SYMPTUM QUESTION BANK

II MBBS
2023 Edition
33 years of
Question Papers
included with
short & crisp
titles, book
locations and
probable cases

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i
 Preface
Dear Second MBBS Students,

Congratulations on reaching this pivotal point in your academic journey! In recognition of

the importance of thorough preparation, we present this meticulously curated question
bank to support your exam readiness.

The questions are carefully gathered from an exhaustive analysis of past papers spanning
three decades. The years in which each question was asked are noted in the format (MM
YY). The Questions are segregated into Essays and Short Notes. They have also been
sorted based on the order of importance which is based on the number of times it has
been previously asked. So that you can prioritize certain topics during your learning
process.

To simplify things, we have included the book locations for each question, making it easier
for you to locate and study specific topics. The Default book locations given for each of
the subjects are from

- Essentials of Medical Pharmacology 8th Edition by KD Tripathi for Pharmacology,

- Robbins & Cotran, Pathologic Basis Of Diseases, South Asia Edition - 10th Edition by
Vinay Kumar, Abul K.Abbas, Jon C.Aster for Pathology and
- Essentials Of Medical Microbiology 4th Edition by Apurba S Sastry, Sandhya Bhat for
Microbiology.
Along with which some additional Book locations have been added from different books
along with codes, TV for Pharmacology For Medical Graduates by Tara V Shanbhag, Smita
Shenoy for Pharmacology, RD for Exam Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates by
Ramadas Nayak, Rakshatha Nayak, K Ramnarayan for Pathology and AP-3 for Medical
Microbiology 3rd Edition by Apurba S Sastry, Sandhya Bhat

By navigating through this question bank, you can self-assess, test your knowledge, and
familiarize yourself with the diverse clinical case scenarios likely to be encountered in
your exams.

Consider this question bank your ally on the journey to success. Your commitment,
coupled with thoughtful utilization of this resource, will undoubtedly propel you to triumph
in your 2nd MBBS Professional Exams.

ii
 How to Approach University Examinations
University exams are not something that you must fear, All heights are scalable
with proper prior planning and Consistent Execution.

Approach the Important questions strategically, These questions are just to guide
you to allocate more time for certain topics because of their exam-oriented
Importance. It is best one understands all the topics as this is fundamental to build
concepts in the future years of study, for answering MCQs in both university and
Entrance Exams.

Identify your strengths and weaknesses to allocate time effectively. Embrace a

systematic study plan, allowing room for comprehensive coverage and targeted
revision.

Active engagement is key – create flow charts, take down concise notes, and
participate in study groups to reinforce your comprehension. Allocate a daily hour
for revision, ensuring a continual grasp of learned material. Most importantly, be
kind to yourself; prioritize sleep and nourishment to sustain focus without burning
out.

All this preparation will be of little use if you do not present it properly in your exam
paper. Make sure to allocate enough time for all the questions. Avoid writing
paragraphs. Explain your content intuitively using flowcharts and diagrams. Use a
structured format with proper headings and subheadings. This will keep the
examiner engaged and fetch you more marks.

Even if you do not know the answer, do not hesitate to attend the question. You will
be awarded grace marks.

If you ever have further questions or need clarification about exams and studying,
it is a great idea to reach out to your seniors. They have been through these exams
before and can share valuable insights to help you out.

Best wishes for your exams!

iii
 Contributors
Several contributors have worked and put in their valuable efforts amidst their
busy schedules towards creating this Question bank. A huge thanks to all of them
for their valuable time they have invested into creating this question bank

- Agatheeswaran L - Nagarjune E

- Aisvarya G V - Nandhini A S

- Aseel Afrith - Nandhitha K

- Ashwin B - Naren Sathya

- Deepa - Nighil E

- Devika Sankar - Nityashre

- Dhanasekar - Ponn Vikashana

- Dharshini Bala - Poonthalir M A

- Gobinath A - Sanjay Siddharth

- Harsha R - Selva Muthulakshmi

- Jaishree - Shamitaa

- Jaivanth - Shanmuga Sundar

- Jeyanth S - Shrideavi Murugan

- Kabilanathan - Sneka P

- Keerthana Veeraphathiran - Sri Abinaya A

- Lavanya A I - Surya J

- P H Maryam Farhana - Vanmugilan

- Muthusubramanian L - Umashankar B

iv
 Table of Contents
Pharmacology 1
Paper 1 1
General Pharmacology 1
Autonomic Nervous System 4
Central Nervous System 6
Cardiovascular System 11
Respiratory System 15
Autacoids 17
Peripheral Nervous System 19

Paper 2 20
Hormones 20
Gastrointestinal System 22
Anti-Microbial Drugs 24
Neoplastic Drugs 30
Miscellaneous Drugs 32

Pathology 34
Paper 1 34
The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease 34
Cell Injury, Cell Death and Adaptations 34
Inflammation and Repair 36
Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolism and Shock 37
Genetic Disorders 39
Immunology 40
Neoplasia 41
Infectious Diseases 43
Environmental and Nutritional Disorders 43
Infancy and Diseases of Childhood 45
Red Blood Cells 46
White Blood Cells 48
Platelets 51

v
 Paper 2 52
Respiratory System 52
Heart 53
Blood Vessels 55
Gastrointestinal System 55
Liver, Gall bladder and Pancreas 58
Kidney 61
Male Genital Tract 63
Female Genital Tract 64
Breast 65
Endocrinology 67
Skin 68
Bones, Joints and Soft Tissue Tumors 69
Central Nervous System 70

Microbiology 71
Paper 1 71
General Microbiology 71
Immunology 75
Hospital Infection Control 78
Skin, Soft tissues and Musculoskeletal System Infections 79
Miscellaneous Bacteria and Microbial Zoonotic diseases 82

Paper 2 83
Bloodstream and Cardiovascular Infections 83
Respiratory Tract Infections 89
Gastrointestinal Infections 92
Hepatobiliary Infections 97
Genito-Urinary and Sexually Transmitted Infections 100
Central Nervous System Infections 102

vi
 Pharmacology

Paper 1

General Pharmacology

Essays

1. Biotransformation ** (Aug 14;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 28)

– Biotransformation Reactions, Phase I and Phase II reaction with

suitable examples, Importance of Enzyme Induction and Enzyme
Inhibition
– Microsomal Enzyme Induction and Inhibition with examples
Probable Cases:

– A 35 year old woman taking combined oral contraceptive pills. She

was a diagnosed as a case of tuberculosis and put on isoniazid,
rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol combination therapy for 2
months followed by isoniazid and rifampicin thrice weekly for 4
months. In the 3rd month of treatment, she failed to have withdrawal
bleeding during the gap period of contraceptive cycle. One week
later her urinary pregnancy test was found to be positive.
2. Factors Modifying Drug Action ** (Aug 15;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 73)

– Definition Drug and Dose, Various Factors Modifying a Drug's Actions,

Note about Pharmacogenetics
3. Routes of Drug Administration (Apr 01) (Pg.No: 9)

– Explanation of Each Route, Examples, Advantages, Disadvantages

Page: 1
Short Notes

1. Biological Half Life (or) Plasma Half Life ****** (Jul 23;Aug 18;Feb 17;Aug
05;Mar 02;Nov 95) (Pg.No: 39)
– Drugs with short half-life, Drugs with long and very short half life
2. Drug Tolerance (Tachyphylaxis) ****** (Feb 23;Feb 22;Aug 17;Feb 09;Mar
02;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 80)

3. Pharmacogenetics ****** (Feb 23;Sep 21;Aug 17;Feb 09;Feb 08;Apr 01)

(Pg.No: 75)

4. Pharmacovigilance ****** (Aug 22;Mar 22;Sep 21;Feb 18;Feb 16;Aug 13)

(Pg.No: 93)

5. Newer Drug Delivery System ***** (Feb 23;Feb 13;Feb 11;Feb 08;Nov 94)
(Pg.No: 42;TV4-Pg.No: 8)

6. Bioavailability **** (Feb 20;Aug 09;Aug 04;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 22)

7. First Pass Metabolism (Pre-Systemic Elimination) **** (Aug 16;Feb 07;Oct

98;Jan 93) (Pg.No: 34)

8. Drug Antagonism *** (Feb 12;Feb 05;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 67)

9. Sublingual Route of Drug Administration *** (Aug 11;Aug 08;Oct 97) (Pg.No:
12)

10. Teratogenicity *** (Aug 22;Feb 19;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 99)

11. Biotransformation ** (Aug 08;Apr 99) (Pg.No: 28)

12. Microsomal Enzyme Inducers ** (Feb 23;Feb 12) (Pg.No: 33)

13. Phase 2 Biotransformation Reactions with Suitable Examples ** (Mar

22;Feb 20) (Pg.No: 31)

14. Phase III Clinical Trial ** (Feb 22;Feb 19) (Pg.No: 91)

15. Post Marketing Surveillance During Newer Drug Development (Phase IV

Clinical Trial) ** (Feb 17;Nov 95) (Pg.No: 91)

16. Prolongation Of Drug Action ** (Jul 23;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 42)

17. Protein Binding of Drugs ** (Sep 21;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 25)

– Clinical significance with Examples

Page: 2
18. Therapeutic Index ** (Aug 07;Oct 96) (Pg.No: 65)

19. Transdermal Application Of Drugs ** (Feb 22;Oct 00) (Pg.No: 12)

20. Blood Brain Barrier (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 24)

21. Causality Assessment (Aug 22) (Pg.No: 93)

22. Drug Receptor (Oct 00) (Pg.No: 48)

23. Drug Responses in Elderly (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 74)

24. Drug Synergism (Feb 16) (Pg.No: 66)

25. Drugs in Anaphylactic Shock (Pg.No: 97)

26. Essential Drugs (Feb 12) (Pg.No: 6)

27. Fixed Dose Ratio Combination (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 72)

28. Iatrogenicity (Oct 00) (Pg.No: 101)

29. Intracellular Receptors (Nov 20) (Pg.No: 60)

30. Local Routes Of Drug Administration (Feb 10) (Pg.No: 10)

31. Orphan Drugs (Aug 18) (Pg.No: 7)

32. Parenteral Route of Drug Administration (Aug 19) (Pg.No: 13)

33. Pharmacokinetics (Pg.No: 15)

34. Phase 1 Biotransformation Reaction with Examples (Aug 06) (Pg.No: 29)

35. Physical Antagonism (Nov 20) (Pg.No: 67)

36. Prodrug (Aug 04) (Pg.No: 28)

37. Receptor Antagonism (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 68)

38. Rectal Route of Administration (Dec 23) (Pg.No: 12)

39. Specialized Active Transport Mechanism Across Biological Membrane

(Aug 13) (Pg.No: 18)

40. Zero Order Pharmacokinetics (Aug 19) (Pg.No: 38)

Page: 3
 Autonomic Nervous System

Essays

1. Beta-Blockers ******* (Feb 23;Aug 16;Feb 12;Feb 07;Aug 04;Mar 02;Oct 00)
(Pg.No: 157)

– Classification, Pharmacological Effects, Uses, Adverse Effects

– Drug receptor, Enumerate Beta Blockers, Adverse effects and
Contraindications of Non Cardio Selective Beta Blockers
– Mechanism of action of Proponalol, Pharmacological Action of
Proponalol, Therapeutic uses of Proponalol
– Therapeutic uses, Advantages of cardio Selective Beta Blockers
– Role of Beta Blockers in Thyrotoxicosis
2. Adrenaline ***** (Feb 13;Feb 11;Feb 09;Aug 05;Feb 05) (Pg.No: 136)

– Classification of Sympathomimetics, Cardiovascular Action,

Therapeutic Uses, Adverse Effects
– Mechanism of Action, Contraindications
3. Atropine ** (Aug 09;Aug 07) (Pg.No: 124)

– Classification of Anti-Cholinergic drugs, Therapeutic Action, Adverse

Effects, Contraindications, Managements of Atropine Poisoning
– Atropine Derivatives and Their Uses
4. Anti-Cholinersterases (Aug 13;Aug 11) (Pg.No: 116)

– Mechanism of Action, Indication of Reversible Anti-Cholinersterases,

Management of Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning
5. Muscarinic Receptor Blockers (Oct 00) (Pg.No: 124)

– Natural and Synthetic drugs, Action on Eye and Smooth Muscles with
Indications, Systemic Adverse Effects
6. Organo Phosphorus Compound poisoning (Feb 21) (Pg.No: 122)

– Antidote, Receptor antagonism with suitable diagrams, Cholinergic

crisis in Myasthenia Gravis

Page: 4
Short Notes

1. Beta-Blockers ****** (Aug 22;Sep 21;Aug 12;Aug 09;Feb 09;Aug 08;Mar

02;Jan 93) (Pg.No: 160)
– Therapeutic uses, Contraindications
– Indications , Contraindications, Extra-Cardiac Uses
– Adverse Effects
2. Anti-Glaucoma Drugs ***** (Aug 18;Aug 16;Aug 13;Feb 11;Feb 09) (Pg.No:
153)
3. Management of Organo Phosphorus Poisoning ***** (Feb 23;Dec 19;Feb
17;Feb 15;Aug 10;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 122)
– Cholinesterase Reactivators
4. Alpha Adrenergic Blockers **** (Aug 18;Aug 16;Feb 12;Aug 10;Feb 09;Oct 02)
(Pg.No: 153)
– Therapeutic Uses
5. Drugs for Glaucoma **** (Feb 10;Feb 05;Oct 02;Oct 96) (Pg.No: 165)
6. Timolol *** (Feb 18;Aug 09;Dec 90) (Pg.No: 167)
– Rationale for use in the treatment of Glaucoma
7. Atropine ** (Jul 23;Feb 14) (Pg.No: 124)
– Pharmacological action, Uses, Substitutes
8. Dopamine in Cardiogenic Shock ** (Feb 10;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 146)
9. Drugs used in Open Angle Glaucoma ** (Aug 22;Aug 19) (Pg.No: 166)
10. Therapeutic uses of Adrenergic Drugs ** (Mar 22;Feb 14) (Pg.No: 150)
11. Adrenaline (Aug 17) (Pg.No: 136)
12. Beta Stimulants (Nov 95) (Pg.No: 149)
13. Cholinergic Crisis (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 121)
14. Clonidine (Aug 12;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 611)
– Extravascular Uses
15. Labetalol (Feb 19) (Pg.No: 165)
– Uses , Adverse Effects
16. Proponalol (Aug 04) (Pg.No: 157)

17. Therapeutic Uses of Atropine (Aug 06) (Pg.No: 130)

18. Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 157)
– Preferred drugs, Rational in using them
19. Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis (Oct 03) (Pg.No: 120)

20. Uroselective Alpha Adrenergic Blockers (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 156)

Page: 5
 Central Nervous System

Essays

1. Anti-Epileptic Drugs ********** (Aug 22;Nov 20;Feb 18;Aug 14;Feb 12;Aug

10;Feb 10;Feb 08;Aug 04;Mar 02;Apr 01;Oct 00;Apr 98;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 438)

– Classify Anticonvulsant drugs

– Mechanism of Action, Pharmacological Action, Uses, Adverse effects
of Benzodiazepines
– Treatment of Febrile Seizures
– Pharmacology of Topiramate
– How will you manage a known epileptic patient with three months of
amenorrhea
– Pharmacology of drugs acting on GABA receptors
– Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects, Therapeutic Indications,
Interactions of Diphenyl Hydantoin, Phenytoin
– Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects of Drugs Used in Absence
Seizures
– Mechanism of Action, Pharmacological Action, Uses, Adverse Effects
of Valproate
– Management of Status Epilepticus
Probable Cases:

– A 25 year old lady is brought with complaints of recurrent episodes of

fits lasting for 2-3 minutes .She experience aura before each episode.
Description of fit by husband corresponds to generalized tonic clonic
seizure.
– A 8 year old boy was sent for neurological evaluation because of
episodes of apparent inattention. His mother gives history of
episodes of starring look which lasts for few seconds and he
immediately resumes his previous activity. Diagnosed with absence
seizures.
– A 45 year old male patient is brought to EM with c/o seizure episode
associated with loss of consciousness. He is known epileptic for past
2 years with h/o recurrent tonic clonic seizures.

Page: 6
2. Anti-Parkinsonism ***** (Mar 22;Aug 17;Aug 13;Feb 13;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 452)
– Classify Anti-Parkinsonism drugs
– Write about Dopaminergic Agonists
– Mechanism of Action, Pharmacological Action, Adverse Effects,
Interactions of Levodopa
– What is the Rationale for use of Carbidopa with Levodopa
– Write about Selegeline
Probable Cases:
– A 65 year old male on antipsychotics medication came with c/o
difficulty in walking, resting tremors and difficulty in swallowing.
3. Opioids **** (Jul 23;Feb 07;Apr 00;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 497)
– Enumerate drugs acting on opioid receptors
– Mechanism of Action, Pharmacological Action, Uses, Adverse Effects,
Contraindications of Morphine
– Clinical Features of Acute Morphine Poisoning and Treatment
– Classification of Opioid analgesics
– Opioid Antagonists
4. Sedatives and Hypnotics *** (Feb 16;Aug 11;Feb 05) (Pg.No: 424)
– Enumerate Various Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs
– Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects of Benzodiazepines
– Management of Acute Barbiturate Poisoning
– Write briefly about Flumazenil
– Write about Benzodiazepine overdose
5. Anti-Depressants ** (Feb 19;Aug 01) (Pg.No: 481)
– Classification of Anti-Depressants
– Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse effects of Selective Serotonin
Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
– Difference between Fluoxetine and Imipramine
6. Anti-Psychotic Drugs ** (Oct 03;Apr 99) (Pg.No: 463)
– Classification
– Mechanism of Action, Pharmacological Action, Preparations with
Doses, Uses, Adverse Effects, Interactions of Chlorpromazine
7. General Anaesthetics (Aug 04;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 400)
– Classification, Stages, Merits and demerits of Halothane and Ether as
an anaesthetic

Page: 7
Short Notes

1. Pre-Anaesthetic Medications ********** (Feb 23;Aug 22;Feb 18;Feb 14;Feb

12;Aug 10;Feb 10;Aug 09;Feb 08;Aug 05) (Pg.No: 413)

2. Treatment of Methanol Poisoning ******** (Aug 16;Aug 13;Aug 12;Aug 11;Aug

10;Aug 09;Feb 09;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 422)

– Rationale of using Ethanol

– Rationale of using Fomepizole (ADH inhibitor)
3. Atypical Anti-Psychotics Drugs ****** (Mar 22;Feb 20;Aug 15;Feb 12;Feb
09;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 468)

– Difference between typical and atypical Anti-Psychotics

4. Dissociative Anaesthesia ****** (Feb 22;Feb 19;Feb 18;Feb 10;Aug 04;Apr
00;Dec 90) (Pg.No: 411)

– Ketamine
5. Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) ****** (Aug 14;Feb 13;Feb
10;Aug 08;Feb 08;Aug 05) (Pg.No: 487)

6. Benzodiazepines ***** (Jul 23;Feb 20;Aug 12;Feb 09;Oct 98) (Pg.No: 427)

– Uses of Diazepam
– Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects
7. Ketamine ***** (Feb 22;Feb 19;Aug 04;Apr 00;Dec 90) (Pg.No: 411)

8. Status Epilepticus ***** (Aug 12;Feb 09;Feb 07;Oct 00;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 450)

9. Morphine **** (Jul 23;Feb 23;Feb 14;Feb 12) (Pg.No: 498)

– Mechanism of Action, Uses, Contraindications, Adverse Effects

10. Pentazocine **** (Feb 13;Aug 08;Oct 03;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 510)

11. Phenytoin Sodium **** (Feb 15;Feb 13;Feb 11;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 439)

– Mechanism of Action, Pharmacokinetics, Uses, Adverse Effects,

Interactions
12. Selective Dopamine Agonist in Parkinsonism **** (Aug 22;Feb 19;Aug
12;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 457)

13. Drug Therapy of Parkinsonism *** (Feb 15;Aug 09;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 452)

Page: 8
14. Levodopa *** (Sep 21;Aug 19;Oct 97) (Pg.No: 457)

