The document discusses the legislative and executive branches of the Central Government of India. It describes the process for a bill to become law, requiring it to pass through 3 readings in both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. It also compares the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, noting differences in how members are elected and certain exclusive powers. Regarding the executive, it outlines the President's legislative powers, emergency powers, and the roles of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, including formulating legislation and aiding the President.
The document discusses the legislative and executive branches of the Central Government of India. It describes the process for a bill to become law, requiring it to pass through 3 readings in both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. It also compares the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, noting differences in how members are elected and certain exclusive powers. Regarding the executive, it outlines the President's legislative powers, emergency powers, and the roles of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, including formulating legislation and aiding the President.
The document discusses the legislative and executive branches of the Central Government of India. It describes the process for a bill to become law, requiring it to pass through 3 readings in both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. It also compares the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, noting differences in how members are elected and certain exclusive powers. Regarding the executive, it outlines the President's legislative powers, emergency powers, and the roles of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, including formulating legislation and aiding the President.
The document discusses the legislative and executive branches of the Central Government of India. It describes the process for a bill to become law, requiring it to pass through 3 readings in both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. It also compares the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, noting differences in how members are elected and certain exclusive powers. Regarding the executive, it outlines the President's legislative powers, emergency powers, and the roles of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, including formulating legislation and aiding the President.
15- The Central Government- The Legislature & Executive
LEGISLATURE OF INDIA
A BILL BECOMES A LAW [4]
The steps a bill must go through to become law are:
● Either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha introduce the bill. ● The bill undergoes three stages of reading or discussion and is put to a vote. ● The bill undergoes the same process when it goes to the other house. ●The bill is now awaiting approval from the president. The president can either pass the bill or veto it. If the president passes the bill, it becomes law. If he doesn’t pass, then he sends it back to the house of origin for reconsideration.
Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha: [4]
Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha
Election of Members of the Lok Sabha are Members of the Rajya Sabha are members directly elected by eligible voters. indirectly elected by the elected The country is divided into different members of the State Legislative constituencies and one member is Assemblies based on proportional elected to the Lok Sabha from each representation. constituency. Powers Powers that the Lok Sabha alone has: Powers that the Rajya Sabha alone has: Money bills can be introduced only in The Rajya Sabha alone can declare a the Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha alone subject on the state list to be of national can grant the money for running the interest, thereby allowing the administration of the country. The Parliament to make laws on that Council of Ministers is answerable subject. The Rajya Sabha can also create only to the Lok Sabha. by law one or more all-India services common to the union and the states. Executive of India
The legislative powers of the President of India: [3]
President must give his/her assent before a bill becomes law. President may withhold or return any bill sent by the Parliament. While the Parliament is not in session, the president has the authority to issue ordinances.
The Emergency Powers of the President of India: [3]
The president can declare an emergency if: A war or internal aggression that threatens the country. In case of a breakdown of Constitutional machinery. Financial instability threatens the country.
Functions/ Powers of the prime minister of India/ head of the Government of India: [3] Selects the Council of Ministers Distributes portfolios among the ministers and presides over the Cabinet meetings Decides the order of the business to be carried out. Coordinates the working of the different departments and is the vital link between the President and the Cabinet. Can expand the Cabinet and also demand the resignation of any minister.
Functions and powers of the Council of Ministers: [3]
Formulate concrete proposals for legislation. Aid and advise the president in his or her functions through the prime minister. The Council can amend the Constitution and impeach the President and court judges.
