DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS

&
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

III SEMESTER LAB MANUAL

(2022 Scheme)

C++ Basics

BEC358C

Prepared By:

Mr. Harisha G C, Assistant Professor, ECE

Mr. Chetan B V, Assistant Professor, ECE

Lab Instructor:
Mr. Rakesh, Technical Staff, ECE

Approved by
Dr. Praveen J
IQAC Director, Professor and Head, ECE
 C++ BASICS

Contents
SL. Page
Description
No No.
1 Vision and Mission of the Institute 1

2 Vision, Mission, PEOs & PSOs of the Department 2

3 Program Outcomes 3

4 Syllabus 5

5 CO-PO Mapping 7

Programs
To find largest, smallest & second largest of three numbers
6 8
using inline functions MAX & Min.
To calculate the volume of different geometric shapes like cube,
7 9
cylinder and sphere using function overloading concept.
Define a STUDENT class with USN, Name & Marks in 3 tests of
a subject. Declare an array of lO STUDENT objects. Using
8 appropriate functions, find the average of the two better marks 11
for each student. Print the USN, Name & the average marks of
all the students.
Write a C++ program to create a class called MATRIX using a
two-dimensional array of integers, by overloading the operator
== which checks the compatibility of two matrices to be added
9 and subtracted. Perform the addition and subtraction by 15
overloading the + and – operators respectively. Display the
results by overloading the operator <<. If (ml == m2) then m3 =
ml + m2 and m4 = ml – m2 else display error
Demonstrate simple inheritance concept by creating a base
class FATHER with data members: First Name, Surname, DOB
& bank Balance and creating a derived class SON, which
10 inherits: Surname & Bank Balance feature from base class but 18
provides its own feature: First Name & DOB. Create & initialize
Fl & Sl objects with appropriate constructors & display the
FATHER & SON details.
Write a C++ program to define class name FATHER & SON that
holds the income respectively. Calculate & display total income
11 20
of a family using Friend function.
 C++ BASICS

Write a C++ program to accept the student detail such as name

&3 different marks by get_data() method & display the name
12 & average of marks using display() method. Define a friend 22
function for calculating the average marks using the method
mark_avg()
Write a C++ program to explain virtual function
(Polymorphism) by creating a base class polygon which has
13 virtual function areas two classes rectangle & triangle derived 24
from polygon & they have area to calculate & return the area of
rectangle & triangle respectively.
Design, develop and execute a program in C++ based on the
following requirements: An EMPLOYEE class containing data
members & members functions: i) Data members: employee
number (an integer), Employee_ Name (a string of characters),
Basic_ Salary (in integer), All Allowances (an integer), Net Salary
14 26
(an integer). (ii) Member functions: To read the data of an
employee, to calculate Net_Salary& to print the values of all the
data members. (All Allowances
= l23% of Basic, Income Tax (IT) =3O% of gross salary (=basic_
Salary_All_Allowances_IT).
Write a C++ program with different class related to multiple
15 inheritance &demonstrate the use of different access specified 28
by means of members variables & members functions.
Write a C++ program to create three objects for a class named
count object with data members such as roll_no & Name.
16 Create a members function set_data ( ) for setting the data 30
values & display ( ) member function to display which object
has invoked it using this pointer
Write a C++ program to implement exception handling with
17 minimum 5 exceptions classes including two built in 32
exceptions.
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Vision and Mission of the Institute

Vision of the Institute

To develop technologically competent, humane and socially responsible engineers
and managers to meet the ever growing challenges of the Global Environment.

Mission of the Institute

• To provide quality technical and management education by applying best
practices in teaching, learning and with the state-of-the-art infrastructural
facilities.
• To mould engineers and managers with appropriate pedagogy to develop
leadership qualities and skills by imbibing professional ethics to make them
industry ready.
• To develop student-centric institution which evolves and fosters the talents of
budding engineers, managers and entrepreneurs and prepare them to make a
positive contribution to the society.
• To promote Research and Consultancy through collaboration with industries and
Government Organizations.

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Vision, Mission, PEOs & PSOs of the Department

Vision of the Department

To excel in creating technically competent and socially responsible Electronics &
Communication Engineers capable of contributing to the emerging technology.

Mission of the Department

M1: Imparting effective technical education to excel in Electronics &
Communication Engineering.
M2: Adapting appropriate pedagogy to imbibe professionalism in students.
M3: Inculcating Research culture and there by bridging the gap between Academia
and Industry.