– Rationale of using Carbidopa with Levodopa

15. Neurolept Analgesia *** (Feb 23;Aug 09;Nov 01)

16. Sodium Valproate *** (Feb 17;Feb 14;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 444)

17. Newer Anti-Epileptic Drugs ** (Feb 23;Sep 21) (Pg.No: 446)

18. Nitrous Oxide ** (Aug 19;Aug 91) (Pg.No: 405)

19. Opioid Antagonists ** (Nov 20;Feb 05) (Pg.No: 511)

20. Tramadol ** (Aug 18;Aug 16) (Pg.No: 504)

21. Treatment of Alzheimer's ** (Sep 21;Feb 12) (Pg.No: 517)

22. Advantages of Using Nitrous Oxide for General Anaesthesia (Aug 19)
(Pg.No: 405)

23. Anti-Anxiety Drugs (Aug 22) (Pg.No: 493)

24. Atypical Anti-Depressants (Feb 22) (Pg.No: 490)

– Mechanism of action, Uses

25. Balance Anaesthesia (Feb 10)

26. Carbamazepine (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 442)

– Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects, Interactions

– Drugs used in Trigeminal Neuralgia
27. Cheese Reaction (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 482)

28. Chlorpromazine (Oct 00) (Pg.No: 463)

29. Complications of General Anaesthesia (Feb 14) (Pg.No: 412)

30. Conscious Sedation (Feb 19) (Pg.No: 412)

31. Difference Between Buspirone and Benzodiazepine (Feb 20) (Pg.No: 495)

32. Drug Interactions in Alcoholic (Feb 20) (Pg.No: 419)

33. Drugs used in Smoking Cessation (Aug 22) (Pg.No: 492)

34. Ether (Apr 92) (Pg.No: 405)

Page: 9
35. Flumazenil (Jan 93) (Pg.No: 435)

36. Intravenous General Anaesthesia (Aug 08) (Pg.No: 408)

– Classification, Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects

37. Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotic (Aug 10) (Pg.No: 432)

38. Opioid Receptors (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 507)

39. Propofol (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 409)

40. Serotonin and Noradrenaline Re-uptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) (Aug 13)

(Pg.No: 489)

41. Serotonin Syndrome (Pg.No: 488)

42. Thiopentone Sodium (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 408)

43. Topiramate (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 447)

44. Treatment of Alcohol Dependence (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 421)

– Rationale of using Disulfiram

45. Treatment of Barbiturate Poisoning (Apr 96) (Pg.No: 427)

46. Tricyclic Anti-Depressants (TCA) (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 482)

47. Uses of Lithium in Psychiatry (Oct 03) (Pg.No: 474)

Page: 10
 Cardiovascular System

Essays

1. Anti-hypertensive drugs ********** (Feb 20;Aug 19;Feb 11;Aug 08;Aug

07;Aug 05;Oct 97;Apr 96;Nov 93;Dec 90) (Pg.No: 605)

– Mechanism of Action of Captopril, Pharmacological Action of

Captopril, Therapeutic Uses of Captopril, Adverse Effects of Captopril
– Mechanism of Action of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, Therapeutic
Uses of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, Hypertensive Emergencies,
Hypertensive Urgencies
– Classification of Anti-hypertensive Drugs, Therapeutic Uses of Beta
Blockers, Adverse Effects of Beta Blockers, Anti-hypertensive Avoided
in Pregnancy
– Classification of Anti-hypertensive Drugs, Management of
Hypertensive Emergency, Management of Hypertensive Urgency,
Anti-hypertensive Avoided in Pregnancy
2. Anti-anginal Drugs ***** (Feb 23;Aug 22;Feb 22;Feb 17;Feb 14) (Pg.No: 584)

– Classification of Anti-anginal Drugs, Mechanism of Action of Nitrates,

Uses of Nitrates, Adverse Effects of Nitrates
– Classification of Anti-anginal Drugs, Mechanism of Vascular Smooth
Muscle Relaxant Effect of Nitrates, Therapeutic Uses of Nitrates, About
Nicorandil
– Classification of Anti-anginal Drugs, Mechanism of Action of Glyceryl
Trinitrate, Adverse Effects of Glyceryl Trinitrate, Drug Therapy in
Myocardial Infarction
– Classification of Antianginal Drugs, Mechanism of Action of Glyceryl
Trinitrate, Therapeutic Uses of Glyceryl Trinitrate
– Classification of Anti-anginal Drugs, Mechanism of Action of Nitrates,
Uses of Nitrates, Adverse Effects of Nitrates

Page: 11
 3. Diuretics **** (Mar 22;Feb 14;Feb 09;Aug 06) (Pg.No: 625)

– Classification of Diuretics, Mechanism of Action of Furosemide,

Pharmacological Action of Furosemide, Therapeutic Uses of
Furosemide, Adverse Effects of Furosemide
– Classification of Diuretics, Mechanism of Action of Furosemide,
Therapeutic Uses of Furosemide, Complications of Furosemide
– Classification of Diuretics, Mechanism of Action of High Ceiling
Diuretics, Uses of High Ceiling Diuretics, Adverse Effects of High
Ceiling Diuretics, Rationality in Combining High Ceiling Diuretics with
ACE Inhibitors
4. Anti-arrhythmic Drugs ** (Aug 18;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 573)

– Classification of Anti-arrhythmic Drugs, Mechanism of Action of

Amiodarone, Pharmacokinetics of Amiodarone, Clinical Uses of
Amiodarone, Adverse Effects of Amiodarone
5. Myocardial Infarction (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 602)

– Drug Therapy in Myocardial Infarction, Classification of

Hypolipidemic Drugs, Mechanism of Action of Statins, Uses of Statins,
Adverse Effects of Statins

Short Notes

1. Heparin ********** (Mar 22;Nov 20;Aug 19;Feb 15;Aug 14;Aug 13;Feb 11;Aug
10;Aug 05;Aug 04;Apr 01;Apr 98;Jan 93) (Pg.No: 663)

– Heparin vs Warfarin
– Low Molecular Weight Heparin
2. Furosemide ******** (Nov 20;Aug 19;Feb 16;Aug 15;Feb 11;Nov 01;Apr 01;Oct
97) (Pg.No: 626)

3. High Ceiling Diuretics ******* (Feb 23;Aug 18;Feb 13;Aug 11;Aug 09;Aug
08;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 625)

4. Spironolactone ******* (Jul 23;Feb 20;Aug 18;Feb 18;Aug 15;Aug 12;Aug 08)
(Pg.No: 634)

5. Fibrinolytics ****** (Jul 23;Feb 23;Aug 22;Sep 21;Feb 07;Apr 99) (Pg.No: 673)

6. Thiazide Diuretics ****** (Aug 17;Feb 17;Aug 13;Aug 11;Aug 10;Oct 03) (Pg.No:
628)

Page: 12
7. Anti-platelet Drugs ***** (Jul 23;Feb 23;Aug 17;Feb 15;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 676)

8. Aspirin ***** (Jul 23;Feb 19;Feb 16;Aug 13;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 677)

9. Congestive Heart Failure ***** (Feb 20;Feb 18;Aug 07;Aug 06;Mar 02)
(Pg.No: 561)

10. Digoxin ***** (Nov 20;Aug 16;Aug 12;Feb 12;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 556)

11. Osmotic Diuretics ***** (Feb 14;Feb 12;Feb 10;Feb 08;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 637)

12. Parenteral Iron Therapy ***** (Feb 23;Aug 22;Aug 19;Aug 11;Aug 04) (Pg.No:
649)

– Iron Preparations
– Uses
13. Potassium Sparing Diuretics ***** (Aug 16;Feb 05;Mar 02;Nov 95;Jan 93)
(Pg.No: 634)

14. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors **** (Aug 22;Sep 21;Oct
03;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 530)

15. Calcium Channel Blockers **** (Aug 09;Feb 09;Feb 05;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 591)

16. Potassium Channel Openers **** (Nov 20;Feb 19;Feb 13;Aug 06) (Pg.No:
598)

17. Statins **** (Mar 22;Aug 16;Aug 10;Mar 02) (Pg.No: 683)

18. Acetazolamide *** (Aug 22;Aug 14;Feb 14) (Pg.No: 633)

19. Amiodarone *** (Jul 23;Feb 11;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 577)

20. Anti-hypertensives in Pregnancy *** (Jul 23;Aug 14;Feb 05) (Pg.No: 617)

21. Direct Oral Anti-coagulants *** (Aug 22;Sep 21;Feb 05) (Pg.No: 667)

22. Myocardial Infarction *** (Feb 14;Aug 13;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 602)

23. Adenosine ** (Feb 20;Aug 13) (Pg.No: 581)

24. Amlodipine ** (Feb 18;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 595)

25. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) ** (Feb 13;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 535)

26. Atorvastatin ** (Feb 10;Feb 08) (Pg.No: 685)

Page: 13
27. Cardiac Glycosides ** (Aug 19;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 556)

28. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonist ** (Feb 18;Aug 13) (Pg.No: 679)

29. Losartan ** (Aug 14;Feb 07) (Pg.No: 535)

30. Nitrates ** (Aug 08;Aug 05) (Pg.No: 585)

31. Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) ** (Jul 23;Aug 13) (Pg.No: 524)

32. Beta Blockers as Anti-hypertensives (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 609)

33. Carvedilol (Feb 10) (Pg.No: 610)

34. Class III Anti-arrhythmic Drugs (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 577)

35. Direct Renin Inhibitor (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 538)

36. Eprosartan (Feb 22) (Pg.No: 537)

37. Epsilon Amino-Caproic Acid (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 676)

38. Erythrocyte Maturation Factor (Feb 22) (Pg.No: 652)

39. Erythropoietin (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 657)

40. Glyceryl Trinitrate (Feb 12) (Pg.No: 588)

41. Heparin Antagonist (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 666)

42. Hypertensive Emergencies (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 618)

43. Ranolazine (Feb 19) (Pg.No: 600)

44. Sodium Nitroprusside (Feb 16) (Pg.No: 613)

45. Venodilators (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 612)

Page: 14
 Respiratory System

Essays

1. Drugs used in Bronchial Asthma ** (Aug 11;Feb 07) (Pg.No: 241)

– Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects, Classification

2. Role of Sympathomimetics in Bronchial Asthma (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 222)

Short Notes

1. Steroids Used in Bronchial Asthma ******* (Aug 20;Aug 18;Aug 17;Feb

17;Feb 12;Aug 09;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 249)

– Role, Adverse effects

2. Antitussives ***** (Feb 23;Feb 21;Aug 18;Aug 17;Aug 11) (Pg.No: 239)

– Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects, Examples

3. Mast Cell Stabilisers ***** (Aug 18;Feb 16;Feb 11;Feb 10;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 249)

4. Status Asthmaticus ***** (Aug 19;Feb 14;Aug 05;Oct 03;Oct 00) (Pg.No:
253)

– Drugs Used, Management

5. Nasal decongestants **** (Jul 23;Feb 16;Feb 07;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 238)

– Classification, Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects

6. Mucolytics (or) Mucokinetics *** (Feb 19;Aug 13;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 238)

7. Cromolyn Sodium (or) Sodium Cromoglycate ** (Feb 18;Mar 02) (Pg.No:

249)

8. Leukotriene Antagonists in Bronchial Asthma ** (Aug 13;Aug 10) (Pg.No:

248)

– Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects, Indications

Page: 15
9. Role of Glucocorticoids in Bronchial Asthma ** (Feb 15;Apr 98) (Pg.No:
249)

10. Salbutamol ** (Aug 15;Oct 97) (Pg.No: 242)

11. Anti-Asthmatic Drugs (Feb 14) (Pg.No: 241)

12. Bromhexine (Feb 16) (Pg.No: 238)

13. Bronchodilators (Aug 07) (Pg.No: 242)

– Classification: Sympathomimmetics, Methyl xanthines,

Anticholinergics, Mechanism of action, Uses, Adverse Effects

14. Centrally Acting Cough Suppressants (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 239)

– Uses

15. Centrally Acting Cough Syrup (Nov 01) (Pg.No: 239)

– Classification, Mechanism of action, Uses, Adverse Effects

16. Dextromethorphan (Nov 01) (Pg.No: 239)

17. Expectorants (Feb 05) (Pg.No: 238)

18. Ipratropium bromide (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 248)

19. Methyl Xanthines in Bronchial Asthma (Nov 01) (Pg.No: 243)

20. Montelukast (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 248)

– Mechanism of Action, Uses

21. Theophylline (Feb 20) (Pg.No: 246)

22. Zileuton (Aug 05) (Pg.No: 249)

Page: 16
 Autacoids

Essays

1. Salicylates ***** (Feb 23;Feb 15;Aug 08;Feb 08;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 212;TV4-
Pg.No: 241)
– Mechanism of Action, Pharmacological Action, Therapeutic Uses,
Adverse Effects, Classification of NSAIDS

Short Notes

1. Drug therapy of Chronic Gout ******* (Jul 23;Feb 23;Feb 22;Feb 15;Aug
11;Aug 10;Feb 08) (Pg.No: 232;TV4-Pg.No: 250)

– Uricosuric Agents
– Probenecid
2. Second Generation Antihistamines ******* (Feb 20;Aug 19;Aug 14;Aug
13;Aug 08;Aug 05;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 181;TV4-Pg.No: 232)

– Non Sedative H1 Blockers

– Ebastine
– Azelastine
– Rupatadine
3. Therapeutic Uses of Prostaglandins ******* (Aug 22;Feb 17;Feb 14;Aug
11;Feb 11;Aug 10;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 205;TV4-Pg.No: 238)

4. Selective Cox-2 Inhibitors ****** (Feb 18;Aug 14;Aug 11;Feb 10;Aug 09;Aug
08) (Pg.No: 221;TV4-Pg.No: 247)

5. Aspirin ***** (Jul 23;Feb 19;Feb 16;Aug 13;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 212;TV4-Pg.No: 241)

– Contraindications
– Effects on Acid Base and Electrolyte Balance
– Dose Dependant Actions
– Uses
6. Drugs used in Prophylaxis of Migraine ***** (Mar 22;Aug 17;Aug 11;Feb
09;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 194;TV4-Pg.No: 237)

Page: 17
7. Pharmacotherapy of Migraine ***** (Aug 22;Feb 19;Feb 15;Aug 12;Aug 10)
(Pg.No: 192;TV4-Pg.No: 235)

– Selective Serotonin (5-HT) 1B, 1D agonist

– Sumatriptan
8. Acute Gout *** (Feb 23;Aug 14;Feb 12) (Pg.No: 231;TV4-Pg.No: 249)

9. Serotonin (5-HT) Antagonist *** (Aug 13;Feb 07;Feb 05) (Pg.No: 189;TV4-
Pg.No: 234)

– Cyproheptadine
10. Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) ** (Aug 22;Feb 11)
(Pg.No: 227;TV4-Pg.No: 252)

11. Nimesulide ** (Aug 15;Aug 12) (Pg.No: 220;TV4-Pg.No: 245)

12. Acute Paracetamol Poisoning (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 223;TV4-Pg.No: 248)

13. Difference between 1st and 2nd Generation Antihistamines (Feb 20)
(Pg.No: 179;TV4-Pg.No: 231)

14. First Generation Antihistamines (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 174;TV4-Pg.No: 231)

15. Ketorolac (Aug 15) (Pg.No: 219;TV4-Pg.No: 246)

16. Role of Biologics in Rheumatoid Arthritis (Nov 20) (Pg.No: 230;TV4-Pg.No:

254)

17. Therapeutic Uses of H1 Antihistamines (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 178;TV4-Pg.No: 231)

Page: 18
 Peripheral Nervous System

Essays

1. Skeletal muscle relaxants ** (Aug 06;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 373)

– Uses of Succinyl Choline, Succinyl Choline apnea and treatment
– Classification, MOA and Uses of Succinyl Choline, Succinyl Choline
apnea and treatment, d-Tubocurarine, actions and toxicity,
Dantrolene sodium, Malignant hyperthermia

Short Notes

1. Succinyl Choline ***** (Aug 22;Feb 09;Mar 02;Apr 99;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 379)
2. Lignocaine **** (Feb 12;Aug 09;Feb 09;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 392)
– Adverse effects
3. Complications of Spinal Anaesthesia *** (Aug 22;Mar 22;Feb 11) (Pg.No:
396)
4. Local Anaesthetics (MOA) *** (Feb 23;Feb 20;Feb 05) (Pg.No: 387)
5. Rationale of Giving Adrenaline with Local Anaesthetics *** (Feb 23;Feb
09;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 389)
6. Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants ** (Jul 23;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 382)
– Classification, Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects
7. Baclofen (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 384)
8. Bupivacaine (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 392)
9. Competitive and Non-competitive Neuromuscular Blockers (Aug 08)
(Pg.No: 374)
– Difference, Therapeutic effects, Adverse effects
10. d-Tubocurarine (MOA) (Feb 15) (Pg.No: 374)
11. Dantrolene (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 382)
12. Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers (Nov 20) (Pg.No: 375)
– Classification, Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects
13. Local Anaesthetics in Presence of Inflammation (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 389)
14. Pancuronium (Apr 00) (Pg.No: 379)
15. Succinyl Choline Apnoea (Feb 16) (Pg.No: 376)
– Mechanism of Action, Treatment

Page: 19
 Paper 2

Hormones

Essays

1. Anti-Diabetic Drugs ******** (Sep 21;Feb 18;Aug 13;Aug 09;Feb 07;Feb

05;Oct 96;Jan 93) (Pg.No: 285;Pg.No: 293;Pg.No: 294;Pg.No: 299;TV5-Pg.No:
358;TV5-Pg.No: 361;TV5-Pg.No: 362)
– Classification of Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs, Mechanism of Action,
Adverse Effects, Interaction of Sulfonyl Ureas
– Classification of Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs, Mechanism of Action and
Adverse Effects of Metformin, Reason for Metformin being used as
First Choice Drug in Type 2 DM patients
– Newer Insulin Analogues, Insulin Resistance
Probable Cases:
– A 48 year old obese male with sedentary lifestyle, presents with
symptoms and blood sugar levels suggestive of diabetes mellitus,
FBS 120 mg/dL, post prandial blood sugar 260 mg/dL
2. Anti-Thyroid Drugs ****** (Nov 20;Feb 13;Aug 10;Feb 06;Nov 01;Apr 00;Oct
99) (Pg.No: 274;TV5-Pg.No: 324)
– Classification of Antithyroid Drugs, Mechanism of Action, Adverse
Effects, Advantages, Contraindications, Management of Thyroid
Storm
– Radioactive Iodine
Probable Cases:
– A 35 year old female presented with Fatigue, weakness, decreased
appetite, puffy face and menorrhagia. Routine investigations, lipid
profile and thyroid function tests were done
– High TSH and low levels of T3 and T4 was found
3. Corticosteroids *** (Aug 06;Aug 05;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 306;TV5-Pg.No: 346)
– Classification of Glucocorticoids, Physiological and Pharmacological
Actions, Adverse Effects, Therapeutic Uses, Contraindications
– Note on Acute Adrenal Insufficiency

Page: 20
 4. Oral Contraceptives *** (Aug 11;Mar 02;Oct 00) (Pg.No: 346;TV5-Pg.No: 339)

– Classification of Anti Fertility Drugs, Methods of Administration,

Mechanism of Action, Adverse Effects
– Adverse Effects and Complications of Hormonal Contraceptives

Short Notes

1. Oral Contraceptive Pills ******** (Aug 17;Aug 12;Feb 11;Aug 09;Feb 09;Feb
07;Aug 05;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 346;TV5-Pg.No: 339)

2. Glucocorticoids ****** (Feb 23;Feb 11;Aug 09;Feb 07;Aug 04;Nov 95) (Pg.No:
306;TV5-Pg.No: 353)

– Uses, Adverse Effects

3. Newer Insulins ***** (Aug 18;Aug 10;Aug 05;Oct 98;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 287;TV5-
Pg.No: 358)

4. Radioactive Iodine **** (Feb 23;Feb 19;Aug 14;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 277;TV5-
Pg.No: 326)

5. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) **** (Mar 22;Aug 18;Aug

10;Feb 06) (Pg.No: 337;TV5-Pg.No: 335)

