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Immutable String in Java - Javatpoint

The document discusses the immutability of String objects in Java. It explains that once a String object is created, its value cannot be changed. When operations like concatenation are performed, a new String object is created rather than modifying the original object. This helps ensure String objects are thread-safe and secure since their values cannot be accidentally altered by multiple threads or external code. The immutability of Strings also improves performance by allowing string pooling and efficient usage of memory.

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52 views

Immutable String in Java - Javatpoint

The document discusses the immutability of String objects in Java. It explains that once a String object is created, its value cannot be changed. When operations like concatenation are performed, a new String object is created rather than modifying the original object. This helps ensure String objects are thread-safe and secure since their values cannot be accidentally altered by multiple threads or external code. The immutability of Strings also improves performance by allowing string pooling and efficient usage of memory.

Uploaded by

naasirkhader44
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Home Java Programs OOPs

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Here Is What Full


Immutable Mouth Dental
String in Java
A String is an unavoidable type of variable
while writing any application program.
String references are used to store various
attributes like username, password, etc. In
Java, String objects are immutable.
Immutable simply means unmodifiable or
unchangeable.

Once String object is created its data or


state can't be changed but a new String
object is created.

Let's try to understand the concept of


immutability by the example given below:

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Testimmutablestring.java

class Testimmutablestring{

public static void main(String args[]){

String s="Sachin";

s.concat(" Tendulkar");//concat() method appen

System.out.println(s);//will print Sachin becaus

Test it Now

Output:

Sachin

Now it can be understood by the diagram


given below. Here Sachin is not changed
but a new object is created with Sachin
Tendulkar. That is why String is known as
immutable.

As you can see in the above figure that


two objects are created but s reference
variable still refers to "Sachin" not to
"Sachin Tendulkar".

But if we explicitly assign it to the


reference variable, it will refer to "Sachin
Tendulkar" object.

For example:

Testimmutablestring1.java

1. class Testimmutablestring1{

2. public static void main(String args[]){

3. String s="Sachin";

4. s=s.concat(" Tendulkar");

5. System.out.println(s);

6. }

7. }

Test it Now

Output:

Sachin Tendulkar

In such a case, s points to the "Sachin


Tendulkar". Please notice that still Sachin
object is not modified.

Why String objects are immutable in


Java?

As Java uses the concept of String literal.


Suppose there are 5 reference variables,
all refer to one object "Sachin". If one
reference variable changes the value of the
object, it will be affected by all the
reference variables. That is why String
objects are immutable in Java.

Following are some features of String


which makes String objects immutable.

1. ClassLoader:

A ClassLoader in Java uses a String object


as an argument. Consider, if the String
object is modifiable, the value might be
changed and the class that is supposed to
be loaded might be different.

To avoid this kind of misinterpretation,


String is immutable.

2. Thread Safe:

As the String object is immutable we don't


have to take care of the synchronization
that is required while sharing an object
across multiple threads.

3. Security:

As we have seen in class loading,


immutable String objects avoid further
errors by loading the correct class. This
leads to making the application program
more secure. Consider an example of
banking software. The username and
password cannot be modified by any
intruder because String objects are
immutable. This can make the application
program more secure.

4. Heap Space:

The immutability of String helps to


minimize the usage in the heap memory.
When we try to declare a new String
object, the JVM checks whether the value
already exists in the String pool or not. If
it exists, the same value is assigned to the
new object. This feature allows Java to use
the heap space efficiently.

Why String class is Final in Java?

The reason behind the String class being


final is because no one can override the
methods of the String class. So that it can
provide the same features to the new
String objects as well as to the old ones.

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