Human Development

Workshop on the Design of the
National Human Development

Report on Energy Vulnerabilities
in the Kyrgyz Republic
Bishkek, 9 February 2023
What is human development?
NHDRs as national dialogue for policy change
9 February 2023, NHDR Design Workshop, Bishkek

Outline
• What is human development: key concepts
• How to measure human progress
• Key HDI patterns and trends in Kyrgyzstan
• National Human Development Reports
• Human development and energy access

Human development and capability approach
• Human development is about enhancing people’s

capabilities, enlarging their range of choices, expanding
their freedom and promoting human rights for all citizens.
• Human development is about the freedoms people can

enjoy: what they are free to choose and to be
• It is concept of development that goes beyond economic

growth and regards people’s lives as its central focus.
Related, intertwining concepts:
• A capability, at its most elementary and individual level, is “the freedom to
achieve valuable human “functionings”. Hence, capabilities are opportunities
that allow people the autonomy to do or be things and to achieve quality of life
• Resources are material or measurable metrics such as income
• Conversion factors shape the processes of transforming resources into

opportunities and capabilities into functionings, and may be differentiated into
personal, social and environmental conversion factors.
• Personal: disability for example
• Social conversion factor: structural constraints, such as policies, social or cultural norms, and legal rules
• Environmental conversion factors: physical features of the location or built environment
Human Development Index
• The HDI is a summary measure for assessing long-term
progress in three basic dimensions of human development: a
long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent
standard of living.
• Kyrgyzstan's HDI value for 2021 is 0.692— which put the

country in the Medium human development category—
positioning it at 118 out of 191 countries and territories.
HDI Dimensions and Indicators
NHDRs: policy dialogue
What is a Human Development Report?
• National human development reports (NHDRs) seek to promote human
development strategies that are owned not only by government but also
by civil society. In short, they promote national ownership of human
development.
• Human development has many dimensions. Understanding the concept

in its full complexity, identifying the barriers to it, and formulating policy
options for overcoming these obstacles and making progress towards
improved human development requires not only financial, political and
technical resources. It also requires intellectual investment.
• The flagship HDRs have been a major source for that investment at the
national level.
National ownership
• The NHDRs must be country based and country driven.
• They must focus on country realities and reflect well-
defined national perspectives on human development in
addressing priority national themes, emerging trends,
opportunities and challenges.
• They must promote national policy dialogue,
constructive expression of divergent views, and the
identification and analysis of development.
The basic objectives of NHDRs
1. Raising public awareness and triggering action on
critical human development concerns
2. Strengthening national statistical and analytic

capacity to assess and promote people-centred
development
3. Shaping policies and programmes by providing

options and broad recommendations based on
concrete analysis
Key factors for influence and impact:
• Improvement of human development-related statistics
• Increasing awareness of the human development

concept and related issues
• Expansion of policy dialogue
• Policy changes in a pro-human development direction

NHDR are most powerful and impactful when:
• They introduce a new way of thinking about an issue
• Provide new data and insights
• Make bold recommendations for equity and human

development
Examples…
New ideas:
• Human development vs Economic growth
• Human security vs National security
• Human impacts of water crisis / climate change vs. environmental issue
New data & Insights:

• HDI
• Covid led to first-ever decline in human development two years in a row
Bold recommendations:
• Human Security Council (HDR 1994)
• Mental health critical to human development (HDR 2021/2022)
• Establishment of a poverty monitoring unit (Armenia)
What is needed?
• An inclusive, open process for preparation
• Resources dedicated to research, data collection and analysis
• Public consultation and dialogue
• Commitment to innovation, exploration, and analytical rigor
• Systems to disseminate and embed their ideas and data

Human development and
energy: Covering new
terrain
HDI 2015 and Energy use (kg of oil equivalent
per capita) 2014
1,200
1,000
0,800
0,600
0,400
0,200
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
HDI 2015 and Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) 2014
Kyrgyzstan
Energy and capability approach
• Energy vulnerability seen as a ‘secondary capability’ towards being able
to lead a healthy life – through the ability to heat the home
• Enters as part of a ‘hierarchy of capabilities’ for vulnerable households

that need to be satisfied
• We suggest that analysing policies from the CA perspective deserves

further investigation as it allows for the consideration of:
• Structural and environmental conditions and
• Systems of provision as mechanisms for reducing inequalities
• Focus on the capability to ‘heat the home’ – due increasing evidence on

the detrimental links between cold homes and poor health and wellbeing
Does access to energy cause human development?
• Does energy cause human development or does higher human development lead to
more energy access?
• The results from Granger causality test confirms: access to electricity does not
necessarily lead to a HDI score
• While energy access is a necessary ingredient in the human development mix, access
alone may not guarantee and contribute towards human development goals
• Further, beyond household energy access, reliable energy access for institutions that
enable human development e.g. schools, hospitals and health centres may also be
prioritised
• Previous levels of higher HDI score may cause access to electricity because this
segment of population has already attained some basic levels of socio-economic
improvement that gives them access to the second order basic amenities like electricity
and cleaner cooking fuel
Effect of Energy Consumption on Human Development
• Analyzes effects of energy consumption on human development in Central