6. Tocolytics **** (Jul 23;Aug 22;Aug 08;Feb 06) (Pg.No: 358;TV5-Pg.No: 378)

7. Propylthiouracil *** (Feb 18;Aug 11;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 275;TV5-Pg.No: 325)

8. Anabolic Steroids ** (Feb 09;Apr 99) (Pg.No: 325;TV5-Pg.No: 329)

– Uses, Adverse Effects

9. Anti-Thyroid Drugs ** (Aug 09;Feb 08) (Pg.No: 274;TV5-Pg.No: 324)

10. Carbimazole ** (Feb 10;Dec 90) (Pg.No: 275;TV5-Pg.No: 325)

11. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) ** (Feb 10;Feb 06) (Pg.No: 334;TV5-
Pg.No: 332)

12. Injectable Contraceptives ** (Nov 20;Aug 06) (Pg.No: 348;TV5-Pg.No: 342)

13. Insulin Resistance ** (Aug 11;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 292;TV5-Pg.No: 361)

14. Sulfonyl Ureas ** (Feb 09;Oct 97) (Pg.No: 294;TV5-Pg.No: 362)

– Mechanism, Pharmacological Actions

Page: 21
 15. Adverse Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives (Aug 04) (Pg.No: 350;TV5-
Pg.No: 343)

16. Bisphosphonates (Aug 04) (Pg.No: 369;TV5-Pg.No: 374)

17. Clinical Uses of Somatostatin and Octreotide (Aug 15) (Pg.No: 259;TV5-
Pg.No: 316)

18. Combined Pill (Feb 10) (Pg.No: 346;TV5-Pg.No: 339)

19. Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Aug 10) (Pg.No: 291;TV5-Pg.No: 361)

20. Ovulation Inducing Agents (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 262;TV5-Pg.No: 317)

21. Uterine Stimulants (Feb 05) (Pg.No: 354;TV5-Pg.No: 375)

Gastrointestinal System

Essays

1. Drugs used in Acid Peptic Disease **** (Dec 23;Feb 17;Aug 05;Dec 90)
(Pg.No: 695)

– Classification, Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects

– Classification, Anti H. pylori Drugs and Various Regimens,
Prostaglandin Analogues, Proton Pump Inhibitors
2. Purgatives (or) Management of Functional Constipation (Dec 91) (Pg.No:
721)

– Classification, Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Uses

Short Notes

1. Prokinetic Drugs ****** (Aug 16;Aug 09;Aug 07;Aug 04;Apr 01;Apr 96)
(Pg.No: 713)

2. Drugs for H. pylori Infection ***** (Jul 23;Aug 17;Feb 15;Aug 09;Feb 06)
(Pg.No: 705)

– Triple Regimen

Page: 22
3. H2 Receptor Antagonists ***** (Feb 23;Mar 02;Oct 00;Oct 96;Jan 93)
(Pg.No: 696)

4. Proton Pump Inhibitors ***** (Jul 23;Feb 23;Feb 10;Feb 05;Oct 97) (Pg.No:
699)

– Uses
5. Drugs used in Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) *** (Aug 18;Feb
14;Aug 13) (Pg.No: 707)

6. Metoclopramide *** (Jul 23;Feb 19;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 713)

7. Ondansetron *** (Aug 19;Aug 14;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 716)

– Mechanism of Action
8. Ranitidine *** (Feb 18;Aug 11;Oct 96) (Pg.No: 698)

9. Anti-Emetic Drugs ** (Aug 18;Feb 08) (Pg.No: 710)

– Morning Sickness
10. Anti-Motility Drugs ** (Feb 18;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 733)

11. Purgatives (or) Management of Functional Constipation ** (Aug 12;Feb

06) (Pg.No: 721)

12. Sucralfate ** (Aug 09;Apr 99) (Pg.No: 704)

13. Sulfasalazine ** (Aug 14;Aug 13) (Pg.No: 734)

14. 5-HT3 (Serotonin) Antagonists (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 716)

15. Anti-Diarrhoeals (Aug 22) (Pg.No: 727)

16. Bulk Forming Agents (Aug 16) (Pg.No: 722)

17. Classification of Anti-Emetic Agents (Aug 15) (Pg.No: 711)

18. Domperidone (Feb 16) (Pg.No: 715)

19. Prostaglandin Analogues in Peptic Ulcer Disease (Feb 20) (Pg.No: 702)

Page: 23
 Anti-Microbial Drugs

Essays

1. Anti-Amoebic Drugs ******* (Jul 23;Aug 13;Aug 11;Feb 09;Aug 07;Aug

04;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 893)

– Metronidazole, Mechanism of Action, Spectrum of Activity, Uses

2. Anti-Malarial drugs ***** (Aug 17;Aug 14;Aug 08;Oct 03;Jan 93) (Pg.No:
877)

– Classification, Chloroquine Resistant Malaria, Extramalarial uses

– Classification, ACT Prophylaxis
– Classification, Chloroquine, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug
Reactions, Uses
3. Anti-tubercular drugs (or) Treatment of Tuberculosis ***** (Jul 23;Aug
16;Feb 11;Feb 10;Feb 08) (Pg.No: 816)

– Classification, Isoniazid, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug

Reactions, Short Course Treatment of TB
– Rifampicin, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug Reactions, Uses
– Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug Reactions of Any 1 Drug
– Treatment of Pulmonary TB, Bacterial Resistance
– Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug Reactions of Any 2 Drugs
Probable Cases:

– A 25 year old male came with complaints of cough with

expectoration, evening rise of temperature, sweating and loss of
appetite for past 2 weeks
4. Anti-Fungal agents *** (Feb 20;Feb 15;Aug 12) (Pg.No: 838)

– Classification, Imidazoles: Mechanism of Action, Ketoconazole: Uses

and Adverse Drug Reactions
– Classification, Fluconazole, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug
Reactions, Pharmacokinetics, Therapeutic Uses
– Classification, Griseofulvin, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug
Reactions, Drug Interactions, Therapeutic Uses

Page: 24
5. Anti-Leprosy Drugs *** (Feb 07;Apr 98;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 831)

– Multidrug Therapy, Therapeutic Aspects and Adverse Effects of 3

drugs used
– Enumerate Drugs used in Leprosy, Dosage Schedule and Adverse
Effects of drugs used in Paucibacillary and Multi-bacillary Leprosy,
Treatment of Lepra Reaction
6. Beta Lactam Antibiotics *** (Feb 19;Feb 16;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 766)

– Classification of Beta Lactam Antibiotics, Mechanism of Action,

Adverse Drug Reactions, Uses of Penicillin, Penicillin G, Beta
Lactamase Inhibitors and their uses
7. Fluoroquinolones *** (Feb 13;Oct 96;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 760)

– Classification, Mechanism of Action, Uses, 2nd Generation

Fluoroquinolones
8. Penicillins *** (Feb 09;Aug 04;Oct 98) (Pg.No: 766)

– Classification, Penicillin G, Mechanism of Action, Uses, Preparations,

Comparison Pharmacokinetics of Aminopenicillins and Penicillin G
– Classification, Ampicillin, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug
Reactions, Uses
– Classification, Aminopenicillin, Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse
Drug Reactions
– Classification, Penicillin G, Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Drug
Reactions
9. Aminoglycosides ** (Jul 23;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 793)

– Classification, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug Reactions, Uses,

Pharmacokinetics
– Classification, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug Reactions, Uses of
Gentamycin
10. Broad Spectrum Antibiotics ** (Mar 02;Oct 00) (Pg.No: 784)

– Classification of Tetracyclines, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug

Reactions, Antibacterial Spectrum
– Why Tetracycline is not used in Children, Precautions to be taken
before use of Tetracycline

Page: 25
 11. Cephalosporins ** (Aug 15;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 775)

– Classification, Spectrum of 3rd Generation Cephalosporins, Drug

Therapy in Bacterial Meningitis, Chemoprophylaxis of Meningitis
– Classification, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug Reactions, Uses,
Post Antibiotic Effect
12. Antivirals (Feb 08) (Pg.No: 849)

– Classification, Acyclovir, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug

Reactions, Uses
13. Drugs for Treatment of Typhoid (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 762)

– Ciprofloxacin, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug Reactions, Uses,

Treatment of Ciprofloxacin Resistant Cases
Probable Cases:

– A 15 year old girl admitted with complaints of high fever, head ache
and stomach pain. She revealed that she had visited marina beach
last week end and ate from roadside food stall
14. Macrolides (Aug 08) (Pg.No: 801)

– Classification, Erythromycin, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug

Reactions, Uses
15. Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (Feb 22) (Pg.No: 825)

– Anti-Tubercular Therapy (ATT) in MDR TB, Mechanism of Action and

Adverse Effects, Categories of Treatment in MDR TB, Interactions of
ATT drugs and Oral Contraceptives (OCPs) and its Management
– Classification of ATT, Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course
Chemotherapy (DOTS), Management of MDR TB

Short Notes

1. Metronidazole ********* (Aug 22;Sep 21;Feb 11;Aug 10;Oct 03;Apr 00;Apr

98;Oct 96;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 894)

2. 3rd Generation Cephalosporins ******* (Dec 23;Nov 20;Aug 09;Feb 08;Aug

05;Oct 00;Apr 99) (Pg.No: 777)

3. Albendazole ****** (Feb 14;Aug 13;Aug 05;Feb 05;Oct 03;Oct 00) (Pg.No:
908)

Page: 26
4. Aminoglycosides ***** (Mar 22;Feb 18;Aug 15;Aug 08;Aug 06) (Pg.No: 793)

– Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug Reactions

5. Amphotericin B ***** (Jul 23;Mar 22;Feb 22;Aug 14;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 839)

– Therapeutic Uses
– New Formulations
6. Lepra reaction ***** (Feb 23;Aug 22;Feb 15;Feb 13;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 837)

– Management
7. Short Course Chemotherapy in Treatment of Tuberculosis ***** (Feb
20;Feb 19;Aug 14;Oct 96;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 824)

8. Anti Retroviral Drugs **** (Aug 08;Feb 06;Mar 02;Oct 00) (Pg.No: 860)

9. Bacterial Drug Resistance **** (Feb 11;Feb 10;Feb 06;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 742)

10. Chloroquine **** (Feb 23;Feb 10;Feb 08;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 879)

11. Cotrimoxazole **** (Sep 21;Aug 15;Aug 05;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 757)

– Rationale in Use
– Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug Reactions, Uses
12. Rifampicin **** (Dec 23;Feb 09;Oct 98;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 818)

13. Artemisinin Combination Therapy *** (Aug 15;Feb 14;Aug 05) (Pg.No: 889)

– Advantages, Pharmacological Basis of Artemisinin Derivatives in

Malaria
14. Chemoprophylaxis of Latent Tubercular Infections *** (Nov 20;Aug 09;Apr
00) (Pg.No: 828)

– Definition, Examples with Rationale

15. Dapsone *** (Aug 18;Aug 14;Feb 08) (Pg.No: 831)

– Sulfone syndrome
16. Gentamicin *** (Aug 12;Feb 05;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 797)

17. Mebendazole *** (Feb 15;Aug 09;Oct 97) (Pg.No: 906)

– Indications
– Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug Reactions

Page: 27
18. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors *** (Feb 19;Feb 07;Apr 97)
(Pg.No: 861)

19. Vancomycin *** (Jul 23;Aug 22;Aug 13) (Pg.No: 806)

20. Acyclovir ** (Feb 23;Aug 19) (Pg.No: 850)

21. Azithromycin ** (Aug 17;Aug 12) (Pg.No: 804)

– Antibacterial Spectrum, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Drug

Reactions, Uses
22. Beta Lactamase Inhibitions ** (Mar 22;Feb 22) (Pg.No: 774)

23. Ciprofloxacin ** (Mar 22;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 760)

– Mechanism of Action, Uses

– Why Ciprofloxacin is Contraindicated in Children less than 8 years of
age
24. Clarithromycin ** (Feb 11;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 803)

25. Clofazimine ** (Aug 12;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 832)

– Rationale in Lepra Reaction

26. Erythromycin ** (Feb 20;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 801)

27. Extramalarial uses of Chloroquine ** (Feb 11;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 879)

28. Fluoroquinolones ** (Aug 08;Nov 94) (Volume 2, Pg.No: 760)

29. Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) ** (Aug 22;Aug 19) (Pg.No:
868)

30. Imipenem ** (Feb 15;Feb 13) (Pg.No: 782)

31. Isoniazid ** (Aug 10;Aug 05) (Pg.No: 816)

32. Ivermectin ** (Jul 23;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 911)

33. Mefloquine ** (Mar 02;Oct 00) (Pg.No: 881)

34. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) of HIV infection ** (Jul 23;Aug 14) (Pg.No:
871)

35. Praziquantel ** (Aug 06;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 912)

36. Primaquine ** (Aug 10;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 885)

Page: 28
37. Semisynthetic Penicillins ** (Feb 13;Feb 05) (Pg.No: 770)

38. Topical Anti-Fungal Agents ** (Feb 13;Aug 07) (Pg.No: 847)

39. Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) ** (Feb 23;Feb 08) (Pg.No: 810)

40. 4th generation Cephalosporins (Feb 14) (Pg.No: 779)

41. Amikacin (Feb 10) (Pg.No: 799)

42. Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins (or) Piperacillin (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 774)

43. Broad Spectrum Penicillins (Aug 06) (Pg.No: 772)

44. Cephalosporins (Dec 90) (Pg.No: 775)

45. Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (DEC) (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 910)

46. Doxycycline (Feb 10) (Pg.No: 787)

47. Drugs in Typhoid fever (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 762)

48. Drugs used in Syphilis (Feb 08) (Pg.No: 766)

49. Erythrocytic Schizonticidal Agents (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 876)

50. Fluconazole (Feb 10) (Pg.No: 844)

– Uses
– Advantage over ketoconazole
51. Fusion Inhibitors in HIV infections (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 867)

52. Ketoconazole (Aug 10) (Pg.No: 844)

53. Management of Cerebral Malaria (Aug 10) (Pg.No: 883)

54. Management of Chloroquine Resistant Malaria (Feb 06) (Pg.No: 877)

55. Meropenem (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 782)

56. Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 825)

57. Newer Macrolides (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 803)

58. Principles and Guidelines in Treatment of HIV (Aug 18) (Pg.No: 867)

59. Pyrantel Pamoate (Nov 01) (Pg.No: 909)

Page: 29
 60. Pyrazinamide (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 819)

61. Quinine (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 882)

62. Repository Preparations of Penicillin (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 769)

63. Retroviral Protease Inhibitors and Combination Therapy (Sep 21) (Pg.No:
864)

64. Role of Corticosteroids in Management of Tuberculosis (Aug 13) (Pg.No:

828)

65. Terbinafine (Feb 18) (Pg.No: 847)

66. Therapeutic Uses of Amoxycillin (Apr 98) (Pg.No: 773)

67. Topical Sulphonamides (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 756)

Neoplastic Drugs

Essays

1. Classification of Anti-Cancer Drugs, Anti-Metabolites (Aug 10) (Pg.No:

916;Pg.No: 921)
– Name Antimetabolites, Mechanism of Action of Methotrexate,
Therapeutic Uses of Methotrexate, Treatment of Methotrexate Toxicity

Short Notes

1. Methotrexate ********* (Jul 23;Aug 22;Feb 17;Aug 15;Feb 13;Aug 11;Nov 01;Oct
98;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 921)

– Mechanism of Action, Uses, Adverse Effects

2. Vinca Alkaloids ******* (Sep 21;Aug 16;Aug 11;Feb 10;Apr 01;Apr 98;Apr 96)
(Pg.No: 924)

3. Anti-Cancer Antibiotics ****** (Sep 21;Feb 11;Sep 09;Feb 09;Aug 08;Apr 97)
(Pg.No: 926)

4. Cisplatin **** (Mar 22;Aug 11;Aug 10;Nov 95) (Pg.No: 920)

Page: 30
5. Cyclophosphamide *** (Feb 23;Aug 18;Dec 90) (Pg.No: 918)

– Mechanism of Action, Adverse Effects

6. Paclitaxel *** (Nov 20;Feb 16;Aug 12) (Pg.No: 924)

– Mechanism of Action
7. Folinic Acid ** (Aug 14;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 921)

– Citrovorum Factor Rescue

– Leucovorin Rescue
8. Platinum Compounds ** (Feb 22;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 920)

9. Vincristine ** (Feb 23;Oct 00) (Pg.No: 924)

10. Alkylating Agents (Aug 08) (Pg.No: 918)

– Types, Therapeutic Uses

11. Bleomycin (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 927)

12. Classification of Anticancer Drugs (Feb 14) (Pg.No: 916)

13. L-Asparaginase (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 928)

14. Microtubule Damaging Agents (Aug 15) (Pg.No: 924)

– Vinca Alkaloids, Taxanes

15. Plant Alkaloids Used in Cancer Chemotherapy (Feb 08) (Pg.No: 924)

– Vinca alkaloids: Vincristine, Vinblastine and Vinorelbine

– Taxanes: Paclitaxel and Docetaxel
– Podophyllotoxins: Etoposide and Tenisopide
– Camptothecan analogues: Irinotecan and Topotecan
16. Toxicities of Cytotoxic Drugs (Feb 17) (Pg.No: 916)

Page: 31
 Miscellaneous Drugs

Essays

1. Immunosuppressants (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 937)

– Classification of Immunosuppressants, Mechanism of Action,
Adverse Effects, Therapeutic Uses of Calcineurin Inhibitors

Short Notes

1. Dimercaprol (or) British Anti-Lewisite (BAL) ******** (Feb 15;Feb 13;Feb

11;Aug 10;Aug 08;Feb 05;Aug 04;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 964)

2. Cyclosporine ****** (Mar 22;Feb 20;Aug 19;Feb 10;Nov 01;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 937)

3. Psoriasis ****** (Aug 22;Mar 22;Feb 20;Aug 18;Feb 13;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 950)

4. Scabies ****** (Aug 17;Feb 16;Aug 10;Feb 09;Aug 04;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 961)

5. Vitamin D ***** (Aug 17;Feb 14;Aug 10;Aug 09;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 366)

6. Acne Vulgaris **** (Jul 23;Aug 22;Feb 17;Aug 14) (Pg.No: 952)

7. Immunosuppressants **** (Aug 08;Mar 02;Oct 00;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 937)

8. Mycophenolate Mofetil **** (Jul 23;Nov 20;Aug 12;Aug 07) (Pg.No: 942)

9. Calcineurin Inhibitors *** (Feb 19;Aug 13;Aug 11) (Pg.No: 937)

10. Chelating Agents *** (Feb 23;Aug 22;Feb 07) (Pg.No: 964)

11. d-Penicillamine *** (Aug 09;Aug 04;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 966)

12. Monoclonal Antibody *** (Pg.No: 943)

13. Desferrioxamine ** (Feb 20;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 966)

14. Vitamin A ** (Feb 13;Mar 02) (Pg.No: 968)

15. Anti-Seborrheic agents (Pg.No: 949)

16. Antioxidant Vitamin (Feb 22) (Pg.No: 971)

17. Ascorbic Acid (Feb 05) (Pg.No: 975)

18. Drug for Ocular Disease (Sep 21)

Page: 32
19. Hepatitis B Vaccine (Aug 19) (Pg.No: 982)

20. Keratolytic Agents (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 949)

21. Pharmacological basis of Immunosuppressant in Organ Transplant (Feb

23) (Pg.No: 944)

22. Psoralen Ultraviolet A (PUVA) (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 951)

23. Rabies Prophylaxis (Feb 03) (Pg.No: 981)

24. Sun Screens (Aug 05) (Pg.No: 952)

25. Tacrolimus (Aug 06) (Pg.No: 940)

26. Therapeutic Uses of Oxygen (Feb 11)

27. Treatment for Iron Toxicity (or) Poisoning (Pg.No: 652)

28. Vitamin K (Aug 16) (Pg.No: 660)

Page: 33
 Pathology

Paper 1

The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease

Short Notes

1. Growth Factors *** (Feb 15;Feb 08;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 20)

2. Fibronectin ** (Dec 23;Feb 08) (Pg.No: 24)

3. Adhesion Molecules (Nov 98) (Pg.No: 24)

Cell Injury, Cell Death and Adaptations

Essays

1. Necrosis **** (Feb 22;Feb 11;Aug 06;Dec 90) (Pg.No: 39)

– Definition, Morphology, Patterns of Tissue Necrosis

2. Apoptosis *** (Jul 23;Feb 16;Aug 07) (Pg.No: 42)

– Definition, Causes, Mechanisms, Morphology

– Biochemical Features, -Dysregulated Apoptosis
3. Degeneration (Aug 04) (Pg.No: 62)

