FTP SMTP Dns
FTP SMTP Dns
FTP SMTP Dns
1
Mail access protocols DNS: Domain Name System
SMTP SMTP access Domain Name System:
user
user People: many identifiers:
agent protocol agent
❍ SSN, name, passport #
❒ distributed database
implemented in hierarchy of
sender’s mail receiver’s mail Internet hosts, routers: many name servers
server server
❍ IP address (32 bit) - ❒ application-layer protocol
❒ SMTP: delivery/storage to receiver’s server host, routers, name servers
used for addressing
❒ Mail access protocol: retrieval from server to communicate to resolve
datagrams
names (address/name
❍ POP: Post Office Protocol [RFC 1939] “name”, e.g.,
❍ translation)
• authorization (agent <-->server) and download ww.yahoo.com - used by ❍ note: core Internet
❍ IMAP: Internet Mail Access Protocol [RFC 1730] humans function, implemented as
• more features (more complex) Q: map between IP application-layer protocol
complexity at network’s
• manipulation of stored msgs on server addresses and name ? ❍
“edge”
❍ HTTP: Hotmail , Yahoo! Mail, etc. 2: Application Layer 7 2: Application Layer 8
server
e NASA Mt View, CA
f Internet Software C. Palo
Alto, CA (and 17 other locations)
2
TLD and Authoritative Servers Local Name Server
❒ Top-level domain (TLD) servers: responsible ❒ Does not strictly belong to hierarchy
for com, org, net, edu, etc, and all top-level
❒ Each ISP (residential ISP, company,
country domains uk, fr, ca, jp.
university) has one.
❍ Network solutions maintains servers for com TLD
❍ Also called “default name server”
❍ Educause for edu TLD
❒ Authoritative DNS servers: organization’s ❒ When a host makes a DNS query, query is
DNS servers, providing authoritative sent to its local DNS server
hostname to IP mappings for organization’s ❍ Acts as a proxy, forwards query into hierarchy.
servers (e.g., Web and mail).
❍ Can be maintained by organization or service
provider 2: Application Layer 13 2: Application Layer 14
2
recursive query:
❒ Host at cis.poly.edu 3 2 3
TLD DNS server
❒ puts burden of name
wants IP address 4
6
resolution on 7
for gaia.cs.umass.edu 5 TLD DNS server
contacted name
local DNS server server
dns.poly.edu
❒ heavy load? local DNS server
7 6 5 4
dns.poly.edu
1 8
iterated query: 1 8
authoritative DNS server
❒ contacted server
dns.cs.umass.edu authoritative DNS server
requesting host replies with name of dns.cs.umass.edu
cis.poly.edu server to contact requesting host
cis.poly.edu
gaia.cs.umass.edu ❒ “I don’t know this
name, but ask this gaia.cs.umass.edu