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    231 Lecture 8

    Uploaded by

    Rana Abdullah
    This document discusses chemical kinetics and enzyme kinetics. It defines kinetics as the study of reaction rates and mechanisms. It describes how reaction rates are measured by monitoring reactants and products over time. Reactions can be classified by molecularity (number of reactant particles) and order (dependence on reactant concentrations). Elementary reactions involve single reactant particles, while complex reactions consist of multiple elementary steps. Reaction orders include zero order (independent of reactants), first order (directly proportional to one reactant concentration) and second order (directly proportional to two reactant concentrations or the square of one). Enzyme kinetics similarly examines reaction rates and mechanisms to understand enzyme specificity, inhibition and kinetic mechanisms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    231 Lecture 8

    Uploaded by

    Rana Abdullah
    19 views11 pages
    This document discusses chemical kinetics and enzyme kinetics. It defines kinetics as the study of reaction rates and mechanisms. It describes how reaction rates are measured by monitoring reactants and products over time. Reactions can be classified by molecularity (number of reactant particles) and order (dependence on reactant concentrations). Elementary reactions involve single reactant particles, while complex reactions consist of multiple elementary steps. Reaction orders include zero order (independent of reactants), first order (directly proportional to one reactant concentration) and second order (directly proportional to two reactant concentrations or the square of one). Enzyme kinetics similarly examines reaction rates and mechanisms to understand enzyme specificity, inhibition and kinetic mechanisms.

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    231lecture8

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    This document discusses chemical kinetics and enzyme kinetics. It defines kinetics as the study of reaction rates and mechanisms. It describes how reaction rates are measured by monitoring reactants and products over time. Reactions can be classified by molecularity (number of reactant particles) and order (dependence on reactant concentrations). Elementary reactions involve single reactant particles, while complex reactions consist of multiple elementary steps. Reaction orders include zero order (independent of reactants), first order (directly proportional to one reactant concentration) and second order (directly proportional to two reactant concentrations or the square of one). Enzyme kinetics similarly examines reaction rates and mechanisms to understand enzyme specificity, inhibition and kinetic mechanisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views11 pages

    231 Lecture 8

    Uploaded by

    Rana Abdullah
    This document discusses chemical kinetics and enzyme kinetics. It defines kinetics as the study of reaction rates and mechanisms. It describes how reaction rates are measured by monitoring reactants and products over time. Reactions can be classified by molecularity (number of reactant particles) and order (dependence on reactant concentrations). Elementary reactions involve single reactant particles, while complex reactions consist of multiple elementary steps. Reaction orders include zero order (independent of reactants), first order (directly proportional to one reactant concentration) and second order (directly proportional to two reactant concentrations or the square of one). Enzyme kinetics similarly examines reaction rates and mechanisms to understand enzyme specificity, inhibition and kinetic mechanisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    ‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬

    Chemical Kinetics

    Bioc. 231

    1
    Chemical Kinetics
    • Kinetics is the study of the rates (velocities) at
    which chemical reactions occur.
    • A major purpose of such a study is to gain an
    understanding of a reaction mechanism, that is, a
    detailed description of the various steps in the
    reaction process and the sequence with which
    they occur.
    • Reaction Rates (reaction velocities): To measure
    a reaction rate we monitor the disappearance of
    reactants or appearance of products.
    2
    Chemical Kinetics
    § Chemical reactions may be classified on the
    basis of:
    • Number of molecules that must ultimately
    react to form the reaction products.
    • Reaction order.

    3
    Chemical Kinetics - Elementary
    Reaction
    • The molecularity of a reaction refers to the number
    of reactant particles involved in the reaction.
    • Types of elementary reactions are unimolecular,
    bimolecular, or termolecular.

    4
    Chemical Kinetics - Elementary
    Reaction
    • Elementary Reaction: enzyme kinetics based upon the
    elementary kinetics.

    Reactants→Products

    5
    Chemical Kinetics - Elementary
    Reaction
    • Non-Elementary Reaction (Complex Reaction): are sets of
    elementary reactions. That is to say, the addition of elementary
    steps produces complex, non-elementary reactions.
    Elementary
    Reaction 1
    Reactants→Intermediates→Products
    Elementary
    Reaction 2

    6
    Chemical Kinetics – Rate of Reactions
    § The order of a reaction can be determined by measuring [A] and [P]
    as a function of time, that is;
    v = rate = - d[A] = d[P] where
    dt dt
    • v is the rate or velocoity of the reaction at time t
    • [A] is the concentration of reactant A at time t
    • [P] is the concentration of product P at time t
    • -d[A] is the rate of decrease of reactant A
    dt
    • d[P] is the rate of increase of product P.
    dt
    § the rate always has units of mole L-1 sec-1 and the concentration
    always has units of mole L-1.
    7
    Chemical Kinetics – Rate of Reactions
    • Zero order reaction:
    v = - d[A] = k [A]0 = k
    dt
    where
    • k is the rate constant.
    • For a zero-order reaction, the rate of reaction is a
    constant. When the limiting reactant is completely
    consumed, the reaction suddenly stops.
    • Here is the rate is independent of the reaction of any
    reactants.
    8
    Chemical Kinetics – Rate of Reactions
    • First order reaction A → P:
    v = rate = - d[A] = d[P] = k [A]
    dt dt

    • k is the rate constant.


    • For a first-order reaction, the rate of reaction
    is directly proportional to the concentration of
    the single reactant.
    9
    Chemical Kinetics – Rate of Reactions
    • Second order reaction A+A → P or A + B → P:
    v = - d[A] 2 = k [A] 2 OR v = - d[A] = = - d[B] = k [A][B]
    dt dt dt
    • For a second-order reaction, the rate of reaction is directly
    proportional to the square of the concentration of one of the
    reactants.
    • The concentration of reactants approaches zero more slowly
    in a second-order, compared to that in a first order reaction.

    10
    Enzyme Kinetics
    § Enzyme Kinetics is a branch of chemical kinetics
    and, as such, shares much of the same formalism.
    § The aims of enzyme kinetics studies are to:
    • measure the rates of enzyme catalyzed
    reactions.
    • Examine enzyme specificity.
    • Identify selective and potent enzyme inhibitors
    • Determine the kinetic mechanism of an enzyme.

    11

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