna in
taking the oath on something which they the first six stanzas, Rama in the seventh,
hold really sacred. Swearing in the witness Narasimha in the eigth and Gajendra Vara-
'box with an easy conscience and tendering da in the ninth. The tenth stanza is the
prejured evidence so easily are to a certain phala-sruti in which the Azhvar assures
extent due to the ineffectiveness of the oath paramapada (supreme heaven) to all those
314
who regularly chant these verses. It is that since the time of the last of the Azh*
beiieved thar in the second stanza the vars, except tbe temple and tbe peerless
phrase,'yennai aludai appan', refers to women, all other attractive features of
Ranganatha as IIe is known as Man-natha Tiruvallikkeni appear to have disappeared.
in Sanskrit meaning 'My Lord'.
However, there is one claim for great-
Itis curious that the two earlier ness for Tlruvallikkeni in the post-azhvar
Azhvars had not mentioned those whom period. It is the traditional belief that
Tirumangai has mentioned, Could it be that Sri Ramanuja, the sage and philosopher of
the shrines for these four deities in the Bhutapuri (Sriperumbudur) rvas born to his
temple were additions after the time of the childless parents after they made a suppli-
earlier Azhvars ? Or could there have been cation to Sri Parthasarathy for a cbild.
two or more different temples, the deities
from all of which were housed in one
The temple of Tiruvallikkeni seems to
temple in between the time of Peyzhvar
and Tirumangai Azhvar ? Tirumangai
be the only one in India where inside a
single shrine there are mula-beras of
mentions one tennan tondaiyar kon, evi-
Krishna, Rukmini, Balarama, Satyaki,
dently a Pallava King. Is he the same
Fradyumra and Aniruddha, the entire
Tondaman to whom the Lord of the Seven
family of Krishna comprising his wife,
Hills is said to have lent His conch and brothers, son and grandson. And it also
discus, the absence of which led to the appears to be the one temple where there
claim that the deity was not Vishnu? are deities in the standing Posture (Venka-
takrishna and Rama), sitting posture
The description of Tiruvallikkeni by (Narasimha in Yogic pose), lying posture
all the three Azhvars is quite interesting. It (Ranganatha on Adisesa.Bhujanga sayana)
is always mentioned along with Mayilai and flying posture (Gajendra Varada on
(Mylapore) : .Mamayilai mavallikkeni, Garuda). Venkatakrishna is characterised
nanmayilai-Tiruvallikkeni, M adamamayilai by having two hands only, the right hand
Tiruvallikkeni. The place has been descri- holding pancajanya (conch) and the left
hand pointing to his feet in the boon
bed to be with groves, flower gardens, wells,
giving pose (varada-mudra). This unusual
peacocks and cuckoos, the foliage being so
pose is believed to reveal Sri Krishna as
dense that the rays of the sun could not
Gitacarya, with the conch in his right hand
penetrate. The waves of the sea beating (Pancajanyam hrsikesah; Bhagavadgita-
on the beaches of Tiruvallikkeni cast up I-15) preaching the doctrine of absolute
pearls and coral which in the light of the surrender indicating by the other hand
evening sun shone like bright lamps. The His own feet as the end and the means
reference may be perhaps to the white Sarvadharman....masucha XVIII-66)
foam ofthe waves and bright red phospho
rescence in the sea. The place is further The shrine for Narasimha is an indepen-
described to be with mansions and ram- dent one with its own dwajasthambha
parts and peopled by women without (flagstafl') and the deity has the usual
comparison. It is a depressing thoughl annual festival (Brahma Utsava) It is
315
{are to have inside one temple two deities the twelve Azhvars and there are idols for
'each having a separate dwajasthambha Acaryas like Nathamuni, Yamuna, Rama-
and Brahmotsava. nuj a, Kuratt azhv an, Embar, Mudaliyandan,
Pillai Lokacarya, Vedana Desika and
Even though at present Venkata- Manavala Mamuni and also for Tirukkac-
krishna with Parthasarathy (the proces- chi Nambi.
.sional deity) is the principal deity, there is
no separate Nacciar (female deity) shrine It a place of such
is no wonder that
for his spouse. The principal Nacciar who runiqueness attracts pilgrims and visitors
has a separate shrine is Vedavalli, who is fromlall parts of the country throughout
the spouse of Ranganatha, who at present
the year. One more unique and renowned
is neglected and whose shrine till very
recently did not even have a vimana. Ranga-
characteristic of this temple is the Sak-
natha here is lying south to north facing karaippongal (Sweet rice pudding) offer
.east. This temple houses the idols of all to the deities.
Proprietor
Varadaram & Sons SAMBA PUBLISHTNG CO.,
Silk Saree Manufacturers
Educational Publishers
316
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Thanks :
All Advertisers.
All those who supplied old photos.
Sri R. Raman, Sri Padmanabhan and Sri R' K. Swamy of R. K.
Swamy -Advertising Associates Pvt. Ltd. for embellishing old
photographs.
C. Parthasarathy
Secretary
Triplicane Sri Parthasarathy Swamy Devasthana
Veda Adhyapaka Goshti.
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