– Types, Fatty Change Pathology

Page: 34
Short Notes

1. Necrosis ********** (Feb 18;Feb 17;Feb 14;Aug 13;Feb 13;Feb 12;Aug 09;Feb
09;Aug 08;Mar 02;Nov 98;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 39)
– Types
– Nuclear Changes
– Morphological Patterns
– Fat Necrosis
– Caseous Necrosis
2. Pathologic Calcification ********** (Aug 20;Feb 18;Aug 17;Feb 15;Feb 13;Feb
11;Feb 09;Aug 07;Feb 06;Oct 00;Nov 98;Apr 98;Dec 90) (Pg.No: 65)
– Dystrophic
– Metastatic
– Difference between Dystrophic and Metastatic
3. Metaplasia ****** (Feb 17;Aug 13;Feb 11;Aug 10;Feb 10;Oct 03) (Pg.No:
61;Pg.No: 272)
4. Apoptosis **** (Feb 19;Feb 14;Aug 12;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 42)
– Mechanism
5. Free Radicals in Cell Injury **** (Feb 12;Aug 10;Aug 08;Oct 00) (Pg.No: 52)

6. Gangrene **** (Aug 16;Feb 08;Oct 97;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 41)

– Pathogenesis
7. Fatty Change *** (Feb 10;Aug 05;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 62)
– Fatty Liver
– Causes
8. Hyperplasia *** (Feb 21;Aug 19;Aug 17) (Pg.No: 59)

9. Atrophy (Feb 10) (Pg.No: 59)

10. Autophagy (Pg.No: 48)

11. Cell Death (Feb 21) (Pg.No: 47)

– Necroptosis
12. Cellular Aging (Feb 16) (Pg.No: 66)
– Role of Sirtuins
13. Cellular Swelling (Aug 06) (Pg.No: 37)

14. Pigments (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 64)

– Classification, Lipofuscin

Page: 35
 Inflammation and Repair

Essays

1. Acute Inflammation ******** (Nov 20;Feb 19;Aug 11;Aug 10;Feb 07;Feb

05;Nov 95;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 75;Pg.No: 85)

– Define Inflammation, Cellular Events, Chemotaxis, Phagocytosis,

Defects in Leukocyte Functions
– Definition, Signs of Inflammation, Mediators
– Definition, Chemical Mediators
2. Cytokines *** (Feb 20;Apr 01;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 88)

3. Repair and Healing (Feb 06) (Pg.No: 103)

4. Wound Healing (Oct 97) (Pg.No: 108)

– Healing by Second Intention, Difference between First and Second

Intention Healing, Factors Affecting Healing

Short Notes

1. Chemical Mediators of Acute Inflammation ********** (Jul 23;Feb 21;Aug

19;Aug 16;Feb 14;Feb 11;Aug 09;Feb 09;Oct 00;Dec 90) (Pg.No: 85)
– Chemokines
– Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
– Arachidonic Acid Metabolites
2. Granuloma (or) Granulomatous Inflammation ********* (Jul 23;Aug 13;Feb
13;Feb 08;Feb 06;Feb 05;Apr 00;Nov 98;Apr 98) (Pg.No: 100)
– Immune Granuloma
– Tubercle
3. Wound Healing ******** (Feb 23;Aug 18;Feb 14;Aug 13;Feb 13;Aug 08;Aug
06;Feb 05) (Pg.No: 108)
– Factors Affecting Wound Healing
– Steps
– Types
4. Acute Inflammation ***** (Feb 22;Feb 14;Aug 11;Oct 03;Jan 93) (Pg.No: 75)
– Morphologic Patterns, Chemotaxis
– Systemic Effects

Page: 36
 5. Exudate and Transudate ***** (Feb 11;Feb 09;Aug 04;Apr 00;Apr 92) (Pg.No:
75)

6. Phagocytosis ***** (Feb 14;Feb 10;Aug 05;Apr 99;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 80)

7. Tissue Repair ** (Feb 22;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 111)

– Exuberant Granulation Tissue
8. Healing by Second Intention (Nov 95) (Pg.No: 110)

Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolism and Shock

Essays

1. Shock ******* (Feb 20;Feb 12;Aug 09;Feb 08;Mar 02;Oct 00;Apr 96) (Pg.No:
134)
– Definition, Classification, Etiology, Stages, Pathogenesis,
Morphological Changes, Complications
– Septic Shock
– Endotoxic Shock
– Classification, Morphological Changes in Different Organs
2. Thrombosis ******* (Aug 22;Feb 07;Aug 05;Apr 99;Oct 97;Apr 95;Jan 93)
(Pg.No: 125)
– Differentiate From Postpartum
– Definition, Etiological Factors, Morphology, Sequelae
– Thrombogenesis, Fate of Thrombus
– Pathogenesis
3. Edema ***** (Aug 17;Feb 13;Feb 10;Feb 09;Apr 98) (Pg.No: 115)
– Definition, Pathophysiological Categories, Examples, Illustrations
– Definition, Classification, Etiopathogenesis, Generalised Edema ,
Significance of Cerebral, Pulmonary and Cardiac Edema
– Pulmonary Edema
4. Gangrene (Nov 93) (Pg.No: 133)
– Types, Etiology, Pathogenesis of Gas Gangrene

Page: 37
Short Notes

1. Embolism ********** (Feb 16;Aug 14;Aug 14;Feb 13;Aug 12;Aug 09;Feb 09;Aug
06;Oct 03;Apr 00;Nov 98;Nov 95;Dec 90) (Pg.No: 130)
– Pulmonary Embolism
– Thromboembolism
– Fat Embolism
– Air Embolism (Caisson's Disease)
– Amniotic Fluid Embolism (Liquid Embolism)
2. Thrombosis ********** (Aug 20;Feb 19;Aug 17;Feb 17;Aug 14;Aug 13;Feb
13;Aug 12;Feb 12;Aug 09;Aug 08;Oct 03;Nov 95;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 125)
– Fate
– Risk Factors for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
– Virchow's Triad
– Morphology
– Differentiate Thrombus and Blood Clot
– Definition
– Complications
– Lines of Zahn
3. Shock ****** (Aug 17;Aug 15;Aug 14;Feb 11;Aug 10;Aug 06) (Pg.No: 134)
– Stages
– Pathogenesis
– Septic Shock
4. Infarct ***** (Jul 23;Aug 19;Nov 94;Nov 93;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 133)
– Morphology
5. Edema ** (Aug 05;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 115)

– Pathogenesis
6. Normal Hemostasis and Coagulation Cascade ** (Mar 22;Dec 91) (Pg.No:
118)

7. Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 127)

8. Hyperemia and Congestion (Aug 16) (Pg.No: 117)

Page: 38
 Genetic Disorders

Short Notes

1. Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) ******* (Aug 19;Aug 16;Aug 14;Feb 13;Feb
10;Feb 09;Aug 06) (Pg.No: 166)

2. Klinefelter Syndrome ******* (Feb 23;Feb 17;Aug 12;Aug 10;Aug 08;Nov

98;Apr 95) (Pg.No: 170)

3. Turner's Syndrome ******* (Feb 12;Feb 07;Feb 06;Oct 03;Apr 99;Nov 94;Dec
91) (Pg.No: 171)

4. Gaucher's Disease ****** (Jul 23;Feb 15;Aug 14;Feb 14;Feb 08;Oct 00) (Pg.No:
158)

– Stain Used To Identify

5. Disorders Involving Sex Chromosomes **** (Aug 20;Apr 17;Aug 04;Nov 97)
(Pg.No: 170)

– Sex Chromatin, Klinefelter Syndrome, Turner Syndrome,

Hermaphroditism, Pseudoaphroditism
6. X-Linked Recessive Disorders *** (Feb 18;Feb 11;Mar 02) (Pg.No: 146)

7. Types of Chromosomal Rearrangements ** (Feb 19;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 165)

8. Autosomal Recessive Disorders (Aug 18) (Pg.No: 145)

9. Barr body (Jul 23)

10. Glycogen Storage Disorders (Feb 18) (Pg.No: 160)

11. Hybridisation Techniques To Detect Genomic Alterations (Feb 11) (Pg.No:

180)

– Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation

12. Marfan Syndrome (Nov 97) (Pg.No: 148)

13. Mitochondrial Inheritance (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 177)

14. Niemann-Pick Disease (Aug 07) (Pg.No: 157)

Page: 39
 Immunology

Essays

1. Amyloidosis ********** (Aug 22;Aug 22;Nov 20;Aug 20;Aug 15;Aug 14;Aug

13;Aug 12;Feb 11;Feb 10;Aug 09;Feb 08;Aug 05;Aug 04;Apr 00;Apr 95) (Pg.No:
259)
– Pathogenesis, Primary Amyloidosis, Stains Used And Staining
Characteristics, Effect On Various Organs
2. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) ********* (Feb 23;Feb
20;Aug 16;Feb 14;Feb 12;Feb 11;Feb 10;Aug 07;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 247)
– Etiology, Routes of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Major and Minor Signs, Laboratory Diagnosis, Opportunistic Infections
3. Hypersensitivity Reactions ***** (Feb 23;Feb 22;Aug 17;Feb 12;Feb 09)
(Pg.No: 204)
– Immune complex (Type 3) Hypersensitivity reaction
4. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 221)

Short Notes

1. Antibody Mediated (Type 2) Hypersensitivity ***** (Aug 18;Feb 14;Feb

11;Mar 02;Nov 95) (Pg.No: 209)

2. Phagocytosis ***** (Feb 14;Feb 10;Aug 05;Apr 99;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 209)

3. Morphology of Transplant Rejection Reactions **** (Aug 22;Sep 21;Feb

21;Oct 00) (Pg.No: 235)

4. Type 1 (Immediate) Hypersensitivity reaction **** (Nov 20;Aug 20;Feb

19;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 205)

5. Anaphylaxis *** (Mar 22;Feb 13;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 208)

6. Cytokines *** (Feb 20;Apr 01;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 199)

7. Lupus Erythematosus (LE) Phenomenon *** (Aug 15;Feb 08;Apr 92) (Pg.No:
221)

8. Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases *** (Feb 23;Feb 18;Aug 09) (Pg.No:

218)

9. Renal Changes in SLE *** (Jul 23;Aug 14;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 225)

Page: 40
 10. Arthus reaction ** (Feb 15;Aug 12) (Pg.No: 212)

11. Cell Mediated (Type 4) Hypersensitivity Reaction ** (Feb 23;Dec 91)

(Pg.No: 212)

12. Graft vs Host Disease ** (Aug 22;Aug 19) (Pg.No: 239)

13. Anti-Nuclear Antibodies (Oct 03) (Pg.No: 221)

14. Hyper IgM Syndrome (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 244)

15. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) (or) Human Leukocyte

Antigens (HLA) (Oct 03) (Pg.No: 198)

16. Mast Cells (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 206)

17. Natural Killer (NK) cells (Apr 01) (Pg.No: 192)

18. Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes (Oct 00) (Pg.No: 240)

19. T-Lymphocyte (Aug 04) (Pg.No: 194)

Neoplasia

Essays

1. Neoplasia *** (Sep 21;Aug 18;Aug 15) (Pg.No: 323;Pg.No: 306;Pg.No: 268)
– Define Neoplasia, Pathogenesis of Radiation Carcinogenesis
– Define Neoplasia, Molecular Basis of Cancer
– Oncogenesis and Their Mode of Activation
– Define Neoplasms, Features of Anaplasia, Invasion and Metastasis
2. Carcinogenesis (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 320)
– Physical, Chemical & Biological Carcinogenesis, Molecular Basis of
Cancer
3. Carcinogenic Agents (Aug 10) (Pg.No: 321)
– Various Carcinogenic Agents, Classify Chemical Carcinogens, Steps
in Chemical Carcinogenesis
4. Metastasis (Jul 08) (Pg.No: 273)
– Define Metastasis, Different Pathways of Spread
5. Oncogenic Viruses (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 324)
– Mention Oncogenic Viruses, Oncogenesis by Human Papilloma Virus

Page: 41
Short Notes

1. Chemical Carcinogenesis **** (Feb 23;Feb 23;Nov 20;Feb 18) (Pg.No: 321)

2. Tumour Markers **** (Aug 22;Aug 18;Feb 17;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 335)

3. Difference Between Benign and Malignant Tumor *** (Feb 23;Aug 16;Aug
09) (Pg.No: 276)

4. Paraneoplastic Syndromes *** (Aug 22;Feb 14;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 328)

5. Dysplasia ** (Aug 18;Apr 95) (Pg.No: 272)

6. Epstein-Barr Virus ** (Aug 20;Aug 14) (Pg.No: 325)

7. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) ** (Aug 09;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 331)

8. Growth Factors ** (Sep 21;Feb 15) (Pg.No: 286)

9. Lab Diagonosis of Cancer ** (Feb 19;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 331)

10. Metastasis ** (Aug 19;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 273)

11. Oncogenic Viruses ** (Feb 13;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 323)

12. Tumour Suppressor Genes ** (Feb 14;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 291)

13. Automatic Tissue Processor (Feb 09)

14. Carcinogens (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 323)

– Types, Microbial Carcinogens

15. Carcinoma In Situ (Pg.No: 272)

16. Difference Between Differentiation and Anaplasia (Feb 12) (Pg.No: 270)

17. Grading and Staging of Tumors (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 330)

18. Hamartoma (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 269)

19. Molecular Basis of Cancer (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 281)

20. P53 (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 294)

21. Tumour Antigen (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 309)

22. Warburg Effect (Feb 12) (Pg.No: 299)

Page: 42
 Infectious Diseases

Short Notes

1. Tuberculosis ***** (Jul 23;Mar 22;Aug 19;Aug 12;Apr 95) (Pg.No: 368)

– Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis

– Miliary Tuberculosis
– Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Probable Cases:

– A 10 year old male with evening rise of temperature, neck nodes. His
father was treated for cough with expectoration for 6 months.
2. Leprosy **** (Feb 14;Aug 12;Feb 10;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 374)

3. Actinomycosis (or) Mycetoma Foot *** (Aug 18;Feb 10;Feb 09)

4. Dengue ** (Feb 20;Aug 18) (Pg.No: 353)

5. Malaria (or) Black Water Fever ** (Feb 23;Feb 12) (Pg.No: 388)

6. Mucormycosis ** (Feb 22;Sep 21) (Pg.No: 387)

7. Cysticercosis (Feb 18) (Pg.No: 395)

8. Tertiary Syphilis (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 376)

9. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (Feb 12) (Pg.No: 352)

Environmental and Nutritional Disorders

Essays

1. Obesity (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 444)

– Methods of Assessments, Etiopathogenesis, Complications

Probable Cases:

– A 12 year old boy has a history of eating snacks and watching

television with reduced physical activity for the past few years. BMI
- 30.5

Page: 43
Short Notes

1. Vitamin D Deficiency (or) Rickets ******* (Jul 23;Feb 23;Feb 20;Aug 18;Aug
10;Aug 08;Feb 05) (Pg.No: 440) Probable Cases:
– A 3 year old male child had frontal bossing, pigeon chest and
bowing of legs.
2. Vitamin A Deficiency *** (Feb 13;Aug 06;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 437) Probable
Cases:
– A 17 year old female who is already diagnosed as a case of Crohn's
disease came with complaints of night blindness and recurrent
infections.
3. Vitamin C Deficiency (or) Scurvy *** (Feb 23;Aug 19;Feb 15) (Pg.No: 442)
Probable Cases:
– A 7 year old child came with complaints of bleeding gums,
hemorrhages and healing defects.
4. Lead poisoning ** (Feb 16;Aug 11) (Pg.No: 411)
– Blood and Bone marrow changes
Probable Cases:
– A 12 year old child came with complaints of mental retardation. CBC
shows basophilic stippling. X-ray show radiodense lines.
5. Obesity ** (Mar 22;Aug 18) (Pg.No: 444)

6. Protein Energy Malnutrition ** (Feb 18;Feb 17) (Pg.No: 434)

7. Acute and Chronic effects of Alcohol (Pg.No: 418)

8. Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia (Pg.No: 435)

9. Effects of Tobacco (Pg.No: 415)

10. Kwashiorkor (Apr 97) (Pg.No: 434) Probable Cases:

– A 4 year old child has presented with hyperpigmentation,
desquamation and hyperpigmentation of skin, puffiness of face
and enlarged liver. Flag sign positive in hairs.
11. Nutritional Disorders (Aug 22) (Pg.No: 433)

12. Opioids - Adverse effects (Pg.No: 424)

13. Radiation Injury (Aug 07) (Pg.No: 429)

Page: 44
 Infancy and Diseases of Childhood

Short Notes

1. Wilms Tumor ******** (Dec 23;Aug 14;Aug 10;Aug 08;Aug 04;Oct 03;Oct
99;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 480)
– Asked in paper 2 as well
Probable Cases:
– A 3 year old child presented with a unilateral, large abdominal
mass which extend down the pelvis. Histology show sheets of blue
cells.
2. Childhood Malignancies *** (Feb 19;Aug 08;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 475)
– Benign Tumors, Malignant Tumors
3. Hemolytic Disease of Newborn (Fetal Hydrops) ** (Aug 09;Apr 96) (Pg.No:
462)
4. Cystic Fibrosis (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 467)
– Etiopathogenesis
Probable Cases:
– A 10 year old child is hospitalized with pneumonia and difficulty in
breathing. His stools are large and contains undigested particles.
His sweat chloride levels are elevated.
5. Homer Wright Pseudo Rosettes (Neuroblastoma Histology) (Apr 08)
(Pg.No: 478) Probable Cases:
– A 2 year old child presented with a large abdominal mass and
weight loss. He has deep bluish discolouration of skin (Blueberry
Muffin Baby). Blood - Elevated levels of VMA (Vanillyl mandellic
acid).
6. Phenylketonuria (Pg.No: 465) Probable Cases:
– A 6 month old baby has reduced intellectual ability. His blood
sample shows elevated levels of phenylalanine.
7. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) (Pg.No: 473) Probable Cases:
– A 6 month old baby dies suddenly with unexplained cause even
after proper investigation, autopsy and clinical history.

Page: 45
 Red Blood Cells

Essays

1. Sickle Cell Anaemia ***** (Aug 18;Feb 07;Feb 07;Apr 97;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 641)

– Define Anaemia, Classify Hemolytic Anaemia, Pathogenesis, Clinical

Features, Laboratory Diagnosis
Probable Cases:

– A 20 year old female had hematocrit of 20%, reticulocytosis,

hyperbilirubinemia, peripheral smear revealed anisopoikilocytosis
and target cells.
2. Megaloblastic Anaemia **** (Mar 22;Aug 17;Aug 05;Mar 05) (Pg.No: 651)

– Causes, Pathogenesis, Morphology, Bone Marrow Picture

– Lab Investigation and Diagnosis of Pernicious Anaemia
– Definition of anaemia, Classification of anaemia
Probable Cases:

– A 50 year old male vegetarian, presented with pallor, paresthesia of

extremities. O/E he had beefy tongue.
3. Iron Deficiency Anaemia (or) Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia *** (Feb
13;Aug 08;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 655)

– Etiopathogenesis, Peripheral Smear, Bone Marrow Picture

Probable Cases:

– A 30 year old female presented with menorrhagia. She has pallor,

koilonychia.
4. Thalassemia (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 644)
– Etiopathogenesis, Morphology, Lab Investigation
– Classify Hemolytic Anaemia, Pathogenesis, Blood Picture, Clinical
Features of Beta Thalassemia Major
Probable Cases:
– A 8 year old girl presented with malaise and fatigue. On examination
yellowish sclera with hepatosplenomegaly noted. Family history
revealed similar complaints in her sibling also. Her Hemoglobin level
is 7.8 g/dl. X-Ray skull showed “crewcut” appearance.