Program Educational Objectives

PEO1: To deliver Engineering Skills and Knowledge by integrating basic
engineering concepts with core Electronics and Communication
Engineering to solve the problems of the society.
PEO2: To exhibit technical competency by developing solutions in diverse areas
of Electronics and Communication Engineering.
PEO3: To be receptive to emerging technologies and attain professional
competency through pursuing Research and life-long learning.

Program Specific Outcomes

PSO1: PSO1: Design, analyse and develop Analog and Digital Systems using
advanced hardware and software tools and technologies.
PSO2: Implement distinct models of Embedded systems, VLSI, Signal Processing
and Networking by various applications.

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Program Outcomes
Graduates of Electronics & Communication Engineering by the time of graduation
will demonstrate:

PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,

engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.

PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze

complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering

problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs
with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.

PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based

knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and
interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling
to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.

PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.

PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional

engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.

PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.

PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a

member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
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PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering

activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being
able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make
effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to
one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in
multidisciplinary environments.

PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and
ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of
technological change.

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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI

B.E: Electronics & Communication Engineering / B.E: Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
NEP, Outcome Based Education (OBE) and Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)
(Effective from the academic year 2021 – 22)
IV Semester

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Course objectives:
• Understand object-oriented programming concepts, and apply them in solving problems.
• To create, debug and run simple C++ programs.
• Introduce the concepts of functions, friend functions, inheritance, polymorphism and
function overloading.
• Introduce the concepts of exception handling and multithreading.

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, student will be able to
CO’S STATEMENTS

C208.1 Write C++ program to solve simple and complex problems

Apply and implement major object-oriented concepts like message passing,
C208.2
function overloading,
C208.3 Operator overloading and inheritance to solve real-world problems.
Use major C++ features such as Templates for data type independent designs and
C208.4
File I/O to deal

CO-PO mapping
Program
Course
Program Outcomes Specific
Outcomes
Outcomes

CO’S PO-1 PO-2 PO-3 PO-4 PO-5 PO-6 PO-7 PO-8 PO-9 PO-10 PO-11 PO-12 PSO-1 PSO-2

C208.1 3 3 3 - 2 - - - 2 - - 2 - 2

C208.2 2 2 2 - 2 - - - 2 - - 2 - 2

C208.3 3 3 3 - 2 - - - 2 - - 2 - 2

C208.4 2 2 2 - 2 - - - 2 - - 2 - 2

Sum 10 10 10 - 8 - - - 8 - - 8 - 8
Average 2.5 2.5 2.5 - 2 - - - 2 - - 2 - 2

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3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

1. Write a C++ program to find largest, smallest & second largest of three numbers using inline
functions MAX & Min.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

// Inline function to find the maximum of two numbers

inline int MAX(int a, int b) {
return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

// Inline function to find the minimum of two numbers

inline int MIN(int a, int b) {
return (a < b) ? a : b;
}

int main()
{
int num1, num2, num3;

// Input three numbers

cout << "Enter three numbers: "<<endl;
cin >> num1 >> num2 >> num3;
int largest = MAX(MAX(num1, num2), num3);
int smallest = MIN(MIN(num1, num2), num3);
int secondLargest = num1 + num2 + num3 - largest - smallest;

// Output the results

cout << "Largest: " << largest << std::endl;
cout << "Smallest: " << smallest << std::endl;
cout << "Second Largest: " << secondLargest << std::endl;

return 0;
}
Theory: In this program, the MAX and MIN functions are defined as inline functions, which means that the
function body is substituted directly at the call site instead of being invoked as a separate function. This can
provide performance benefits for small functions like these.
The program prompts the user to enter three numbers and then uses the MAX and MIN functions to find
the largest and smallest numbers, respectively. The second largest number is calculated by subtracting
the largest and smallest numbers from the sum of all three numbers. Finally, the program outputs the
results.

OUTPUT:
Enter three numbers:
21 66 12
Largest: 66
Smallest: 12
Second Largest: 21

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

G M Institute of Technology,
Davangere

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3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

2. Write a C++ program to calculate the volume of different geometric shapes like cube, cylinder
and sphere using function overloading concept.

Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <math>
using namespace std;
const double PI = 3.14159;

// Function to calculate the volume of a cube

double volume(double side)
{
return side * side * side;
}

// Function to calculate the volume of a cylinder

double volume(double radius, double height)
{
return PI * radius * radius * height;
}

// Function to calculate the volume of a sphere

double volume (int rad)
{
return (4.0 / 3.0) * PI * pow(rad, 3);
}

int main()
{
int choice,rad;
double side, radius, height;

cout << "Select a shape to calculate the volume:\n";

cout << "1. Cube\n";
cout << "2. Cylinder\n";
cout << "3. Sphere\n";
cout << "Enter your choice (1-3): ";
cin >> choice;

switch (choice)
{
case 1:
cout << "Enter the side length of the cube: ";
cin >> side;
cout << "Volume of the cube: " << volume(side) << endl;
break;
case 2:
cout << "Enter the radius of the cylinder: ";
cin >> radius;
cout << "Enter the height of the cylinder: ";
cin >> height;
cout << "Volume of the cylinder: " << volume(radius, height) << endl;
break;

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

G M Institute of Technology,
Davangere

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3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

case 3:
cout << "Enter the radius of the sphere: ";
cin >> rad;
cout << "Volume of the cylinder: " << volume(rad) << endl;
break;
cout << "Invalid choice!" << endl;
}
return 0;
}

Theory: In this program, three functions named volume are defined with different parameters. Thefunction
names are the same, but the parameters differ, which is known as function overloading. This allows us to
use the same function name for different geometric shapes.
The program prompts the user to select a shape (cube, cylinder, or sphere) and then takes the nece ssary
inputs (side length, radius, and height) accordingly. It then calls the appropriate overloaded volume function
based on the user's choice and outputs the calculated volume.

OUTPUT:
Select a shape to calculate the volume:
1. Cube
2. Cylinder
3. Sphere
Enter your choice (1-3): 1
Enter the side length of the cube: 3
Volume of the cube: 27

Select a shape to calculate the volume:

1. Cube
2. Cylinder
3. Sphere
Enter your choice (1-3): 2
Enter the radius of the cylinder: 4
Enter the height of the cylinder: 6
Volume of the cylinder: 301.593

Select a shape to calculate the volume:

1. Cube
2. Cylinder
3. Sphere
Enter your choice (1-3): 3
Enter the radius of the sphere: 3
Volume of the sphere: 113.097

Select a shape to calculate the volume:

1. Cube
2. Cylinder
3. Sphere
Enter your choice (1-3): 4
Invalid choice!

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

G M Institute of Technology,
Davangere

10
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

3. Define a STUDENT class with USN, Name & Marks in 3 tests of a subject. Declare an array of lO
STUDENT objects. Using appropriate functions, find the average of the two better marks for each
student. Print the USN, Name & the average marks of all the students.

Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

const int NUM_STUDENTS = 10;

const int NUM_TESTS = 3;

class STUDENT {
private:
string usn;
string name;
int marks[NUM_TESTS];

public:
void setDetails(const string& usn, const string& name, const int marks[]) {
this->usn = usn;
this->name = name;
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_TESTS; i++) {
this->marks[i] = marks[i];
}
}

double calculateAverage() {
int max1 = 0;
int max2 = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < NUM_TESTS; i++) {

if (marks[i] > marks[max1]) {
max2 = max1;
max1 = i;
} else if (marks[i] > marks[max2]) {
max2 = i;
}
}

return (marks[max1] + marks[max2]) / 2.0;

}

void displayDetails() {
cout << "USN: " << usn <<endl;
cout << "Name: " << name << endl;
cout << "Average Marks: " << calculateAverage() << endl;
cout << endl;
}
};

int main() {

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3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

STUDENT students[NUM_STUDENTS];

string usn, name;

int marks[NUM_TESTS];

for (int i = 0; i < NUM_STUDENTS; i++) {

cout << "Enter details for Student " << i + 1 << ":" << endl;
cout << "USN: ";
cin >> usn;
cout << "Name: ";
cin >> name;
cout << "Marks for 3 tests: ";
for (int j = 0; j < NUM_TESTS; j++) {
cin >> marks[j];
}
students[i].setDetails(usn, name, marks);
cout << endl;
}

cout << "Details of all students:" << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < NUM_STUDENTS; i++) {
students[i].displayDetails();
}

return 0;
}

Theory: In this program, the STUDENT class has private member variables usn, name, and an array marks
to store the marks for each student. The class provides public member functions to set the details, calculate
the average of the two highest marks, and display the details of a student.

The program initializes an array of 10 STUDENT objects. It then prompts the user to enter the details for
each student, including the USN, name, and marks for 3 tests. The program calls the setDetails function to
set the details for each student. Finally, it displays the details (USN, name, and average marks) of all the
students using the displayDetails function.

