Error Propagation fly Laem Absolute uncertainty, ‘+ Absolute uncertainty for a measured value A is expressed in the same units as A 25,00 cm’ is + 0.01 cm? ). = 20.036). es w/uncti wa fe ©. Absolute uncertainty fr pipette volume of 25.00 cm + Percentage uncertainty for a measured value A: Steluicunceriain 5 499% (expressed in percentage) 9, Percentage uncertainty for pipette volume of 25.00 cm? = 2" 5 100% = + 0.12% Percentage uncertainty a te |-1sk ert ts tor propagalon = added weverteintdy hee xorg S09 ed wet Ce ne nt et) Measurement with uncerainty | Absolute uncertainty | Percentage uncertainty 1 (20.00 + 0.05) om? feces 2 (27.20 + 0.10) em? fipatotens Bi toon: sox ert | 3] (23.456 0.001)g +0.0019 Bae OL H.9093h, 4 (64020.2)°C £o0.2t gon * U8, ‘Addition and Subtraction Rule Example When measured values aro added| ital temperature = 28.5°C (02°C), ones ieee eae ee a uncertainties are added uv Change intomporature= 14.2" feale ! i boa Absolute uncertainty= +9. 3°C wot. Change in temperature should be reported as BCE o.4ee),v 2 | When determining the mean of measured vaues, the uncertainty remains the same as given inthe measured va stinging bilo 4 a a "Tass of conper Mass 1: 1.1579 (20.002) Mass 2: 1.160 9 (#0 002g) | Mass 3: 1.158 90.0020) (uigagn nat UB) ‘Average mass = - 2 9g | Absolute uncertanty= + ° 90% 4 ‘Average mass should be reported as (sg 4 0.008) 5 ‘Multiplication and Division Rule Example When measured values are multiplied or divided, their ‘Mass = 5:333 9 (40.002 9) Volume = 14.1 om? (40.5 em?) {olave uncer are added ake calculations Ele bet 3 ED. osatig ne Pane et) 2 nvert absolute unceriints to = percentage uncetaintes ouncertintyin mass = ———', 100 = 095350" Percentage uncertainties have a punts Ansrr ee 28% | amy nyo = 22-5 0 = 358, fe "Add percentage uncotaintes es aap Fling Wyst | TSS 4 *-088SD = HA, 3.508 7, we ds Conver tial percentage uncotainty back o absolte See 548 uncertainty Pisehte Cee at ON OSE Absolute uncertainty MUST be eee Drosented inthe same dp as 0.015. 9 am absolute uncertain Round up absolute uncertainty | Density shouldbe presented as tun it SA pee 4 enst o.0149 es Tantei ye Same ip aS Mensa veled Fler plat)nana oF ’ |2 | When ameasied vate ismutipied | 22cm? (002) x3=636 on" (2008 em") | Fr divided by a constant, the | absolute ‘uncertainty is multiplied or | | | divided by that constant | |_| Percentage uncertainty remains | constant Exercise 1. Find the absolute uncertainties of the folowing: 2) Mutipication 2394029 by6) 7°" ray. Ws pays) Sg ty b) Subtraction of 64.20 9 + 0.08 g from 108.9902 (108.8 4 0.25) coFrO 4 104) e Mly 4 O35 )Mulipication of 2:30 mol den? 0.05 mol dm? by .05 dm? 0.0% dm? ee 5 wel da) eee et te Lileror ealcerded 1 snockolys 22 mriyey OD ate 2.94, feactenty 2 FM y 100 a sagt, faa‘, tadots Tpy Awe EST Wes yo t44, ( (WE s o.3 mot eo) CT eelpanned values alread MA Sun canstorc at AU _e. 2 a In a tiraton, 0, 150 # 0.3 cm’ sample of H:SO+ required 3645 * 0.05 cm’, of ear tit on compte neues. Wha se concerto of H;S0,, and lis absolute uncertainty? 2NgOH (aq) + H:S0« (aq) + NaySOs (aq) + 24:0 (1) fence 496 ye 81 - mK inNaOH = 264%» (0.147) uncertainty = mo WS8hy 100. 9 640)", 5h < arden 5.36 10% mot (Glew 33.8) oun J lip Serer SIT, 2S yur “ i003» (5.36 x 10°) seuncertainy= 450 2.000". = 2.68 x 10° mol ( Khow 3s) 5 aul ° soy = 285 sm uitatainy= 291% 6, = 0.179 mol dm? Absolute uncertainy= 2% y 0:18 rr 0.0050 4 imal deg? thet 7 [80] =_DAlSSre> + exhoses mol dm? ee 0.134 0. oot 'b The concentration of H:S0x stated on the bottle was 0.200 mol dm, Calculate the percentage error. Percentage error is a measure of how close the experimental value is to the literature vate. hor = ences x 100% o00-o1m e200 * ee ¥ Werniny gone fu tres 4 «Percontage nor greater than percentage uncertainty rer erture vai & ouside the experimental rango of values 1 error in measurement for the experiment is largely systematic error than percentage uncertainty «literature value is within the experimental range of values «error in measurement for the experiment is largely random error ———eor