Page: 46
Short Notes

1. Megaloblastic Anemia ********** (Dec 23;Aug 15;Feb 09;Aug 08;Aug 06;Feb

06;Aug 04;Apr 99;Nov 98;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 651)
– Bone Marrow Picture of Vit B12 Deficiency, Pathophysiology
Probable Cases:
– A 20 year old female had hematocrit of 20%, reticulocytosis,
hyperbilirubinemia, peripheral smear revealed anisopoikilocytosis
and target cells.
2. Aplastic Anaemia ****** (Jul 23;Feb 23;Aug 13;Aug 05;Feb 05;Oct 97)
(Pg.No: 659)
– Etiology, Morphology of Bone Marrow
3. Iron Deficiency Anaemia (or) Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia ** (Aug
23;Aug 22) (Pg.No: 655)
– Laboratory Investigations and Diagnosis
– Hematological Findings
Probable Cases:
– A 30 year old female presented with menorrhagia. She has pallor,
koilonychia.
4. Pancytopenia ** (Aug 18;Oct 00) (RD4-Pg.No: 305)
– Causes
5. Polycythaemia Vera ** (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 624)
– Pathogenesis, Morphology, Clinical Features
6. Reticulocyte ** (Aug 17;Aug 05) (Pg.No: 637;RD4-Pg.No: 385)
7. Sickle Cell Anaemia ** (Aug 22;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 641)
– Sickle Cell
– Pathophysiology
Probable Cases:
– A 20 year old female had hematocrit of 20%, reticulocytosis,
hyperbilirubinemia, peripheral smear revealed anisopoikilocytosis
and target cells.
8. Auto Immune Hemolytic Anaemia (Feb 20) (Pg.No: 649)
– Laboratory Investigation
– Classification of Immunohemolytic Anemia
9. G-6-PD Deficiency Anaemia (Mar 02) (Pg.No: 640)
10. Hereditary Spherocytosis (Feb 22;Aug 07) (Pg.No: 638)
– Pathogenesis, Morphology and Blood Picture, Clinical Features

Page: 47
 White Blood Cells

Essays

1. Leukemia ******* (Aug 19;Feb 10;Feb 05;Nov 95;Nov 93;Jan 93;Dec 90)
(Pg.No: 590;Pg.No: 594;Pg.No: 597;Pg.No: 617;Pg.No: 622)
– Classify leukemias, Describe peripheral blood picture and bone
marrow findings in CML
– Classify leukemias, Describe peripheral blood picture and bone
marrow findings in ALL
– Classify leukemias, Describe blood and bone marrow findings in AML
2. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) **** (Jul 23;Aug 12;Aug 11;Aug 09) (Pg.No:
622)
– Diagnosis, Peripheral smear findings, Course of disease,
Chromosomal abnormality involved
– Clinical features, Peripheral smear and bone marrow findings,
Clinical outcome
– Diagnosis, Molecular basis of this disease, Morphological features,
Classify myeloproliferative neoplasms
Probable Cases:
– A 40 year old male with H/O chronic fatigue, weight loss since 6
months. O/E pallor, marked splenomegaly+, laboratory report shows
Hb 10 gm%, Total leukocyte count 215000/cu.mm Platelets 4
lakhs/cu.mm.
3. Multiple Myeloma ** (Feb 12;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 607)
– Diagnosis, Etiopathogenesis, Bone marrow changes, Lab
investigations, Complications
– Diagnosis, Molecular pathogenesis, Morphology, Clinical features
Probable Cases:
– A 60 year old male presented with normocytic normochromic
anaemia, pathological fracture of femur and proteinuria. X-ray skull
revealed punched out lesions in the calvarium and peripheral smear
studied show rouleaux formation.
– A 60 year old male presented with low back ache. He had multiple
lytic lesions of bones on skeletal survey. Serum electrophoresis and
bone narrow was done to establish diagnosis.

Page: 48
 4. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) (Aug 06) (Pg.No: 617)

– Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Lab investigations

5. Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders (Aug 07) (Pg.No: 621)

Short Notes

1. Multiple Myeloma ******* (Jul 23;Feb 23;Mar 22;Feb 22;Feb 19;Aug 13;Aug 11)
(Pg.No: 607)
– Blood and bone marrow picture
– -Morphology
Probable Cases:
– A 70 year old woman admitted with worsening anemia and
pathological fracture of the Humerus had an ESR of 120 mm/hr. Her
peripheral smear showed increased Rouleaux formation. X-ray of
skull showed multiple punched out osteolytic lesions.
2. Hodgkin's lymphoma ****** (Aug 22;Mar 22;Sep 21;Feb 15;Aug 13;Aug 07)
(Pg.No: 611)
– Classification of Hodgkin's lymphoma
– Morphology and types
– Pathological types
– Subtypes of Hodgkin's lymphoma
– Molecular pathogenesis and Morphology
– AETCOM: Empathising and Supporting your friend (18, M) with
Hodgkin's lymphoma
3. Leukemoid Reactions (or) Leukocytosis ****** (Aug 12;Aug 08;Aug 05;Apr
00;Apr 99;Nov 95) (Pg.No: 587;Pg.No: 102)
4. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) ***** (Mar 22;Nov 20;Feb 20;Aug 16;Apr
98) (Pg.No: 622)
– Blood picture of CML
– Mutations in CML
– Diagnosis, Diagram of peripheral smear, Common genetic
abnormality
Probable Cases:
– A 30 year old male presented with massive splenomegaly, His total
leukocyte count was 235,000 cells/cu.mm with more neutrophil
precursors. Platelet count was 1,80,000 cells/cu.mm.

Page: 49
5. Reed Sternberg Cell ***** (Feb 23;Aug 22;Aug 16;Feb 13;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 612)

– Variants
– Types
6. Acute Leukemia **** (Feb 20;Feb 11;Oct 00;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 594;Pg.No: 617)

– Classification
– Cytochemistry
– FAB classification
7. Agranulocytosis **** (Aug 22;Feb 16;Feb 13;Apr 98) (Pg.No: 586)

– Diagnosis, Pathogenesis
– Definition
Probable Cases:

– A 20 year old male following antibiotic intake had total leukocyte

count of 1200 cells/cu.mm and absolute neutrophil count of 120 cells.
8. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) *** (Aug 22;Aug 13;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 617)

– Classification
– WHO Classification
– Morphological classification
9. Leucocytes ** (Feb 12;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 241)

– Morphological disorder
– Defects in leucocyte function
10. Leukemia ** (Aug 09;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 590)

– Definition, FAB classification of leukemia

11. Myelodysplastic Syndrome ** (Feb 16;Aug 07) (Pg.No: 620)

12. Primary Myelofibrosis ** (Aug 15;Feb 12) (Pg.No: 626)

13. Russell Bodies ** (Feb 17;Aug 14) (Pg.No: 608)

14. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Aug 15) (Pg.No: 627)

15. Leucocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (Aug 14)

16. Nodular Sclerosis (Feb 06) (Pg.No: 612)

17. Pseudo Pelger-Huët Anomaly (Feb 12) (Pg.No: 620)

Page: 50
 Platelets

Essays

1. Thrombocytopaenia *** (Feb 14;Mar 02;Apr 98) (Pg.No: 663)

– Causes of thrombocytopaenia, Classification, Etiopathognenesis,
Enlist various tests for bleeding disorders
2. Bleeding Disorders (Nov 94) (Pg.No: 662)
– Classification, Discuss the laboratory investigation of these disorders

Short Notes

1. Idiopathic Thrombocytopaenic Purpura ****** (Aug 17;Feb 11;Aug 08;Feb

08;Feb 07;Mar 02) (Pg.No: 664)
2. Von Willibrand's Disease ****** (Jul 23;Aug 18;Feb 16;Feb 09;Feb 06;Oct 97)
(Pg.No: 668)
3. Hemophilia **** (Feb 17;Aug 14;Aug 11;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 668)
– Hemophilia A, Investigations necessary for diagnosis of Hemophilia
4. Anticoagulants *** (Feb 22;Aug 19;Feb 12)
– Various anti-coagulants utilized in clinical pathology lab for routine
blood investigations, Write about their mechanism, Uses
5. Cross Matching *** (Jul 23;Feb 12;Feb 10)
6. Complications of Blood Transfusion ** (Dec 23;Feb 05) (Pg.No: 671)
7. Bombay Blood Group ** (Nov 20;Aug 09)
8. Chronic Immune Thrombocytopaenic Purpura ** (Aug 22;Feb 12) (Pg.No:
664)
9. Prothrombin Time ** (Aug 13;Apr 98) (Pg.No: 662)
10. Transfusion Reactions ** (Aug 22;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 671)
– Classification, Investigation, Infection transmitted by blood
transfusion
11. Blood Bank (Feb 10)
– Blood components prepared in the blood bank
12. Christmas disease (or) Hemophilia B (Factor IX Deficiency) (Aug 12)
(Pg.No: 669)
13. Coagulation Disorders (Feb 20) (Pg.No: 667)
14. Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome (Sep 21)
(Pg.No: 666)
15. Pancytopaenia (Feb 18)

Page: 51
 Paper 2

Respiratory System

Essays

1. Lung Carcinoma **** (Aug 18;Feb 10;Nov 93;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 715)

– Diagnosis, Classification, Morphology, Paraneoplastic Syndrome

2. Bronchial Asthma (Nov 95) (Pg.No: 683)

Short Notes

1. Bronchiectasis ******** (Aug 22;Feb 18;Feb 16;Aug 13;Oct 00;Oct 99;Apr

98;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 687)

– Morphology
– Pathology
2. Pneumonia ******* (Jul 23;Aug 17;Aug 14;Feb 13;Aug 11;Aug 10;Aug 08)
(Pg.No: 706)

– Viral Pneumonia
– Bronchopneumonia
– Lobar Pneumonia
– Stages Of Consolidation Lung
3. Emphysema ***** (Mar 22;Nov 20;Feb 14;Feb 11;Apr 99) (Pg.No: 679)

– Types
– Etiology, Pathogenesis
4. Asbestosis **** (Feb 23;Feb 19;Feb 12;Aug 11) (Pg.No: 694)

5. Silicosis **** (Aug 19;Feb 17;Aug 10;Oct 99) (Pg.No: 693)

– Pathogenesis, Morphology
6. Asthma *** (Aug 22;Sep 21;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 683)

– Pathogenesis
7. Ghon's Complex *** (Feb 20;Aug 12;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 371)

Page: 52
 8. Mesothelioma *** (Feb 20;Aug 14;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 726)

9. Pneumoconiosis *** (Aug 17;Aug 16;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 691)

10. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) ** (Feb 22;Feb 08) (Pg.No:
676)

11. Chronic Bronchitis (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 681)

– Pathogenesis, Morphology
12. Good Pasture Syndrome (Feb 15) (Pg.No: 704)

13. Lung Abscess (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 711)

14. Oat Cell (or) Small Cell Carcinoma (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 718)

15. Primary Atypical Pneumonia (Oct 97) (Pg.No: 707)

16. Sarcoidosis (Feb 19) (Pg.No: 696)

Heart

Essays

1. Myocardial Infarction ******** (Feb 23;Aug 22;Feb 22;Feb 17;Feb 11;Aug

07;Oct 98;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 543)

– Ischemic Heart Disease, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Gross Changes,

Microscopic Changes, Electron Microscope Changes, Complications,
Investigations
Probable Cases:

– A 56 year old male experienced a prolonged chest pain-stabbing in

nature, radiating to the jaw and left arm and associated with
profuse sweating.
– A 50 year old man collapses suddenly while climbing the stairs with
severe chest pain and profuse sweating
– A 47 year old male presented with acute onset of dyspnea, profuse
sweating and chest pain radiating to the left shoulder. Lab
investigation revealed elevated troponin

Page: 53
 – A 50 year old male admitted in emergency care with chest pain,
profuse sweating and Rapid pulse.
– A 75 year old male presented with dyspnea and sweating of sudden
onset. He is a known hypertensive and diabetic for 15 years. On
examination he has weak pulse.
– A 45 year old male, known smoker and alcoholic with complaints of
chest pain presented to the emergency ward. His ECG was
abnormal.
– A 50 year old male sudden death, autopsy of the heart revealed
gray white area in left ventricle
– A 45 year old male, known smoker and alcoholic with complaints of
chest pain presented to the emergency ward. His ECG was abnormal
– A 75 year old male presented with dyspnea and sweating of sudden
onset. He is a known hypertensive and diabetic for 15 years. On
examination he has weak pulse.
2. Infective Endocarditis *** (Aug 18;Nov 01;Oct 99) (Pg.No: 563)
– Definition, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Morphology, Non-Infective
Vegetations
3. Rheumatic Heart Disease *** (Aug 12;Feb 09;Feb 05) (Pg.No: 560)

– Etiology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis, Morphology, Clinical Features

Short Notes

1. Rheumatic Fever **** (Aug 16;Oct 03;Apr 99;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 560)

2. Cardiomyopathy *** (Nov 20;Aug 09;Aug 07) (Pg.No: 567)

3. Infective Endocarditis *** (Aug 22;Feb 18;Jan 91) (Pg.No: 563)

4. Lab Investigations for MI *** (Feb 12;Feb 06;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 550)

5. Hypertensive Heart Disease ** (Feb 23;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 555)

6. Complications of MI (Feb 14) (Pg.No: 551)

7. Dilated Cardiomyopathy (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 568)

8. Morphological Changes in MI (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 547)

9. Tetralogy of Fallot (Apr 00) (Pg.No: 538)

10. Vegetations of Heart (Feb 12) (Pg.No: 564)

Page: 54
 Blood Vessels

Essays

1. Atherosclerosis ******** (Apr 23;Aug 19;Feb 14;Feb 07;Feb 05;Oct 03;Mar

02;Oct 97) (Pg.No: 493)
– Definition, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Morphology, Complications

Short Notes

1. Aneurysm **** (Feb 19;Aug 17;Aug 10;Apr 98) (Pg.No: 504)

2. Atherosclerotic Plaque **** (Sep 21;Feb 16;Aug 10;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 493)

3. Atherosclerosis ** (Jul 23;Aug 18) (Pg.No: 493)

4. Consequences of Atherosclerosis (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 502)

5. Dissecting Aneurysm (Feb 95) (Pg.No: 507)

6. Pathogenesis of Hypertension (Feb 15) (Pg.No: 489)

Gastrointestinal System

Essays

1. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) ******* (Feb 11;Feb 06;Aug 04;Nov 01;Apr
01;Apr 98;Jan 91) (Pg.No: 798)

– Etiopathogenesis, Gross and Microscopic Features, Complications of

Crohn's Disease, Difference between Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative
Colitis
– Macroscopic Features, Microscopic Features , Complications &
Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis
– Classification of IBD, Pathology of Crohn's Disease

Page: 55
2. Colorectal Cancer *** (Jul 23;Aug 14;Feb 08) (Pg.No: 813)

– Etiopathogenesis , Morphology
– Discuss various Neoplasms arising in Rectosigmoid, Morphological
Types, Staging System
Probable Cases:

– A 60 year old male, smoker, presented to OPD with complaints of

altered bowel habits with bleeding per rectum and abdominal pain.
Patient was referred to surgical oncologist and he suggested an
endoscopic Biopsy.
– A 65 year old male, presented with bleeding per Rectum.
Colonoscopy revealed a hard mass in rectosigmoid
– A 74 year old male, presented with altered bowel habits, tarry stool,
loss of weight, fatigue and weakness for 6 months duration. After an
endoscopic biopsy of colon, left sided hemicolectomy was done.
3. Chronic Gastritis (or) Chronic Gastric Ulcer (Peptic Ulcer Disease) ** (Aug
05;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 766)

– Definition of Peptic Ulcer, Sites of Occurrence of Peptic Ulcer,

Etiopathogenesis, Pathology, Complications of Chronic Gastric Ulcer
– Etiopathogenesis, Gross and Microscopic Features, Complications of
Peptic Ulcer Disease
4. Gastric Adenocarcinoma ** (Feb 14;Aug 07) (Pg.No: 774)

– Etiology, Pathological Changes

Probable Cases:

– A 60 year old male presented with anaemia, loss of weight,

persistent abdominal pain, abdominal distension and vomiting.
Upper GI endoscopy and biopsy done.
– A 52 year old male was admitted with persistent abdominal pain,
gastric distension and vomiting. He had a history of loss of appetite,
loss of weight and hematemesis.
5. Typhoid Ulcer (Apr 95) (Pg.No: 791)

– Etiopathogenesis, Pathology, Complications

Page: 56
Short Notes

1. Crohn's Disease (or) Regional Ileitis ********* (Aug 22;Feb 22;Feb 13;Aug
09;Aug 08;Oct 03;Apr 99;Oct 97;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 800)

– Etiopathogenesis, Morphological Features

2. Ulcerative Colitis ******** (Aug 13;Aug 12;Feb 12;Aug 08;Feb 05;Apr 00;Oct
99;Oct 98) (Pg.No: 801)

3. Chronic Gastritis (or) Chronic Gastric Ulcer (Helicobacter pylori Gastritis)

******* (Aug 22;Sep 21;Aug 19;Aug 15;Aug 14;Feb 10;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 766)

4. Gastric Adenocarcinoma (or) Gastric Cancer ****** (Mar 22;Aug 19;Feb

16;Aug 11;Feb 06;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 774)

– Morphological Classification, Microscopic Findings, Linitis Plastica

– Pathogenesis, Morphology
Probable Cases:

– A 55 year old male, with C/O weight loss and dyspepsia. Endoscopy
revealed an ulcerative lesion in antrum.
5. Barett's Esophagus **** (Feb 18;Aug 12;Aug 08;Feb 07) (Pg.No: 761)

6. Peptic Ulcer Disease **** (Feb 23;Aug 22;Feb 19;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 770)
– Pathomorphology
– Morphology , Complications
Probable Cases:
– A 30 year old male, presented with heart burns and dyspepsia. A
breath test and biopsy were ordered to confirm the diagnosis.
7. Carcinoid Syndrome *** (Aug 14;Feb 10;Apr 99) (Pg.No: 778)

8. Benign and Malignant Gastric Ulcer ** (Feb 20;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 0)

9. Hirschsprung’s Disease (or) Congenital Megacolon ** (Feb 17;Oct 03)

(Pg.No: 755)

– Pathology, Morphology, Clinical Features

10. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ** (Feb 18;Aug 15) (Pg.No: 773)

11. Amoebic Dysentery Colon (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 797)

– Gross Features, Microscopic Features

Page: 57
 12. Celiac Disease (or) Celiac Sprue (Apr 00) (Pg.No: 784)

13. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Syndrome (Aug 15) (Pg.No: 812)

14. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) (Aug 07) (Pg.No: 798)

15. Juvenile Polyps (Sep 21) (Pg.No: 808)

16. Neoplastic Polyps of Large Intestine (Apr 96) (Pg.No: 810)

17. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 809)

18. Whipple's Disease (Feb 12) (Pg.No: 794)

Liver, Gall bladder and Pancreas

Essays

1. Liver Cirrhosis ******** (Aug 10;Feb 08;Aug 06;Oct 03;Oct 99;Nov 95;Nov
94;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 828)

– Definition, Classification, Morphological Features of Most Common

Type
– Classification of Cirrhosis, Etiopathogenesis of Portal Cirrhosis,
Pathology of Portal Cirrhosis
– Definition, Classification, Etiopathogenesis of Alcoholic Cirrhosis,
Pathology of Alcoholic Cirrhosis, Complications
– Postmortem Appearances of Liver Cirrhosis
– Definition, Classification, Pathology and Pathogenesis of any one
type
– Etiological Classification, Gross Features and Microscopic Features of
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
2. Alcoholic Liver Disease (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 842)

– Investigation, Effect of Alcohol on Liver, Morphology, Clinical Features,

Complications
Probable Cases:

– A 50 year male alcoholic presented with jaundice.