OUTPUT:

Enter details for Student 1:

USN: 1BI21ET001
Name: GIRI
Marks for 3 tests: 11
12
13

Enter details for Student 2:

USN: 1BI21ET002
Name: GURU
Marks for 3 tests: 23
43
45

Enter details for Student 3:

USN: 1BI21ET003

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 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

Name: GANGA
Marks for 3 tests: 23
23
23

Enter details for Student 4:

USN: 1BI21ET004
Name: THUNGA
Marks for 3 tests: 12
13
14

Enter details for Student 5:

USN: 1BI21ET005
Name: RANGA
Marks for 3 tests: 24
24
23

Enter details for Student 6:

USN: 1BI21ET006
Name: LAKSHMI
Marks for 3 tests: 21
23
24

Enter details for Student 7:

USN: 1BI21ET007
Name: RASHMI
Marks for 3 tests: 21
23
24

Enter details for Student 8:

USN: 1BI21ET008
Name: MOHAMMAD
Marks for 3 tests: 12
23
44

Enter details for Student 9:

USN: 1BI21ET009
Name: JAMES
Marks for 3 tests: 23
24
22

Enter details for Student 10:

USN: 1BI21ET010
Name: ROJA
Marks for 3 tests: 11
21
23

Details of all students:

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

G M Institute of Technology,
Davangere

13
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

USN: 1BI21ET001
Name: GIRI
Average Marks: 12.5

USN: 1BI21ET002
Name: GURU
Average Marks: 44

USN: 1BI21ET003
Name: GANGA
Average Marks: 23

USN: 1BI21ET004
Name: THUNGA
Average Marks: 13.5

USN: 1BI21ET005
Name: RANGA
Average Marks: 24

USN: 1BI21ET006
Name: LAKSHMI
Average Marks: 23.5

USN: 1BI21ET007
Name: RASHMI
Average Marks: 23.5

USN: 1BI21ET008
Name: MOHAMMAD
Average Marks: 33.5

USN: 1BI21ET009
Name: JAMES
Average Marks: 23.5

USN: 1BI21ET010
Name: ROJA
Average Marks: 22

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G M Institute of Technology,
Davangere

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 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

4. Write a C++ program to create a class called MATRIX using a two-dimensional array of integers,
by overloading the operator == which checks the compatibility of two matrices to be added and
subtracted. Perform the addition and subtraction by overloading the + and – operators respectively.
Display the results by overloading the operator <<. If (ml == m2) then m3 = ml + m2 and m4 =
ml – m2 else display error

Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int MAX_ROWS = 3;

const int MAX_COLS = 3;

class MATRIX {
private:
int mat[MAX_ROWS][MAX_COLS];
int rows;
int cols;

public:
MATRIX(int rows, int cols) {
this->rows = rows;
this->cols = cols;
}

void inputMatrix() {
cout << "Enter the elements of the matrix:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
cin >> mat[i][j];
}
}
}

bool operator==(const MATRIX& other) {

return (rows == other.rows && cols == other.cols);
}

MATRIX operator+(const MATRIX& other) {

MATRIX result(rows, cols);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
result.mat[i][j] = mat[i][j] + other.mat[i][j];
}
}
return result;
}

MATRIX operator-(const MATRIX& other) {

MATRIX result(rows, cols);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {

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3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

result.mat[i][j] = mat[i][j] - other.mat[i][j];

}
}
return result;
}

friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const MATRIX& matrix);

};

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const MATRIX& matrix) {

for (int i = 0; i < matrix.rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < matrix.cols; j++) {
os << matrix.mat[i][j] << " ";
}
os << endl;
}
return os;
}

int main() {
MATRIX m1(MAX_ROWS, MAX_COLS);
MATRIX m2(MAX_ROWS, MAX_COLS);

cout << "Enter the elements of Matrix 1:" << endl;

m1.inputMatrix();

cout << "Enter the elements of Matrix 2:" << endl;

m2.inputMatrix();

if (m1 == m2) {
MATRIX m3 = m1 + m2;
MATRIX m4 = m1 - m2;

cout << "Matrix 1 + Matrix 2:" << endl;

cout << m3 << endl;

cout << "Matrix 1 - Matrix 2:" << endl;

cout << m4 << endl;
} else {
cout << "Error: Matrices are incompatible for addition and subtraction." <<
endl;
}

return 0;
}

Theory: This program creates two MATRIX objects, m1 and m2, with the specified number of rows and columns.
The user is prompted to enter the elements of each matrix using the inputMatrix() member function.
The program then checks if the matrices are compatible for addition and subtraction by overloading the
== operator. If they are compatible, it performs the addition and subtraction operations using the overloaded
+ and - operators, respectively.
The results are displayed using the overloaded << operator, which prints the matrix elements. If the
matrices are not compatible, an error message is displayed.

