Direct & Reported Speech 3as

Direct and Reported speech:
eating too much fatty and sugary foods will cause

you cardiovascular diseases
nutrition specialist
 We can either use Direct or reported speech to say what the nutrition specialist said.
a. In direct speech, we quote the exact words that the speaker said. We put quotation
marks “…” around their words and add a reporting verb such as "say" or "ask" before or
after the quote.
 Example:
The nutrition specialist says …………………………………………………………………….......
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Or we say …………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Reported speech is another way of saying what someone said, but without quotation marks.
It doesn't usually repeat the words exactly as the speaker said them. It typically changes the
tense of the verbs, the pronouns and time/ place markers.
 Example:
The nutrition specialist says ……………………………………………………………………......
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The nutrition specialist said …………………………………………………………………….......
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Complete this note:
 If the reporting verb is in ……………………………… , the tense of the verb in the reported
statement…………………………..
 If the reporting verb is in ……………………………….. , the tense of the verb in the
reported statement………………………………….
A. Tense shift: (if the reporting verb is in the past simple)
Direct speech Reported speech
Present simple ………………….
Present continuous (am/ is/ are+ stem+ ing) ……………….
Present perfect (has/ have+ p.p) …………………..
Past simple ……………………
Past continuous (was/ were+ stem+ ing) …………………
Past perfect (had + p.p) …………………..
Future (will +stem) ……………….
Can ………………….
May ……………………..
Must ………………………
B. Demonstratives/ Time and Place adverbials shift:

This/ these ………………….
Here ……………….
Now …………………..
Today ……………………
Tomorrow …………………
Yesterday …………………..
Next week/ month/ year ……………….
Last week/ month/ year ………………….
 Reporting questions: (to report what someone else………, we use the reporting
verbs………………………………………………………………..)
a. Reporting “wh/ h” questions:
 Example:
a. “what are the consequences of losing ………………………………………….............
our energy balance?” she asked ………………………………………………….
………………………………………….............
b. “why do most people suffer from ………………………………………………….
Diabetes?” he asked ………………………………………………….
b. Reporting “yes / no” questions:

 Example:
a. “Are consumers aware of the dangers ………………………………………….............
of Junk Foods?” she asked ………………………………………………….
………………………………………….............
b. “Do you prefer eating Organic or ………………………………………………….
Conventional foods?” he asked ………………………………………………….
 Note: When we report questions the ……………… of the words…………………; we

don’t …………………subject with verb; we don’t use …………………………nor
…………………… ; we use ……./ ………………… in reporting auxiliary questions
 Reporting Requests and Orders:
a. Requests: (to ask someone to do something for you politely)
a. “could you show me the way to do it, ………………………………………….............
please?” she asked ………………………………………………….
b. “would you mind helping me, ………………………………………….............
please?” he reauested ………………………………………………….
 Note: When we report requests, we use the reporting verb……………… It must be

followed by ……………………… + ……………………
c. Orders:
a. “eat foods that are rich in calcium ………………………………………….............
and Fibre” she told me ………………………………………………….
b. “don’t eat foods that are high in fat ………………………………………….............
and sugar” he ordered me ………………………………………………….
 Note: When we report orders, we use the reporting verb……………/………………. It
must be followed by ………………………………………. +
…………………………………….
We report Negative orders by putting …… before the ………………………

Direct & Reported Speech 3as

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Direct & Reported Speech 3as

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Direct and Reported speech:

eating too much fatty and sugary foods will cause

B. Demonstratives/ Time and Place adverbials shift:

b. Reporting “yes / no” questions:

 Note: When we report questions the ……………… of the words…………………; we

 Note: When we report requests, we use the reporting verb……………… It must be

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