Page: 58
 3. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Aug 07) (Pg.No: 868) Probable Cases:
– 52 year male was admitted with persistent abdominal pain, gastric
distention and vomiting. He had history of loss of appetite, loss of
weight and haematemesis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
4. Tumors of Liver (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 865)
5. Viral Hepatitis (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 831)
– Etiopathogenesis, Serological Evaluation

Short Notes

1. Cholelithiasis ********** (Aug 22;Sep 21;Feb 19;Feb 16;Feb 15;Aug 13;Feb

12;Aug 11;Aug 10;Feb 09;Aug 08;Aug 04;Oct 03;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 873)
– Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Types of Gall Stones, Morphology, Clinical
Features, Complications
– Pathological Effects
– Risk Factors
2. Alcoholic Liver Disease ******** (Feb 23;Aug 18;Feb 17;Feb 14;Feb 07;Aug
04;Oct 98;Nov 95) (Pg.No: 842)
– Pathogenesis, Stages, Morphology, Clinical Features
– Morphology
3. Chronic Hepatitis ******** (Aug 12;Feb 05;Aug 04;Oct 03;Mar 02;Nov 01;Apr
99;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 837)
– Chronic Active Viral Hepatitis
4. Haemochromatosis ****** (Jul 23;Aug 09;Feb 09;Feb 08;Aug 04;Mar 02)
(Pg.No: 848)
5. Acute Pancreatitis ***** (Nov 20;Aug 17;Aug 13;Feb 12;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 882)
– Morphology
– Causes
– Etiological Factors
– Aetiology, Pathology
6. Hepatitis ***** (Feb 23;Feb 09;Oct 97;Oct 97;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 831)
– Laboratory Diagnosis
– Hepatitis B
Probable Cases:
– A 30 year male presented with yellowish discolouration of
conjunctiva. He had history of blood transfusion (multiple units) in
the recent few months following RTA as an emergency.

Page: 59
7. Hepatocellular Carcinoma **** (Aug 22;Aug 10;Aug 09;Aug 07) (Pg.No:
868)

– Etiology
– Gross Features, Microscopic Features
8. Liver Cirrhosis *** (Aug 22;Feb 10;Apr 98) (Pg.No: 828)

– Pathogenesis, Classification, Morphology, Complications

– Complications
– Etiological Classification
9. Alcoholic Cirrhosis ** (Nov 20;Aug 05) (Pg.No: 842)

– Pathology
10. Chronic Pancreatitis ** (Aug 19;Feb 06) (Pg.No: 886)

11. Fatty Liver ** (Aug 05;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 842)

– Pathology
12. Wilson Disease ** (Aug 22;Feb 18) (Pg.No: 850)

13. Acute Cholecystitis (Aug 22) (Pg.No: 875) Probable Cases:

– A 40 year old obese female with complaints of severe abdominal

pain radiating to the right shoulder. Ultrasound was done and she
was advised Cholecystectomy by the surgeon.
14. Ascitic Fluid Cytology (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 829;PA-prtpat, 3rd Edition, Volume 1,
Pg.No: 157)

15. Autoimmune Cholangiopathies (Pg.No: 857)

– Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

– Differentiate Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing
Cholangitis
16. Benign Neoplasms of Liver (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 866)

17. Biliary Cirrhosis (Feb 15) (Pg.No: 857)

18. Bridging Necrosis of Liver (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 844)

19. Cholangiocarcinoma (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 871)

20. Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas (Pg.No: 881)

Page: 60
 21. Ground Glass Hepatocytes (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 837)
22. Hepatic Failure (Pg.No: 826)
23. Hereditary Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 853)
24. Kayser-Fleischer Ring (Feb 22) (Pg.No: 850)
25. Kernicterus (Aug 19)
26. Laennec Cirrhosis (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 843)
27. Mallory Bodies (Feb 12) (Pg.No: 843)
28. Metabolic Cirrhosis (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 848)
29. Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Pg.No: 846)
30. Portal Hypertension (Pg.No: 828)
31. Pseudocyst (Non-neoplastic Cysts of Pancreas) (Pg.No: 888)
32. Tumors of Pancreas (Pg.No: 888)

Kidney

Essays

1. Acute Proliferative Nephritis ******* (Feb 19;Aug 12;Aug 10;Aug 06;Feb

05;Oct 00;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 906)
– Etiopathogenesis, Pathology, Morphology, Clinical Features, Lab
Diagnosis
– Mechanisms of Glomerular Injury
– Classifications of Nephritis
Probable Cases:
– A 10 year old child is admitted with puffiness of face, oliguria and
smoky urine.
– A 12 year old boy presented with fever, oliguria and high coloured
urine. He had sore throat three weeks back.
– A 8 year old boy with old scar of scabies skin lesion, with history of
Haematuria, Oliguria and Puffiness of face.
– A 3 year old child was hospitalized for the complaints of fever and
passing smoky urine. The child had recovered from sore throat a
week ago.

Page: 61
 2. Nephrotic Syndrome ** (Aug 11;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 911)
– Etiopathogenesis, Pathogenesis, Complications
– Minimal change disease
Probable Cases:

– A 13 year old female child had massive edema with puffiness of face
with decreased urine output.
3. Chronic Pyelonephritis (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 930)

Short Notes

1. Crescentic Glomerulonephritis ***** (Aug 14;Aug 13;Feb 09;Feb 08;Apr 94)

(Pg.No: 909)

– Goodpasture Syndrome
2. Acute Pyelonephritis **** (Sep 21;Aug 14;Feb 09;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 928)

– Morphology
– Drug Induced Nephropathy
3. Nephroma (or) Renal Cell Carcinoma **** (Feb 12;Aug 08;Aug 04;Jan 91)
(Pg.No: 948)

– Morphology
– Clear Cell Carcinoma of Kidney
4. Contracted Granular Kidney *** (Feb 15;Apr 01;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 941)

5. Diabetic Nephropathy *** (Jul 23;Feb 11;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 923)

6. Cystic Kidney Diseases ** (Aug 18;Aug 16) (Pg.No: 941)

7. Renal Calculi ** (Aug 08;Feb 07) (Pg.No: 947)

– Classification, Features
8. Acute Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (Nov 94) (Pg.No: 906)

– Urinary Findings
9. Acute Tubular Injury (Mar 02) (Pg.No: 924)

10. Chronic Pyelonephritis (Feb 10) (Pg.No: 930)

11. IgA Nephropathy (or) Berger Disease (Aug 22) (Pg.No: 920)

12. Urinary Casts (Apr 98) (Pg.No: 900)

Page: 62
 Male Genital Tract

Essays

1. Testicular tumour (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 969)

– Classification, Etiopathogenesis
Probable Cases:

– A 50 year old male, presented with painless testicular swelling with

loss of testicular sensation.

Short Notes

1. Seminoma of Testis **** (Jan 23;Nov 20;Feb 14;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 970)

– Define Seminoma and its types

– Spermatocytic Seminoma
– Gross and Microscopic picture of Seminoma
2. Bowen's Disease of Skin ** (Feb 13;Aug 12) (Pg.No: 965)

3. Cryptorchidism ** (Feb 20;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 966)

4. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) (Aug 22) (Pg.No: 976)

– Morphological findings in BPH
Probable Cases:
– A 80 year old male, presented with history of dysuria & urgency of
urine. USG Shows enlarged prostate with raised PSA level.
5. Carcinoma of Penis (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 964)
– Microscopic features , Pre-neoplastic conditions
Probable Cases:
– A 45 year old male, presented with cauliflower like growth in penis.
Also had multiple inguinal nodes.
6. Testicular Tumors (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 969)
– What are the differential diagnosis?, Draw the microscopic findings in
this condition
Probable Cases:
– A 40 year old male, presented with testicular mass.

Page: 63
 Female Genital Tract

Essays

1. Ovarian Neoplasms **** (Dec 23;Aug 17;Aug 13;Feb 12) (Pg.No: 1016)
– Classification, Note on Germ Cell Tumors
– Classification, Molecular Pathogenesis & Morphology of Serous
tumors
2. Carcinoma of Cervix ** (Feb 20;Feb 08) (Pg.No: 998)
– Probable diagnosis, Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Investigation
done to confirm diagnosis
– Probable diagnosis, Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features
Probable Cases:
– A 60 year old female, postmenopausal, anorexic, cachectic women
has ulcerated & friable cervix that bleeds on touch. Features
accompanied by foul smelling vaginal discharge.

Short Notes

1. Endometriosis ***** (Sep 21;Aug 18;Feb 17;Aug 13;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 1004)

– Definition, 4 Sites involved

2. Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia **** (Feb 18;Feb 15;Feb 14;Feb 10) (Pg.No:
997)

3. Hydatidiform Mole **** (Feb 22;Aug 14;Feb 14;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 1033)

– Sites of Ectopic Gestation

4. Teratoma of Ovary **** (Feb 23;Aug 22;Nov 20;Feb 12) (Pg.No: 1023)

– What is Teratoma?, Common sites involved

– Classification, Pathomorphology of Teratoma of Ovary
– Gross features of Mature Cystic Teratoma
– Morphology, Belongs to which group of Ovarian lesions, Enumerate
other lesions
Probable Cases:

– A 15 year old female, presented with unilateral Ovarian Mass. Gross

examination revealed hair in it.

Page: 64
 5. Carcinoma of Cervix *** (Jul 23;Feb 11;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 996)

– Etiology
6. Dysgerminoma *** (Aug 19;Feb 11;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 1024)

– Microscopic features
7. Ovarian Tumors *** (Aug 17;Feb 16;Jul 10) (Pg.No: 1017)

– Surface epithelial Tumors

8. Germ Cell Tumours of Ovary ** (Feb 20;Feb 16) (Pg.No: 1023)

9. Krukenberg Tumor ** (Jul 23;Feb 13) (Pg.No: 1028)

10. Struma Ovarii ** (Aug 22;Aug 13) (Pg.No: 1024)

11. Dermoid Cyst (or) Mature (Benign) Teratoma of Ovary (Aug 11) (Pg.No:
1023)

12. Endometrial Hyperplasia (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 1006)

13. Malignant Tumors of Endometrium (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 1008)

– Types of Endometrial tumors

14. Role of Pap Smear in Cancer Screening (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 1000)

15. Sex Cord Stromal Tumors of Ovary (Aug 15) (Pg.No: 1026)

Breast

Essays

1. Breast Carcinoma ******** (Jul 23;Aug 22;Mar 22;Feb 18;Feb 12;Aug 07;Apr
95;Jan 91) (Pg.No: 1046)

– Pathogenesis, Classification, Morphology, Prognostic and Predictive

factors, Staging and Spread
Probable Cases:

– A 44 year old nulliparous women presented with hard, fixed non

tender mass of about 6x4x4 cm in the upper quadrant of right breast
with axillary lymphadenopathy. FNAC revealed cluster of
pleomorphic cells.

Page: 65
Short Notes

1. Phyllodes Tumor (or) Cystosarcoma Phylloides ******** (Aug 19;Feb

14;Aug 12;Aug 11;Aug 09;Aug 06;Jan 05;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 1062) Probable Cases:

– A 60 year old female presented with complaints of a unilateral

breast lump on right side, which suddenly increased in size for the
past few days. On histology, Leaf-like Architecture was seen.
2. Paget's Disease of Breast *** (Sep 21;Mar 02;Apr 99) (Pg.No: 1053)

3. Prognostic and Predictive factors of Breast Carcinoma *** (Jul 23;Aug

16;Aug 13) (Pg.No: 1058)

4. Acute Mastitis ** (Pg.No: 1040) Probable Cases:

– A postnatal mother after few days of breastfeeding came with

complaints of painful and erythematous breasts and fever.
5. Gynecomastia ** (Aug 09;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 1044) Probable Cases:

– A 50 year old male who is an alcoholic for the past 20 years was
diagnosed to have Liver Cirrhosis. On examination, There is a sub-
areolar enlargement of Breast.
6. Benign Diseases of Breast (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 1042)

7. Comedocarcinoma of Breast (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 1053)

8. Etiopathogenesis of Breast Carcinoma (Apr 96) (Pg.No: 1047)

9. Fibroadenoma (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 1062) Probable Cases:

– A 29 year old female, Multipara is under Cyclosporin treatment due

to renal Transplantation. She presented with a mobile well
circumscribed mass with rubbery in consistency in both Breasts.
10. Fibrocystic Disease of Breast (Aug 05) (Pg.No: 1042)

11. Risk Factors and Types of Breast Carcinoma (Feb 17) (Pg.No: 1046)

12. Stromal Tumours of Breast (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 1061)

– Types

Page: 66
 Endocrinology

Essays

1. Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid *** (Aug 22;Sep 21;Aug 11) (Pg.No: 1086)

– Classify Thyroid Neoplasms, Pathogenesis of Malignant Thyroid

Neoplasm, Morphology of Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid
2. Diabetes Mellitus ** (Feb 15;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 1097)

– Etiopathogenesis, Complications
– Definition, Types, Pathophysiology, Morphology, Complications
3. Cushing Syndrome (Feb 19) (Pg.No: 1115)

Short Notes

1. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ********** (Aug 17;Feb 14;Aug 12;Aug 09;Feb 08;Oct

03;Apr 01;Oct 00;Apr 99;Apr 97;Nov 94;Nov 93;Jan 91) (Pg.No: 1078)
– Pathogenesis, Morphology, Clinical Features
2. Pheochromocytoma ******* (Aug 18;Aug 13;Aug 11;Feb 10;Aug 09;Feb 09;Feb
05) (Pg.No: 1127)
3. Diabetic Nephropathy ****** (Jul 23;Feb 14;Aug 11;Aug 07;Nov 01;Apr 00)
(Pg.No: 1110)
4. Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid ****** (Feb 20;Feb 12;Feb 11;Aug 10;Feb
10;Aug 05) (Pg.No: 1088)
5. Diabetes Mellitus *** (Feb 17;Aug 10;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 1101)
– Pathogenesis, Complications
– Lab Diagnosis
6. Graves’ Disease *** (Feb 18;Feb 16;Feb 06) (Pg.No: 1081) Probable Cases:
– A 30 year old female presented with Diarrhea, Weight loss, Protruding
eye balls and Thyromegaly
7. Hyperparathyroidism ** (Feb 17;Oct 99) (Pg.No: 1093)

8. Medullary Carcinoma Thyroid ** (Nov 01;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 1091)

9. MEN Syndrome ** (Jul 23;Apr 95) (Pg.No: 1129)

10. Multinodular Goiter ** (Aug 06;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 1083)

11. Zollinger Ellison Syndrome ** (Feb 18;Aug 15) (Pg.No: 1114)

Page: 67
 12. Addison's Disease (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 1123)

13. Colloid Goiter (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 1083)

14. Cretinism (Aug 08) (Pg.No: 1078)

15. Diabetic Macrovascular Disease (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 1109)

16. Diabetic Microangiopathy (Aug 15) (Pg.No: 1109)

17. Diabetic Retinopathy (Aug 08) (Pg.No: 1111)

18. FNAC in Thyroid Lesions (Jul 23)

– FNAC Importance, FNAC Applications
19. Immune Thyroiditis (Aug 04) (Pg.No: 1078)

20. Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Aug 04) (Pg.No: 1101)

21. Neoplasms of Thyroid (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 1084)

22. Pancreatic Changes in Diabetes Mellitus (Oct 03) (Pg.No: 1108)

23. Thyroiditis (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 1078)

– Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, Subacute Lymphocytic (painless) Thyroiditis,
Granulomatous Thyroiditis

Skin

Short Notes

1. Basal Cell Carcinoma ***** (Feb 23;Feb 18;Aug 13;Feb 12;Feb 08) (Pg.No:
1147)

2. Malignant Melanoma *** (Jul 23;Nov 20;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 1139)

3. Granular Cell Tumour (Aug 14)

4. Intradermal Naevus (Feb 10) (Pg.No: 1136)

5. Premalignant Lesions (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 1136)

6. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Feb 20) (Pg.No: 1146)

Page: 68
 Bones, Joints and Soft Tissue Tumors

Essays

1. Bone Tumors ** (Feb 23;Nov 20) (Pg.No: 1187;RD4-Pg.No: 841)

– Classification
– Etiopathogenesis and Pathology of Osteogenic Sarcoma
– Genetic Alterations and Morphology of Osteosarcoma
– Radiological Findings in Various Bone Tumors
Probable Cases:
– A 15 year old male presented with lytic lesion lower end of femur. X-
Ray revealed Codman’s triangle and sun ray appearance.

Short Notes

1. Osteosarcoma (or) Osteogenic Sarcoma ******* (Feb 20;Aug 09;Aug

07;Oct 03;Oct 00;Oct 98;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 1188) Probable Cases:
– A 15 year old male presented with lytic lesion lower end of femur. X-
Ray revealed Codman’s triangle and sun ray appearance.
2. Ewing Sarcoma ****** (Dec 23;Aug 22;Feb 14;Apr 01;Oct 97;Nov 95) (Pg.No:
1192)
3. Osteoclastoma (or) Giant Cell Tumor ***** (Dec 23;Feb 17;Feb 12;Aug
08;Mar 02) (Pg.No: 1193) Probable Cases:
– A 30 year old female with lytic lesion in distal ulna and X-ray
revealed soap bubble appearance.
4. Cartilage Forming (or) Chondrogenic Tumors **** (Feb 23;Feb 15;Aug
10;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 1189)
5. Chondroblastoma **** (Aug 14;Aug 11;Oct 03;Mar 02) (Pg.No: 1187)
6. Gout **** (Feb 19;Aug 18;Feb 16;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 1204)
7. Osteomyelitis **** (Aug 22;Aug 11;Aug 06;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 1185;RD4-Pg.No:
836)
– Acute Osteomyelitis
– Chronic Osteomyelitis
8. Paget Disease of Bone *** (Feb 11;Feb 08;Feb 08) (Pg.No: 1182)
9. Rhabdomyosarcoma *** (Feb 22;Aug 14;Oct 97) (Pg.No: 1212)
10. Fracture Healing ** (Aug 13;Aug 12) (Pg.No: 1184)
11. Osteochondroma ** (Jul 23;Feb 13) (Pg.No: 1189)

Page: 69
 12. Adamantinoma Jaw (Aug 14)
13. Leiomyoma (Aug 08) (Pg.No: 1213)
14. Lipoma (Pg.No: 1209)
15. Liposarcoma (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 1209)
16. Mycobacterial (or) Tuberculous Osteomyelitis (Aug 95) (Pg.No: 1186;RD4-
Pg.No: 839)
17. Osteonecrosis (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 1185)
18. Pyogenic Osteomyelitis (Aug 10) (Pg.No: 1185;RD4-Pg.No: 836)
19. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Feb 22) (Pg.No: 1199)

Central Nervous System

Short Notes

1. Meningioma ********** (Jul 23;Aug 17;Feb 12;Feb 08;Aug 06;Feb 05;Mar

02;Apr 01;Oct 00;Oct 97;Nov 95) (Pg.No: 1300)

2. Glioblastoma ****** (Dec 23;Jul 23;Aug 19;Aug 15;Oct 98;Apr 95) (Pg.No:
1293)

3. Tuberculous Meningitis **** (Aug 11;Oct 03;Nov 01;Apr 95) (Pg.No: 1263)

4. Astrocytoma *** (Aug 09;Aug 05;Apr 95) (Pg.No: 1293)

5. Pyogenic Meningitis *** (Feb 14;Feb 10;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 1262)

6. Paraganglioma ** (Feb 22;Feb 12) (Pg.No: 746)

7. Pilocytic Astrocytoma ** (Aug 12;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 1296)

8. Prion Diseases (or) Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJ) Disease ** (Aug 14;Aug 13)

(Pg.No: 1273)

9. Brain Tumors (Nov 93) (Pg.No: 1293)

10. Examination of CSF (Apr 01) (Pg.No: 1261)

11. Medulloblastoma (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 1298)

12. Meningitis (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 1261) Probable Cases:

– A 10 year old male child presented to paediatric OPD with complaints

of fever for the last 10 days with projectile vomiting and irritable
mood.