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Davangere

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3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

OUTPUT:
Enter the elements of Matrix 1:
Enter the elements of the matrix:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Enter the elements of Matrix 2:
Enter the elements of the matrix:
2 1 2
1 1 1
1 2 1
Matrix 1 + Matrix 2:
3 3 5
5 6 7
8 10 10

Matrix 1 - Matrix 2:
-1 1 1
3 4 5
6 6 8

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 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

5. Demonstrate simple inheritance concept by creating a base class FATHER with data members:
First Name, Surname, DOB & bank Balance and creating a derived class SON, which inherits:
Surname & Bank Balance feature from base class but provides its own feature: First Name &
DOB. Create & initialize Fl & Sl objects with appropriate constructors & display the FATHER
& SON details.

Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace
std;class FATHER {
protected:
string surname;
double
bankBalance;

public:
FATHER(const string& surname, double bankBalance) : surname(surname),
bankBalance(bankBalance) {}

void displayFatherDetails()
{
cout << "Father's Surname: " << surname << endl;
cout << "Father's Bank Balance: $" << bankBalance << endl;
}
};
class SON : public FATHER
{
private:
string
firstName;string
dob;

public:
SON(const string& firstName, const string& dob, const string& surname, double
bankBalance)
: FATHER(surname, bankBalance), firstName(firstName), dob(dob) {}

void displaySonDetails()
{
cout << "Son's First Name: " << firstName << endl;cout << "Son's Date of Birth: " <<
dob << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
string fatherSurname, sonSurname, sonFirstName, sonDOB;
double fatherBankBalance, sonBankBalance;
cout << "Enter father's surname:
";cin >> fatherSurname;
cout << "Enter father's bank balance: $";

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3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

cin >> fatherBankBalance;

cout << "Enter son's first name: ";

cin >> sonFirstName;
cout << "Enter son's date of birth: ";
cin >> sonDOB;
cout << "Enter son's surname: ";
cin >> sonSurname;
cout << "Enter son's bank balance: $";
cin >> sonBankBalance;

FATHER F1(fatherSurname, fatherBankBalance);

SON S1(sonFirstName, sonDOB, sonSurname, sonBankBalance);

cout << "Father Details:" << endl;

F1.displayFatherDetails();
cout << endl;

cout << "Son Details:" << endl;

S1.displaySonDetails();

return 0;
}

Theory: In this program, the FATHER class is defined with data members for Surname and Bank Balance.
The SON class is derived from the FATHER class and adds data members for First Name and DOB. The
program creates objects F1 and S1 of the FATHER and SON classes, respectively, using appropriate
constructors.
The user is prompted to enter the details for the father (surname and bank balance) and the son (first name,
DOB, surname, and bank balance). The program then creates the objects F1 and S1 with the provided details.
Finally, the program displays the details of the father and son by calling the respective member functions
(displayFatherDetails() and displaySonDetails()).

OUTPUT:
Enter father's surname: raju
Enter father's bank balance: $2000
Enter son's first name: ganesh
Enter son's date of birth: 19-09-1982
Enter son's surname: raju
Enter son's bank balance: $250
Father Details:
Father's Surname: raju
Father's Bank Balance: $2000

Son Details:
Son's First Name: ganesh
Son's Date of Birth: 19-09-1982

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 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

6. Write a C++ program to define class name FATHER & SON that holds the income respectively.
Calculate & display total income of a family using Friend function.

Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class SON; // Forward declaration

class FATHER {
private:
double income;

public:
FATHER(double income) : income(income) {}

friend double calculateTotalIncome(const FATHER& father, const SON& son);

};

class SON {
private:
double income;

public:
SON(double income) : income(income) {}

friend double calculateTotalIncome(const FATHER& father, const SON& son);

};

double calculateTotalIncome(const FATHER& father, const SON& son) {

return father.income + son.income;
}

int main() {
double fatherIncome, sonIncome;

cout << "Enter father's income: Rs.";

cin >> fatherIncome;

cout << "Enter son's income: Rs.";

cin >> sonIncome;