Africa over the period from 1990 to 2019. An econometric analysis using
panel data and particularly the Driscoll-Kraay technique has shown that in
EMCCA countries:
• Energy consumption is a factor that improves human development
• But renewable energy consumption has a marginal effect on human
development.
• These results imply, on the one hand, the improvement of energy levels
in key development sectors and rural areas and, on the other hand, the
development of the clean energy sector.
=> EMCCA has both a low level of energy consumption and a low level of
human development. Does it matter?
Session 1: Brainstorming
key concepts in energy and
human development
Narrowing the focus of the NHDR together
Discussing key concepts
Many potential concepts can help inform the focus of the
NHDR on energy and human development. These include:
• Energy poverty
• Energy vulnerability
• Energy transition
• Energy security
• Energy independence
• Energy efficiency
Discussing key concepts
In groups, please discuss to:
• Define the assigned concept. Develop a one sentence
definition
• Identify the key issues within it (and their relationships)
• What are key strategies to address these?
Timing:
• Discussion in groups (45 min)
• Presentation by group leaders (45 min), 5 min each
• Recap by facilitators (15 min)
Session 2: Energy & Human
Development: What is
known and not known?
Brainstorming inclusive research design and data
collection methods
Common HDR research methods
Primary Data
• Survey:
• Stand-alone vs Add-on
• Nationally representative or Group-focused
• Expert consultations
• Focus group discussions
Secondary Data
• Background papers
• Data Dashboard
• Creation of a new Composite Index
Working groups
In your groups, please discuss:
1. Who are the vulnerable groups / at risk to be left behind in
terms of energy?
2. How can you use each methodology to reach them?
Timing:
• Discussion in groups (30 min)
• Presentation by group leaders (30 min)
• Recap by facilitators (15 min)
Session 3: Brainstorming impact
opportunities - advocacy and
communications for the NHDR
Step 1: Identifying key stakeholders
• A stakeholder is either an individual, group or organization that’s

impacted by the outcome of the issues in the NHDR
• Stakeholders have an interest in the success of the NHDR
ideas
• Stakeholders are important because they can have a positive or
negative influence on the project with their decisions.
• There are also critical or key stakeholders, whose support is
needed for the project to exist.
Types of stakeholders
• Primary stakeholders: those ultimately most affected, either

positively or negatively by the issue area
• Secondary stakeholders: the "intermediaries," that is, persons
or organizations who are indirectly affected the issue area
• Tertiary stakeholders: those who will be impacted the least
• Other types of stakeholders:
• Key stakeholders: those with significant influence upon or
importance within the issue area; can also belong to the other
groups
Step 2: Mapping the power and influence
• Power is the level of authority a stakeholder has in the

issue area
• Interest is the level of involvement the stakeholder has

in the issue area
Power/Influence Matrix
What it means
• High power - High interest: these are the stakeholders are

decision makers and have the biggest impact on success
• High power - Low Interest: these are the stakeholder needed
to be kept in loop, these stakeholders need to be kept satisfied
even though they aren’t interested because they yield power
• Low power – High interest: keep these people adequately
informed, and talk to them to ensure that no major issues are
arising
• Low power - low interest: monitor these people, but do not
bore them with excessive communication
Working groups
• Stakeholder mapping exercise in groups (45 min)

• Presentation by group leaders and recap (30 min)
Closing remarks
Contacts:
Ekaterina Perfilyeva
ekaterina.perfilyeva@undp.org
Anna Arkhangelskaia
anna.arkhangelskaia@undp.org

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Workshop on the Design of the

National Human Development

9 February 2023, NHDR Design Workshop, Bishkek

• National Human Development Reports

• Human development and energy access

• Human development is about enhancing people’s

• Human development is about the freedoms people can

• It is concept of development that goes beyond economic

• Resources are material or measurable metrics such as income

• Conversion factors shape the processes of transforming resources into

• Kyrgyzstan's HDI value for 2021 is 0.692— which put the

• Human development has many dimensions. Understanding the concept

2. Strengthening national statistical and analytic

3. Shaping policies and programmes by providing

• Increasing awareness of the human development

• Expansion of policy dialogue

• Policy changes in a pro-human development direction

• They introduce a new way of thinking about an issue

• Provide new data and insights

• Make bold recommendations for equity and human

New data & Insights:

• Resources dedicated to research, data collection and analysis

• Public consultation and dialogue

• Commitment to innovation, exploration, and analytical rigor

• Systems to disseminate and embed their ideas and data

• Enters as part of a ‘hierarchy of capabilities’ for vulnerable households

• We suggest that analysing policies from the CA perspective deserves

• Focus on the capability to ‘heat the home’ – due increasing evidence on

• Analyzes effects of energy consumption on human development in Central

• A stakeholder is either an individual, group or organization that’s

• Primary stakeholders: those ultimately most affected, either

• Power is the level of authority a stakeholder has in the

• Interest is the level of involvement the stakeholder has

• High power - High interest: these are the stakeholders are

• Stakeholder mapping exercise in groups (45 min)

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