Page: 70
 Microbiology

Paper 1

General Microbiology

Essays

1. Immuno-prophylaxis of Viral Diseases (or) Viral Vaccines ** (Pg.No: 82)

2. Bacterial Cell Wall (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 14)

– Morphology, Diagram, Functions of various appendages

3. Bacterial Growth Curve (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 19)

– Factors affecting the growth of bacteria

4. Culture Media (Nov 20) (Pg.No: 27)

– Types, Anaerobic culture media

5. Methods of Gene Transfer (Feb 18) (Pg.No: 44)

6. Physiology of Bacteria (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 19)

Short Notes

1. Anaerobic Culture Media ******** (Sep 21;Feb 16;Feb 14;Feb 12;Aug 11;Feb
11;Aug 10;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 28)

2. Bacterial Growth Curve ****** (Nov 20;Aug 16;Aug 14;Aug 12;Feb 12;Feb 10)
(Pg.No: 19)

– Factors affecting growth of bacteria

3. Enriched Media ****** (Feb 22;Aug 18;Feb 16;Feb 14;Feb 10;Aug 08) (Pg.No:
27)

4. Louis Pasteur ****** (Sep 21;Nov 20;Aug 17;Feb 15;Feb 11;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 4)

5. Bacterial Capsule ***** (Aug 17;Feb 14;Aug 10;Feb 10;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 17)

Page: 71
6. Bacterial Spores ***** (Pg.No: 18)

7. Flagella ***** (Sep 21;Feb 15;Feb 13;Feb 12;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 17)

– Types
– Bacteria having peritrichous flagella
8. Mutation ***** (Jul 23;Aug 18;Aug 12;Aug 11;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 44)

9. Plasmid ***** (Feb 20;Aug 14;Feb 13;Aug 10;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 44)

10. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ***** (Aug 19;Aug 16;Feb 15;Aug 13;Feb
12) (Pg.No: 39)

11. Robert Koch ***** (Jul 23;Feb 22;Feb 19;Feb 16;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 4)

– Koch's postulates
12. Selective Media ***** (Feb 15;Feb 14;Feb 13;Aug 12;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 28)

13. Transport Media ***** (Jul 23;Aug 22;Aug 14;Feb 12;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 28)

14. Exotoxins **** (Feb 18;Feb 14;Feb 13;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 60)

– Bacteria producing exotoxins

– Exotoxin producing shigella species
15. Transposons **** (Jul 23;Aug 22;Feb 19;Aug 11) (Pg.No: 48)

16. Electron Microscope *** (Jul 23;Feb 15;Aug 11) (Pg.No: 9)

17. Fluorescence Microscope *** (Feb 23;Feb 20;Feb 16) (Pg.No: 8)

– Working Mechanism
– Uses
– Principles
18. Genetic engineering *** (Feb 23;Aug 22;Feb 18) (Pg.No: 48)

– Definition, Procedure and application, Recombinant DNA technology

in vaccine production
19. Negative Staining *** (Feb 22;Aug 13;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 23)

20. Antimicrobial Resistance ** (Nov 20;Aug 12) (Pg.No: 51)

21. Bacterial Virulence ** (Feb 17;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 58)

22. Conjugation ** (Aug 15;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 47)

Page: 72
23. Darkground Microscope ** (Aug 19;Feb 12) (Pg.No: 7)
– Uses
24. Enrichment Broth ** (Aug 16;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 27)
25. Fimbriae ** (Feb 23;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 18)
26. Mycoplasma ** (Feb 14;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 18;Pg.No: 69)
– Lab Diagnosis
27. Nucleic Acid Probes ** (Feb 16;Aug 12) (Pg.No: 41)
28. Pasteurization ** (Aug 19;Aug 09)
29. Phase Contrast Microscope ** (Jul 23;Aug 22) (Pg.No: 7)
– Working mechanism
– Principle
30. Transduction ** (Aug 13;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 45)
– Mechanism, Types
31. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) (Pg.No: 35)

32. Bacterial Cell Wall (Feb 16) (Pg.No: 14)

– Difference between bacterial cell wall of Gram Positive and Gram
Negative bacteria
33. Biofilm (Pg.No: 17)

34. Chocolate Agar (Aug 17) (Pg.No: 27)

35. Commensals (Aug 18) (Pg.No: 108)

36. Culture Media (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 27)

37. Difference Between Exotoxin and Endotoxin (Aug 08) (Pg.No: 59)

38. Differential Media (Aug 22) (Pg.No: 28)

39. Differential Stains (Aug 22) (Pg.No: 24)

40. Dimorphic Fungi (Pg.No: 101)

41. Gene Transfer (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 44)

– Various methods of gene transfer
– Transformation
42. Identification of Bacteria (Feb 20) (Pg.No: 32)

43. IMVIC test (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 33)

44. Indole Test (Sep 21) (Pg.No: 33)

Page: 73
45. L-forms of Bacteria (Pg.No: 18)

46. Lab Diagnosis of Viral Diseases (Pg.No: 77)

47. Lord Lister (Pg.No: 4)

48. Modified Acid-Fast Staining (Nov 20) (Pg.No: 25)

49. Non-Sporing Anaerobic Infections (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 68)

50. Opportunistic Fungal Infections (Pg.No: 105)

51. Oxidase Test (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 33)

52. Pleomorphism (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 18)

53. Slime Layer (Nov 20) (Pg.No: 17)

54. Sporicidal Chemicals (Pg.No: 19)

55. Stool Concentration Techniques (Pg.No: 93)

56. Transferrable Drug Resistance (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 55)

57. Urease Test (Aug 08) (Pg.No: 34)

58. Uses of Gram Stain (Aug 10) (Pg.No: 24)

59. Viral Replication (Pg.No: 73)

Page: 74
 Immunology

Essays

1. Antigen Antibody Reaction **** (Dec 23;Aug 10;Jun 08;Mar 02) (Pg.No:
136;AP3-Pg.No: 152)

– Definition, Precipitation Reaction

2. Anaphylaxis (Pg.No: 176)

3. Antibody (Apr 01) (Pg.No: 129)

– Definition, Antibody Synthesis in Human Immune System, Functions

of Different Immunoglobulins
4. Complement (Feb 16) (Pg.No: 146)

– Definition, Alternate C Pathway, Biological effects of Complement,

Genetic deficiencies of Complement
5. Hypersensitivity Reactions (Aug 08) (Pg.No: 174)

– Definition and Classification, Hypersensitivity Type 1

6. Immunity (Aug 05) (Pg.No: 119)

– Types, Acquired Immunity

7. Immunofluorescence (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 143)

Short Notes

1. Mechanism of Autoimmunity ****** (Feb 18;Aug 14;Aug 10;Apr 08;Nov

01;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 182)

2. Monoclonal Antibody ***** (Aug 13;Feb 13;Aug 09;Feb 08;Apr 97) (Pg.No:
133;AP3-Pg.No: 149)

3. Graft vs Host Reactions **** (Aug 17;Aug 16;Aug 10;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 190)

4. Immunofluorescence **** (Feb 08;Aug 03;Oct 00;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 143)

5. Immunoglobulin M **** (Feb 22;Aug 19;Aug 12;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 131)

6. Adjuvant *** (Aug 11;Feb 10;Dec 90) (Pg.No: 126)

7. ELISA *** (Feb 20;Feb 06;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 140)

Page: 75
8. Hypersensitivity Type 4 *** (Aug 16;Aug 10;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 179;AP3-Pg.No:
200)

9. Immunoglobulin E *** (Feb 10;Aug 05;Dec 90) (Pg.No: 133)

10. T-Cells and B-Cells *** (Aug 12;Feb 11;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 155)

11. Tumor Antigens *** (Sep 21;Aug 15;Aug 13) (Pg.No: 193)

12. Active Immunity ** (Aug 14;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 122)

13. Agglutination Reaction ** (Feb 12;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 138)

14. Alternate Compliment Pathway ** (Aug 13;Aug 05) (Pg.No: 147)

15. Complement Deficiency Disease ** (Feb 19;Aug 18) (Pg.No: 150)

16. Hapten ** (Sep 23;Feb 16) (Pg.No: 125;AP3-Pg.No: 140)

17. HLA Typing ** (Aug 19;Aug 18) (Pg.No: 161)

18. Hypersensitivity Type 3 ** (Aug 13;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 178)

19. Immunoglobulin A ** (Feb 09;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 132;AP3-Pg.No: 147)

20. Immunoglobulin G ** (Feb 19;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 131;AP3-Pg.No: 146)

21. Innate Immunity ** (Aug 12;Feb 06) (Pg.No: 119)

22. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) (or) Human Leucocyte

Antigens (HLA) ** (Aug 11;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 161;AP3-Pg.No: 178)

23. Non-Organ Specific Autoimmune Disorder ** (Aug 14;Feb 11) (Pg.No:

183;AP3-Pg.No: 206)

24. Passive Agglutination Test ** (Feb 13;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 139)

25. T Lymphocyte ** (Aug 04;Nov 95) (Pg.No: 155)

26. T-Cell Subsets ** (Oct 97;Oct 96) (Pg.No: 157)

27. Western Blot ** (Feb 17;Feb 13) (Pg.No: 144)

28. Abnormal Immunoglobulins (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 133)

29. Acquired Immunity (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 122)

30. Affinity and Avidity (Aug 18) (Pg.No: 136)

Page: 76
31. Agglutination Reaction (Aug 15) (Pg.No: 138)

32. Allograft Rejection (Feb 14) (Pg.No: 189;AP3-Pg.No: 213)

33. Biological Functions of Complement (Aug 08) (Pg.No: 149)

34. C Reactive Protein (Aug 18) (Pg.No: 121)

35. CD8+ T-Cell (Feb 17) (Pg.No: 157)

36. Cell Mediated Immunity (Apr 97) (Pg.No: 168)

37. Combined Immunodeficiency Disorders (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 186;AP3-Pg.No:

210)

38. Cytokines (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 162)

39. Herd Immunity (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 124)

40. Heterophile Antigen (Apr 92) (Pg.No: 126)

41. Humoral Immunity (Nov 95) (Pg.No: 171)

42. Hypersensitivity Type 2 (Feb 06) (Pg.No: 177)

43. Immunological Tolerance (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 182;AP3-Pg.No: 203)

44. Lymphokines (Dec 90) (Pg.No: 162)

45. Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) (Feb 18) (Pg.No: 154)

46. Natural Killer (NK) Cell (Nov 20) (Pg.No: 158)

47. Passive Immunity (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 123)

48. Precipitation Reaction (Aug 15) (Pg.No: 138;AP3-Pg.No: 153)

49. Structure and Function of B-Cell (Aug 16) (Pg.No: 171;AP3-Pg.No: 174)

50. Superantigens (Aug 10) (Pg.No: 127)

Page: 77
 Hospital Infection Control

Essays

1. Sterilization **** (Aug 14;Feb 11;Aug 09;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 222;AP3-Pg.No: 253)

– Definition and Classification, Moist Heat sterilization

– Chemical Methods
– Sterilization by Heat
2. Disinfection (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 220;Pg.No: 226)

– Definition and Properties of an Ideal Disinfectant, Disinfecting agents

and their applications

Short Notes

1. Cold Sterilization ****** (Jul 23;Feb 20;Feb 19;Feb 15;Feb 09;Feb 08) (Pg.No:
223)

2. Heat Sterilization ***** (Feb 23;Feb 22;Aug 18;Aug 15;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 222)

3. Hot Air Oven **** (Feb 10;Feb 09;Feb 08;Aug 05) (Pg.No: 225)

4. Gas Sterilization *** (Aug 22;Feb 20;Feb 18) (Pg.No: 223)

5. Nosocomial Infections ** (Aug 10;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 203;AP3-Pg.No: 241)

6. Chemical Disinfectants (Aug 16) (Pg.No: 226)

7. High Level Disinfection (Feb 17) (Pg.No: 226)

8. Moist Heat Sterilization (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 222)

9. Testing of Disinfectant (Nov 01) (Pg.No: 229)

Page: 78
 Skin, Soft tissues and Musculoskeletal System Infections

Essays

1. Herpes Virus ******* (Aug 15;Aug 14;Aug 08;Aug 06;Aug 04;Apr 01;Apr 95)
(Pg.No: 459;AP3-Pg.No: 550)

– Classification, Morphology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

2. Bacillus anthracis *** (Aug 07;Mar 02;Oct 00) (Pg.No: 449;AP3-Pg.No: 539)

– Morphology, Cultural Characters, Pathogenesis, Laboratory Diagnosis

3. Gas Gangrene *** (Feb 23;Mar 22;Aug 07) (Pg.No: 439;AP3-Pg.No: 529)

– Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestation, Laboratory Diagnosis,

Management
Probable Cases:

– Following RTA, edema, crushed muscles & pain. On palpation,

crepitus felt.
4. Streptococci *** (Nov 01;Apr 01;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 431;AP3-Pg.No: 520)

– Classification, Pathogenesis, Sequelae, Laboratory Diagnosis

Short Notes

1. Cutaneous Larva Migrans ********** (Jul 23;Feb 23;Feb 19;Aug 15;Feb 14;Feb
10;Feb 08;Aug 04;Nov 01;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 476;AP3-Pg.No: 572)

2. Dermatophytes ********** (Feb 23;Feb 23;Aug 18;Feb 17;Aug 13;Feb 12;Aug

10;Aug 09;Aug 08;Feb 08;Feb 07;Feb 05;Aug 04;Mar 02;Apr 01) (Pg.No:
479;AP3-Pg.No: 575)

3. Mycetoma ********** (Feb 23;Feb 20;Aug 14;Aug 09;Aug 08;Aug 07;Feb

07;Feb 05;Aug 04;Apr 98;Oct 97;Jan 93;Dec 91;Oct 90) (Pg.No: 481;AP3-
Pg.No: 578)

4. Mucocutaneous Candidiasis ******* (Aug 22;Feb 22;Feb 18;Feb 16;Aug

09;Feb 09;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 483;AP3-Pg.No: 583)

Page: 79
5. Malignant Pustule ****** (Sep 21;Feb 12;Feb 10;Aug 04;Mar 02;Apr 01)
(Pg.No: 449;AP3-Pg.No: 540)

6. Sporotrichosis ****** (Jul 23;Aug 14;Aug 08;Apr 04;Oct 03;Apr 97) (Pg.No:
482;AP3-Pg.No: 580)
– Asteroid Bodies
7. Toxins and Virulence Factors of Streptococci ****** (Feb 23;Feb 19;Aug
17;Feb 11;Oct 03;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 431;AP3-Pg.No: 521)

8. Varicella Zoster Virus Infection (or) Herpes Zoster ****** (Aug 22;Feb
18;Aug 13;Feb 12;Aug 09;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 463;AP3-Pg.No: 554)

9. Gas Gangrene ***** (Feb 23;Aug 19;Aug 09;Oct 03;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 439;AP3-
Pg.No: 529)

10. Nagler's Reaction ***** (Feb 22;Feb 10;Feb 09;Aug 04;Oct 97) (Pg.No:
440;AP3-Pg.No: 531)

11. Superficial Mycoses ***** (Dec 23;Feb 15;Feb 13;Feb 11;Feb 10) (Pg.No:
478;AP3-Pg.No: 574)

12. Rhinosporidiosis **** (Nov 20;Aug 11;Feb 10;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 483;AP3-Pg.No:
582)

13. Virulence Factors of Staphylococci **** (Aug 16;Feb 12;Aug 04;Oct 97)
(Pg.No: 422;AP3-Pg.No: 511)

14. Actinomycosis *** (Aug 19;Feb 19;Feb 14) (Pg.No: 452;AP3-Pg.No: 542)

15. Cyclops (Dracunculiasis) *** (Aug 22;Mar 02;Nov 95) (Pg.No: 476;AP3-
Pg.No: 569)

16. Measles *** (Feb 23;Feb 14;Aug 11) (Pg.No: 468;AP3-Pg.No: 559)

17. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) *** (Mar 22;Feb

07;Apr 98) (Pg.No: 428;AP3-Pg.No: 517)

18. MMR Vaccine *** (Aug 05;Oct 03;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 470;AP3-Pg.No: 561)

19. Non-Suppurative Complications of Streptococci *** (Aug 12;Aug 08;Mar

02) (Pg.No: 433;AP3-Pg.No: 523)

20. Trichinellosis *** (Aug 12;Feb 11;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 476;AP3-Pg.No: 570)
– Backman Intradermal Test

Page: 80
21. Bacillus anthracis ** (Aug 07;Mar 02) (Pg.No: 449;AP3-Pg.No: 539)

22. Ectothrix and Endothrix Infection of Hair ** (Aug 12;Aug 11) (Pg.No: 479;AP3-
Pg.No: 576)

23. McFadyean's Reaction ** (Feb 14;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 451;AP3-Pg.No: 541)

24. Non-Venereal Treponematoses ** (Aug 18;Feb 06) (Pg.No: 455;AP3-Pg.No:

545)

25. Tzanck Smear ** (Nov 20;Feb 19) (Pg.No: 462;AP3-Pg.No: 553)

26. Chromoblastomycosis (Aug 18) (Pg.No: 482;AP3-Pg.No: 581)

27. Classification of Streptococci (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 430;AP3-Pg.No: 520)

28. Dracunculus Medinensis (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 476;AP3-Pg.No: 569)

– Life Cycle
29. Group B Streptococci (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 435;AP3-Pg.No: 525)

30. Group D Streptococci (Oct 00) (Pg.No: 435;AP3-Pg.No: 526)

31. Herpes Simplex Virus (Aug 17) (Pg.No: 460;AP3-Pg.No: 551)

32. Koplik's Spots (Feb 10) (Pg.No: 469;AP3-Pg.No: 560)

33. Lab Diagnosis of Streptococcus pyogens (Feb 15) (Pg.No: 433;AP3-Pg.No:

524)

34. Lepromin Test (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 448;AP3-Pg.No: 538)

35. Loa Loa (Aug 19) (Pg.No: 475;AP3-Pg.No: 567)

36. Nocardia (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 453;AP3-Pg.No: 544)

37. Special Characters of Staphylococcus aureus (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 422;AP3-

Pg.No: 517)

38. Subcutaneous Mycoses (Aug 10) (Pg.No: 481;AP3-Pg.No: 578)

39. Tinea Versicolor (Aug 14) (Pg.No: 478;AP3-Pg.No: 574)

40. Toxic Shock Syndrome (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 423;AP3-Pg.No: 512)

41. Toxins of Clostridium perfringens (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 438;AP3-Pg.No: 529)

Page: 81
 Miscellaneous Bacteria and Microbial Zoonotic diseases

Essays

1. Plague (Nov 95) (Pg.No: 671;AP3-Pg.No: 807)

– Morphology, Cultural Characters, Pathogenesis, Laboratory Diagnosis

Short Notes

1. Otomycosis ****** (Feb 22;Nov 20;Feb 17;Aug 13;Feb 11;Feb 09) (Pg.No:
658;AP3-Pg.No: 791)
2. Zoonotic Bacterial Disease ****** (Aug 17;Aug 14;Feb 14;Aug 08;Apr 00;Apr
99) (Pg.No: 671;AP3-Pg.No: 807)
3. Plague **** (Mar 22;Feb 22;Aug 12;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 671;AP3-Pg.No: 807)
4. Oncogenic Viruses *** (Feb 16;Feb 14;Aug 12) (Pg.No: 665;AP3-Pg.No: 800)
5. Chlamydial Conjunctivitis ** (Jul 23;Aug 22) (Pg.No: 653;AP3-Pg.No: 781)
6. Congenital Rubella Syndrome ** (Jul 23;Feb 23) (Pg.No: 660;AP3-Pg.No:
794)
7. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) associated Malignancy ** (Aug 15;Feb 14) (Pg.No:
667;AP3-Pg.No: 802)
8. Parasites Infecting Eye ** (Feb 12;Aug 08) (Pg.No: 655;AP3-Pg.No: 786)
9. Zoonotic Parasitic Disease ** (Aug 19;Feb 06) (Pg.No: 671;AP3-Pg.No: 807)
10. Bubonic Plague (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 673;AP3-Pg.No: 809)
11. Congenital Infection (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 659;AP3-Pg.No: 793)
12. Congenital Syphilis (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 664;AP3-Pg.No: 799)
13. Congenital Toxoplasmosis (Aug 17) (Pg.No: 659;AP3-Pg.No: 793)
14. Congenital Viral Infections (Apr 01) (Pg.No: 660;AP3-Pg.No: 793)
15. Conjunctivitis (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 653;AP3-Pg.No: 779)
16. Keratoconjunctivitis (Aug 19) (Pg.No: 655;AP3-Pg.No: 782)
17. Mechanism of Viral Oncogenesis (Nov 98) (Pg.No: 665;AP3-Pg.No: 801)
18. Mycotic Keratitis (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 656;AP3-Pg.No: 789)
19. Ocular Fungal Infections (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 656;AP3-Pg.No: 788)

Page: 82
 Paper 2

Bloodstream and Cardiovascular Infections

Essays

1. Enteric Fever (or) Typhoid Fever ******** (Feb 19;Feb 14;Aug 12;Aug 09;Nov
98;Apr 98;Oct 97;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 262;AP3-Pg.No: 302)
– Classification of Enterobacteriaceae, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,
Laboratory Diagnosis, Management
Probable Cases:
– A 12 year old female was admitted to the hospital with intense
headache, abdominal discomfort for the past 5 days. She had also
developed fever which is of remittent type with gradual rise in a step
ladder fashion, On examination, she was toxic with temperature of
101°F, tongue was coated and mild splenomegaly was present.
2. HIV (or) AIDS ****** (Feb 20;Aug 18;Feb 16;Feb 05;Jan 93;Oct 90) (Pg.No:
283;AP3-Pg.No: 325)
– Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Laboratory Diagnosis, Post Exposure
Prophylaxis
Probable Cases:
– A 25 year old male with history of multiple sex partners is admitted
with complaints of unexplained fever, progressive loss of weight,
persistent diarrhea and generalized lymphadenopathy for the past
6 months
3. Kala-azar (or) Visceral Leishmaniasis ***** (Aug 14;Feb 13;Feb 11;Aug
09;Aug 07) (Pg.No: 312;AP3-Pg.No: 361)
– Morphology, Life Cycle, Clinical Features, Laboratory Diagnosis
Probable Cases:
– A 31 year old man from Bihar presented with Splenomegaly, anemia,
and Fever. The bone marrow aspirate collected was subjected to
Giemsa staining which revealed amastigotes filled within a
macrophage.