FATHER father(fatherIncome);
SON son(sonIncome);

double totalIncome = calculateTotalIncome(father, son);

cout << "Total family income: Rs." << totalIncome << endl;

return 0;
}

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Davangere

20
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

Theory: In this program, the FATHER class is defined with a private member variable income. The SON
class is also defined with a private member variable income. The friend function calculateTotalIncome is
declared in both classes.
The calculateTotalIncome function takes references to the FATHER and SON objects as arguments and
calculates the total income by adding their respective incomes. It has access to the private members of both
classes since it is declared as a friend function in both classes.
In the main function, the user is prompted to enter the incomes of the father and son. Objects of the FATHER
and SON classes are then created with the provided incomes. The calculateTotalIncome function is called
with these objects to calculate the total family income. Finally, the total income is displayed to the user.*/

OUTPUT:
Enter father's income: Rs.250000
Enter son's income: Rs.280000
Total family income: Rs.530000

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

G M Institute of Technology,
Davangere

21
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

7. Write a C++ program to accept the student detail such as name &3 different marks by get_data()
method & display the name & average of marks using display() method. Define a friend function
for calculating the average marks using the method mark_avg()

Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Marks {
private:
int mark1;
int mark2;
int mark3;

public:
Marks(int mark1, int mark2, int mark3) : mark1(mark1), mark2(mark2), mark3(mark3)
{}

friend double mark_avg(const Marks& marks);

};

class Student {
private:
string name;
Marks marks;

public:
Student(const string& name, int mark1, int mark2, int mark3)
: name(name), marks(mark1, mark2, mark3) {}

void display() {
cout << "Student Name: " << name << endl;
cout << "Average Marks: " << mark_avg(marks) << endl;
}

friend double mark_avg(const Marks& marks);

};

double mark_avg(const Marks& marks) {

double average = (marks.mark1 + marks.mark2 + marks.mark3) / 3.0;
return average;
}

int main() {
string name;
int mark1, mark2, mark3;

cout << "Enter student name: ";

getline(cin >> ws, name);
cout << "Enter marks for three subjects: ";
cin >> mark1 >> mark2 >> mark3;

Student student(name, mark1, mark2, mark3);

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Davangere

22
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

student.display();

return 0;
}

Theory: In this program, there are two classes: Marks and Student. The Marks class holds the three
different marks, and the Student class holds the student's name and an object of the Marks class.
The Marks class has private member variables for three marks and a constructor to initialize them.
The Student class has private member variables for the student's name and an object of the Marks class.
It also has public member functions get_data() to accept the student's name and marks and display() to
display the name and average marks.
The friend function mark_avg() is defined in both classes. It takes a Student object as an argument and
calculates the average marks using the three marks stored in the Marks object of the Student object.
In the main() function, the user is prompted to enter the student's name and marks for three subjects.
The get_data() function is called to set the student's details. Finally, the display() function is called to
display the student's name and average marks using the mark_avg() friend function.

OUTPUT:
Enter student name: Harish
Enter marks for three subjects: 28
25
63
Student Name: Harish
Average Marks: 38.6667

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

G M Institute of Technology,
Davangere

23
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

8. Write a C++ program to explain virtual function (Polymorphism) by creating a base class polygon
which has virtual function areas two classes rectangle & triangle derived from polygon & they
have area to calculate & return the area of rectangle & triangle respectively.

Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Polygon {
public:
virtual double area() = 0; // Pure virtual function

virtual ~Polygon() {} // Virtual destructor for polymorphic behavior

};

class Rectangle : public Polygon {

private:
double length;
double width;

public:
Rectangle(double length, double width) : length(length), width(width) {}

double area() override {

return length * width;
}
};

class Triangle : public Polygon {

private:
double base;
double height;

public:
Triangle(double base, double height) : base(base), height(height) {}

double area() override {

return 0.5 * base * height;
}
};

int main() {
Polygon* shapes[2];

Rectangle rectangle(5.0, 3.0);

Triangle triangle(4.0, 6.0);

shapes[0] = &rectangle;
shapes[1] = &triangle;

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {

cout << "Shape " << i + 1 << " Area: " << shapes[i]->area() << endl;
}

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 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

return 0;
}

Theory: the Polygon class has a virtual area() function, making it a polymorphic base class. The Rectangle
and Triangle classes inherit from Polygon and override the area() function with their own
implementations.
In the main() function, an array of Polygon pointers shapes is created. Objects of Rectangle and Triangle
are instantiated, and their addresses are stored in the shapes array. This allows polymorphic behavior, where
the appropriate area() function is called based on the actual object type, even though the function is called
through a base class pointer.
The program then iterates through the shapes array and calls the area() function for each shape, displaying
the calculated areas.*/

OUTPUT:
Shape 1 Area: 15
Shape 2 Area: 12

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G M Institute of Technology,
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25
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

9. Design, develop and execute a program in C++ based on the following requirements: An EMPLOYEE
class containing data members & members functions: i) Data members: employee number (an
integer), Employee_ Name (a string of characters), Basic_ Salary (in integer), All Allowances (an
integer), Net Salary (an integer). (ii) Member functions: To read the data of an employee, to calculate
Net_Salary& to print the values of all the data members. (All Allowances
= l23% of Basic, Income Tax (IT) =3O% of gross salary (=basic_ Salary_All_Allowances_IT).

Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class EMPLOYEE {
private:
int employeeNumber;
string employeeName;
int basicSalary;
int allAllowances;
int grossSalary;
int incomeTax;
int netSalary;

public:
void readData() {
cout << "Details of an Employee "<<endl;
cout << "Enter employee number: ";
cin >> employeeNumber;
cout << "Enter employee name: ";
cin.ignore(); // Ignore any previous newline character
getline(cin, employeeName);
cout << "Enter basic salary: ";
cin >> basicSalary;
}

void calculateNetSalary() {
allAllowances = static_cast<int>(1.23 * basicSalary); // 123% of Basic Salary
grossSalary = basicSalary + allAllowances;
incomeTax = static_cast<int>(0.3 * grossSalary); // 30% of Gross Salary
netSalary = grossSalary - incomeTax;
}

void printData() {
cout << endl;
cout << "Salary Calculations of an Employee"<<endl;
cout << "Employee Number: " << employeeNumber << endl;
cout << "Employee Name: " << employeeName << endl;
cout << "Basic Salary: " << basicSalary << endl;
cout << "All Allowances: " << allAllowances << endl;
cout << "gross salary: " << grossSalary << endl;
cout << "Income Tax: " << incomeTax << endl;
cout << "Net Salary: " << netSalary << endl;
}
};

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Davangere

26
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

int main() {
EMPLOYEE emp;

emp.readData();
emp.calculateNetSalary();
emp.printData();

return 0;
}

Theory: In this program, the EMPLOYEE class is defined with private member variables employeeNumber,
employeeName, basicSalary, allAllowances, and netSalary. The class also contains three member functions:
readData() to read the employee data, calculateNetSalary() to calculate the netsalary based on the given
formulas, and printData() to display the values of all data members.
In the main() function, an object emp of the EMPLOYEE class is created. The readData() function is called to
input the employee details. The calculateNetSalary() function is then called to calculate the net salary based
on the given formulas. Finally, the printData() function is called to display all the employee data.

OUTPUT:
Details of an Employee
Enter employee number: 100
Enter employee name: Bhaskar
Enter basic salary: 23000

Salary Calculations of an Employee

Employee Number: 100
Employee Name: Bhaskar
Basic Salary: 23000
All Allowances: 28290
gross salary: 51290
Income Tax: 15387
Net Salary: 35903

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

G M Institute of Technology,
Davangere

27
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

lO. Write a C++ program with different class related to multiple inheritance &demonstrate the use
of different access specified by means of members variables & members functions.

Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base1 {
protected:
int protectedData1;

public:
Base1(int data) : protectedData1(data) {}

void printBase1() {
cout << "Base1::protectedData1 = " << protectedData1 << endl;
}
};

class Base2 {
protected:
int protectedData2;

public:
Base2(int data) : protectedData2(data) {}

void printBase2() {
cout << "Base2::protectedData2 = " << protectedData2 << endl;
}
};

class Derived : public Base1, protected Base2 {

private:
int privateData;

public:
Derived(int data1, int data2, int data3)
: Base1(data1), Base2(data2), privateData(data3) {}

void printDerived() {
printBase1(); // Accessing protected member of Base1
Base2::printBase2(); // Accessing protected member of Base2
cout << "Derived::privateData = " << privateData << endl;
}
};

int main() {
Derived derived(10, 20, 30);
derived.printDerived();

return 0;
}

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G M Institute of Technology,
Davangere

28
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

Theory: In this program, we have three classes: Base1, Base2, and Derived. The Derived class is derived
from both Base1 and Base2, demonstrating multiple inheritance.
Base1 has a protected member variable protectedData1 and a member function printBase1() to print its value.
Base2 has a protected member variable protectedData2 and a member function printBase2() to print its value.
Derived inherits both Base1 and Base2. It also has a private member variable privateData of its own. The
printDerived() function is defined in Derived to access and print the values of the member variables from all
the classes.
In the main() function, an object derived of the Derived class is created. The printDerived() function is then
called to demonstrate the use of different access specifiers and access the member variables and member
functions of the respective classes.
Note that protected members are accessible within the class itself and by derived classes, while private
members are only accessible within the class itself.

OUTPUT:
Base1::protectedData1 = 10
Base2::protectedData2 = 20
Derived::privateData = 30

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G M Institute of Technology,
Davangere

29
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

ll. Write a C++ program to create three objects for a class named count object with data members such
as roll_no & Name. Create a members function set_data ( ) for setting the data values & display ( )
member function to display which object has invoked it using this pointer

Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class CountObject {
private:
int roll_no;
string name;

public:
void set_data(int rollNo, const string& studentName) {
roll_no = rollNo;
name = studentName;
}

void display() {
cout << "Object with roll_no " << roll_no << " and name " << name << " invoked
display()" << endl;
cout << "This pointer value: " << this << endl;
}
};

int main() {
CountObject obj1, obj2, obj3;

obj1.set_data(1, "Alice");
obj2.set_data(2, "Bob");
obj3.set_data(3, "Charlie");

obj1.display();
obj2.display();
obj3.display();

return 0;
}

Theory: In this program, the CountObject class is defined with private member variables roll_no and name.
It has member functions set_data() to set the data values and display() to display which object invoked it
using the this pointer.
In the main() function, three objects obj1, obj2, and obj3 of the CountObject class are created. The set_data()
function is called on each object to set the roll number and name. Then, the display() function is called on
each object to demonstrate the use of the this pointer and display which object invoked it.
The program outputs the roll number, name, and the memory address of the object using the this pointer.

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30
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

OUTPUT:
Object with roll_no 1 and name Alice invoked display()
This pointer value: 0x7ffc5d2d1250
Object with roll_no 2 and name Bob invoked display()
This pointer value: 0x7ffc5d2d1280
Object with roll_no 3 and name Charlie invoked display()
This pointer value: 0x7ffc5d2d12b0

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G M Institute of Technology,
Davangere

31
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

l2. Write a C++ program to implement exception handling with minimum 5 exceptions classes
including two built in exceptions.

Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <exception>
#include <stdexcept>
using namespace std;
class CustomException1 : public exception {
public:
const char* what() const noexcept override {
return "Custom Exception 1";
}
};

class CustomException2 : public exception {

public:
const char* what() const noexcept override {
return "Custom Exception 2";
}
};

class CustomException3 : public exception {

public:
const char* what() const noexcept override {
return "Custom Exception 3";
}
};

int main() {
try {
int choice;
cout << "Enter an option between 1 and 5: ";
cin >> choice;

switch (choice) {
case 1:
throw CustomException1();
case 2:
throw CustomException2();
case 3:
throw CustomException3();
case 4:
throw logic_error("Logic Error Exception");
// Built-in exception class
case 5:
throw out_of_range("Out of Range Exception");
// Built-in exception class
default:
throw runtime_error("Unknown Exception"); // Built-in exception class
}
} catch (const CustomException1& e) {
cout << "Caught Custom Exception 1: " << e.what() << endl;

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32
 lOMoAR cPSD| 30134443

3rd Semester- C++ BASICS (BEC358C)

} catch (const CustomException2& e) {

cout << "Caught Custom Exception 2: " << e.what() << endl;
} catch (const CustomException3& e) {
cout << "Caught Custom Exception 3: " << e.what() << endl;
} catch (const exception& e) {
cout << "Caught Exception: " << e.what() << endl;
}

return 0;
}

Theory: In this program, we have five exception classes: CustomException1, CustomException2, and
CustomException3, which are custom exception classes derived from exception, and logic_error and
out_of_range, which are built-in exception classes.
The program prompts the user to enter an option between 1 and 5. Depending on the user's choice, it throws
different exceptions:
If the choice is 1, it throws a CustomException1. If
the choice is 2, it throws a CustomException2. If
the choice is 3, it throws a CustomException3.
If the choice is 4, it throws a logic_error exception with a custom message.
If the choice is 5, it throws a out_of_range exception with a custom message.
If the choice is any other number, it throws a runtime_error exception with a custom message.
The catch block catches the exceptions in the following order: first, the custom exceptions
(CustomException1, CustomException2, and CustomException3), and then the catch block for the base class
exception. It prints the appropriate error message based on the caught exception.
Feel free to modify the program as per your requirements or add more custom exception classes to showcase
different exceptional cases.

OUTPUT:
Enter an option between 1 and 5: 3
Caught Custom Exception 3: Custom Exception 3

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