Page: 83
4. Lymphatic Filariasis ***** (Aug 12;Feb 07;Aug 04;Apr 01;Oct 97) (Pg.No:
316;AP3-Pg.No: 370)

– Classification of Filarial Nematodes, Lifecycle, Pathogenesis,

Laboratory Diagnosis, Management
Probable Cases:

– A 35 year old female from a village of Bihar came to the hospital with
history of fever on and off for the past one year and recently
developed unilateral swelling of the left lower limb. Her blood
sample was sent for peripheral blood smear examination which
revealed microfilariae, 240 um in length, tail tip pointed free nuclei
5. Malaria ***** (Feb 19;Feb 14;Feb 08;Aug 06;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 303;AP3-Pg.No:
346)

– Life Cycle, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Laboratory Diagnosis,

Management
Probable Cases:

– A 54 year old male from Chhattisgarh presented with fever, chills and
rigor for 4 days. The patient developed convulsions prior to
admission. On physical examination, muscle tone and tendon
reflexes were reduced. Anemia and splenomegaly were present. The
blood sample was collected for peripheral blood smear examination
which accole form, multiple ring forms and crescent shaped
gametocytes inside RBCs.
6. Dengue Virus **** (Aug 22;Aug 17;Feb 13;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 295;AP3-Pg.No:
338)

– Classification of Arboviruses, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,

Laboratory Diagnosis, Complications, Management
Probable Cases:

– A 30 year old female came to casualty with complaints of high grade

fever, severe joint pain, back pain, myalgia. Gradually, she developed
Petechial rashes over the body. On examination, she was found to
have Jaundice, hepatomegaly and low platelet count
(30,000/cu.mm). A tourniquet test was done over the cubital fossa
demonstrated 25 petechial spots per square inch area. On inquiry,
she told she had been bitten by the mosquito.

Page: 84
7. Leptospirosis *** (Jul 23;Feb 23;Feb 15) (Pg.No: 278;AP3-Pg.No: 319)

– Classification of Spirochetes, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology,

Clinical Features, Laboratory Diagnosis, Management
Probable Cases:

– A 45 year old male patient attend OP with history of fever with chills,
headache, abdominal pain with vomiting. History was elicited, that
he went to Andaman and has taken a drinking water from a lake. On
examination, there is jaundice with hepatosplenomegaly. On dark
ground microscopic examination of blood shows spirally coiled
bacilli.
8. Rheumatic Fever *** (Feb 22;Feb 17;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 255;AP3-Pg.No: 293)

– Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Diagnostic Criteria,

Management
Probable Cases:

– A 7 year old female child presented to the cardiology OPD with

swollen, red, and/or tender joints, which migrates from one joint to
another (knees, ankles, hips and elbows) over a period of hours. The
child was having an abnormal gait. She also complained of painless,
small, mobile lumps beneath the skin overlying bony prominences,
particularly of the hands, feet and elbows. On auscultation, murmur
was heard over the mitral valve area. ECG showed prolongation of
PR interval. On inquiry, the it was found that the child had an episode
of sore throat 3 weeks back.
9. Post Exposure Prophylaxis in HIV ** (Feb 22;Aug 17) (Pg.No: 238;Pg.No:
292;AP3-Pg.No: 335)

10. Rickettsial Infections ** (Feb 20;Aug 16) (Pg.No: 269;AP3-Pg.No: 310)

– Classification of Rickettsiae, Morphology, Cultivation, Antigenic

Structure, Pathogenesis, Laboratory Diagnosis of Typhus fever, Note
about Brill Zinser Disease
11. Brucellosis (Apr 00) (Pg.No: 275;AP3-Pg.No: 316)

12. Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Laboratory Diagnosis, Prophylaxis

Page: 85
 13. Infective Endocarditis (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 251;AP3-Pg.No: 287)
– Etiology, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Diagnostic
Criteria, Management
Probable Cases:

– A 70 year old man was hospitalized with fever, weakness in lower

limbs. Echocardiogram showed vascular vegetations on the mitral
valve. He also had elevated CRP and ESR.
14. Trypanosomiasis (or) Chaga's Disease (Aug 16) (Pg.No: 314;AP3-Pg.No:
366)

– Enlist common blood flagellates, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features,

Laboratory Diagnosis, Prophylaxis

Short Notes

1. Candidiasis ********** (Feb 22;Feb 18;Feb 16;Aug 09;Feb 05;Oct 03;Oct

00;Apr 96;Jan 93;Oct 90) (Pg.No: 321;AP3-Pg.No: 377)

2. Dengue Virus ********** (Jul 23;Feb 23;Aug 22;Feb 16;Feb 14;Aug 13;Feb
12;Aug 10;Feb 05;Oct 03;Apr 99) (Pg.No: 295;AP3-Pg.No: 338)

– Pathogenesis, Transmission, Clinical Features, Treatment

3. Dimorphic Fungi ******* (Jul 23;Aug 17;Feb 14;Feb 12;Feb 11;Feb 10;Nov 93)
(Pg.No: 323;AP3-Pg.No: 379)

– Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, Coccidiomycosis,

Paracoccidiomycosis
4. Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria ******* (Aug 22;Feb 22;Aug 19;Aug 17;Aug
15;Aug 10;Aug 04) (Pg.No: 306;AP3-Pg.No: 352)

5. Plasmodium Vivax (or) Benign Tertian Malaria ***** (Feb 23;Aug 18;Feb
16;Aug 14;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 305;AP3-Pg.No: 349)

– Life Cycle, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment

6. Weil Felix Test ***** (Mar 22;Feb 14;Aug 09;Oct 00;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 271;AP3-
Pg.No: 312)

7. Borreliosis (or) Relapsing Fever **** (Aug 14;Aug 11;Oct 03;Nov 93) (Pg.No:
281;AP3-Pg.No: 322)

Page: 86
8. Fever (or) Pyrexia of Unknown Origin **** (Feb 23;Feb 22;Aug 18;Aug 09)
(Pg.No: 259;AP3-Pg.No: 299)

9. Histoplasmosis (or) Darling's Disease **** (Feb 20;Aug 19;Aug 16;Feb 08)
(Pg.No: 323;AP3-Pg.No: 377)

10. Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV **** (Aug 22;Sep 21;Aug 11;Aug 04) (Pg.No:
288;AP3-Pg.No: 330)

11. Laboratory Diagnosis of Leptospirosis **** (Feb 22;Aug 17;Aug 15;Apr 96)
(Pg.No: 279;AP3-Pg.No: 319)

12. Microfilaria **** (Oct 03;Oct 98;Apr 96;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 317;AP3-Pg.No: 374)

13. Widal Test **** (Feb 18;Feb 10;Aug 08;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 265;AP3-Pg.No: 306)

14. Chikungunya Virus *** (Aug 16;Aug 09;Aug 06) (Pg.No: 298;AP3-Pg.No: 341)

– Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Laboratory Diagnosis, Management

15. Kala-azar (or) Visceral Leishmaniasis *** (Aug 08;Feb 05;Oct 03) (Pg.No:
312;AP3-Pg.No: 361)

– Morphology, Laboratory Diagnosis

16. Laboratory Diagnosis of Typhoid/Enteric Fever *** (Jul 22;Nov 95;Apr 95)
(Pg.No: 264;AP3-Pg.No: 305)

17. Morphology of HIV *** (Feb 23;Aug 09;Aug 07) (Pg.No: 283;AP3-Pg.No: 325)

18. Opportunistic Infections in HIV *** (Aug 13;Aug 11;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 288;AP3-
Pg.No: 330)

19. Scrub Typhus (Orientia) *** (Feb 23;Aug 11;Apr 01) (Pg.No: 272;AP3-Pg.No:
313)

– Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Laboratory Diagnosis,

Treatment
Probable Cases:

– A 39 year old farmer presented to the emergency department with a

4 day history of fever, headache, and non-pruritic rashes on his face,
extremities with eschar on left lower leg.
20. Complications of Falciparum Malaria ** (Feb 18;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 305;AP3-
Pg.No: 350)

Page: 87
21. Drug Resistance in Salmonella typhi ** (Feb 23;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 266;AP3-
Pg.No: 308)

22. Kyasanur Forest Disease ** (Feb 06;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 299;AP3-Pg.No: 342)

23. Laboratory Diagnosis of Filariasis ** (Aug 16;Feb 13) (Pg.No: 318;AP3-Pg.No:

373)

24. Life Cycle of Wucheria bancrofti ** (Feb 23;Sep 21) (Pg.No: 317;AP3-Pg.No:
371)

25. Modes of Transmission of HIV ** (Aug 16;Feb 09) (Pg.No: 284;AP3-Pg.No:

326)

26. Blood Culture in Infective Endocarditis (Feb 23) (Pg.No: 252;AP3-Pg.No:

288)

27. Brugian Filariasis (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 319;AP3-Pg.No: 375)

28. Carriers of Typhoid Infection (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 266;AP3-Pg.No: 304)

29. Complications of Dengue Virus (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 296;AP3-Pg.No: 339)

30. Epidemic Typhus (Nov 98) (Pg.No: 270;AP3-Pg.No: 311)

31. Erythrocytic Schizogony (Aug 08) (Pg.No: 303;AP3-Pg.No: 347)

32. Laboratory Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections (Feb 20) (Pg.No: 258;AP3-

Pg.No: 297)

33. Plasmodium ovale (Nov 20) (Pg.No: 305;AP3-Pg.No: 348)

– Life Cycle, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment

34. Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (Aug 19) (Pg.No: 313;AP3-Pg.No: 362)

35. Rickettsial Infections (Feb 12) (Pg.No: 269;AP3-Pg.No: 310)

Page: 88
 Respiratory Tract Infections

Essays

1. Tuberculosis ***** (Feb 07;Aug 05;Aug 04;Nov 01;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 515;AP3-
Pg.No: 623)

– Classify Mycobacteria, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

2. COVID-19 Infection ** (Aug 22;Mar 22) (Pg.No: 552;AP3-Pg.No: 662)

– List of other Organisms causing Interstitial Pneumonia, Structure of

the Organism, COVID-19 Vaccine
– Transmission, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Microbiological
and Non-Microbiological Investigations, Prevention and Control
Probable Cases:

– A 55 years old male patient was admitted in ICU were with fever,
cough with expectoration, fatigue and sore throat. There is H/O loss
of smell and taste. The contact history with fever patient before 5
days is also elucidated.
– A 65 year old male patient admitted in the hospital with history of
fever, sore throat, head ache, body pain and loss of taste and smell.
Symptomatic treatment was given. After 2 days, he developed
difficulty in breathing, his oxygen saturation was <90 %. Blood
investigations like CRP, D-dimer and IL-6 were elevated. CT Chest
shows ground glass opacities. Patient was treated with high flow
oxygen, steroid, antibiotics and antiviral agents.
3. Diphtheria (or) Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Nov 93) (Pg.No: 492;AP3-
Pg.No: 599)

– Morphology, Culture Characters, Lab Diagnosis

4. Influenza (or) Swine Flu (Feb 10) (Pg.No: 543;AP3-Pg.No: 648)

– Morphology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

5. Pertussis (or) Whooping Cough (or) Bordetella Pertussis (Aug 11) (Pg.No:
530;AP3-Pg.No: 638)

– Etiology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

Page: 89
Short Notes

1. Diphtheria (or) Corynebacterium diphtheriae ********* (Jul 23;Feb 22;Aug

10;Aug 09;Aug 08;Aug 05;Oct 03;Apr 00;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 492;AP3-Pg.No: 599)

– Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis

– Elek's Gel Precipitation Test
– Test for Toxin produced by C. diphtheriae
Probable Cases:

– A 5 year old child had High Grade Fever, Pain in the Throat with
Difficulty in Swallowing. On examination the child was Toxic, White
Patch was found on the throat which bleeds on touch. Immunization
status not known.
2. Tuberculosis ******** (Jul 23;Aug 22;Sep 21;Feb 18;Aug 15;Aug 13;Aug 10;Feb
09;Feb 06;Aug 04;Mar 02) (Pg.No: 515;AP3-Pg.No: 623)

– NTEP, Culture Media for Tuberculosis, Mantoux test, BCG

– Lab Diagnosis
– RNTCP
3. Atypical Mycobacteria (or) Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)
******* (Sep 21;Feb 14;Feb 10;Aug 09;Aug 08;Apr 01;Apr 99) (Pg.No: 527;AP3-
Pg.No: 636)

4. Antigenic Shift and Antigenic Drift ***** (Pg.No: 541;AP3-Pg.No: 649)

5. Aspergillosis (or) Aspergilloma **** (Mar 23;Aug 22;Feb 06;Apr 92) (Pg.No:
565;AP3-Pg.No: 681)

– Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Laboratory Diagnosis

6. Infectious Mononucleosis **** (Jul 23;Nov 20;Aug 09;Aug 04) (Pg.No:
557;AP3-Pg.No: 672)

– Paul Bunnell Test

7. Influenza (or) Swine-Flu **** (Feb 19;Aug 14;Feb 10;Nov 98) (Pg.No:
543;AP3-Pg.No: 648)

– Specimen Collection, Transport, Lab Diagnosis

– Diagnosis of H1N1, Prophylaxis against H1N1
8. Quellung Reaction (or) Neufeld Reaction *** (Pg.No: 502;AP3-Pg.No: 608)

Page: 90
9. COVID-19 ** (Mar 23;Aug 22) (Pg.No: 552;AP3-Pg.No: 662)

– Structure of SARS CoV-2

10. Melioidosis ** (Mar 22;Feb 13) (Pg.No: 536;AP3-Pg.No: 644)

– Clinical Features, Lab Diagnosis

11. Oriental Lung Fluke (or) Paragonimus westermani ** (Feb 08;Aug 05)
(Pg.No: 561;AP3-Pg.No: 676)

12. Pertussis (or) Whooping Cough (or) Bordetella pertussis ** (Mar 23;Feb
18) (Pg.No: 530;AP3-Pg.No: 638)

– Prophylaxis
13. Pneumocystis Pneumonia (or) Pneumocystis jirovecii ** (Jul 23;Feb 13)
(Pg.No: 563;AP3-Pg.No: 679)

14. Zygomycosis (or) Mucormycosis ** (Feb 23;Aug 17) (Pg.No: 564;AP3-Pg.No:

680)

15. Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Pg.No: 517;AP3-Pg.No: 625)

16. Legionellosis (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 513;AP3-Pg.No: 621)

17. Mumps (Oct 00) (Pg.No: 548;AP3-Pg.No: 656)

18. Mycoplasma (Feb 09) (Pg.No: 510;AP3-Pg.No: 618)

– Lab Diagnosis
19. Pseudomonas Infection (Feb 20) (Pg.No: 534;AP3-Pg.No: 642)

20. Pulmonary Anthrax (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 508;AP3-Pg.No: 616)

21. Rhino Virus Infection (Feb 15) (Pg.No: 559;AP3-Pg.No: 675)

Page: 91
 Gastrointestinal Infections

Essays

1. Cholera ******** (Aug 22;Aug 15;Feb 11;Feb 10;Feb 08;Oct 03;Apr 01;Apr 96)
(Pg.No: 346;AP3-Pg.No: 410)

– Enumerate Bacteria causing Diarrhea, Morphology, Pathogenesis,

Cultural characteristics, Laboratory diagnosis
– Pathogenesis, Laboratory diagnosis, Prophylaxis
– Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Laboratory diagnosis, Prevention
– Morphology, Pathogenesis, Laboratory diagnosis, Treatment
Probable Cases:

– A 25 year old female admitted with history of watery diarrhea

resembling rice water of 24 hrs duration along with copious
vomiting.
2. Ancylostoma duodenale (or) Hookworm ****** (Feb 22;Feb 12;Aug 10;Feb
09;Feb 05;Nov 95) (Pg.No: 386;AP3-Pg.No: 463)

– Enumerate parasites causing anemia, Morphology, Life cycle,

Laboratory diagnosis
– Classify nematodes, Lifecycle cycle, Laboratory diagnosis
– Life cycle, Pathogenesis, Lab diagnosis, Management
3. Taenia solium *** (Oct 03;Oct 00;Dec 91) (Pg.No: 375;AP3-Pg.No: 447)

– Classify Cestodes, Lifecycle, Pathogenesis, Laboratory diagnosis,

Treatment, Prevention
4. Ascaris lumbricoides (or) Roundworm ** (Aug 11;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 384;AP3-
Pg.No: 461)

– Enumerate the intestinal nematodes of medical importance,

Morphology, Life cycle, Laboratory diagnosis
– Lifecycle, Pathogenesis, Laboratory diagnosis
5. Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis) (Aug 04) (Pg.No: 341;AP3-Pg.No: 404)

– Causative agent, Pathogenesis, Clinical features, Laboratory

diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention

Page: 92
 6. Entamoeba histolytica Infection (or) Intestinal amoebiasis (Aug 22)
(Pg.No: 362;AP3-Pg.No: 427)

– Pathogenesis, Clinical manifestations, Various diagnostic modalities,

Treatment
Probable Cases:

– A 17 year old boy presented with bloody diarrhea with mucus and
pus cells, colicky abdominal pain, fever, and prostration. The wet
mount examination of the stool sample was performed which
showed trophozoites of 5–20 μm, actively motile, with fingerlike
pseudopodia. Inside the trophozoites, the ingested RBCs are present.
7. Enterobiasis (Apr 92) (Pg.No: 383;AP3-Pg.No: 459)

– Enumerate Intestinal Parasites, Laboratory diagnosis

Short Notes

1. Viral Gastroenteritis ********** (Jul 23;Aug 19;Feb 13;Aug 11;Feb 07;Aug

04;Oct 03;Oct 97;Apr 97;Nov 94;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 359;AP3-Pg.No: 424)

– Details about Rota virus

– Viral Diarrhea
– Viral Gastroenteritis
2. Cryptosporidium parvum ******* (Feb 11;Feb 10;Aug 08;Feb 08;Feb 05;Apr
00;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 368;AP3-Pg.No: 437)

3. El Tor Vibrio ******* (Sep 21;Feb 19;Feb 12;Feb 09;Aug 07;Aug 05;Apr 01)
(Pg.No: 347;AP3-Pg.No: 411)

4. Mycotoxicosis (or) Mycotoxins ******* (Jun 23;Feb 13;Aug 06;Aug 04;Nov

01;Nov 98;Apr 95) (Pg.No: 335;AP3-Pg.No: 398)

5. Concentration Methods for Stool Examination in GIT ****** (Feb 12;Aug

11;Feb 10;Feb 07;Feb 06;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 93;AP3-Pg.No: 106)

6. Ancylostoma duodenale (or) Hookworm ***** (Feb 16;Aug 14;Feb 14;Aug

13;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 386;AP3-Pg.No: 463)

– Life cycle
– Detail about hookworm
7. Bile-Stained Eggs ***** (Feb 14;Feb 13;Feb 12;Aug 10;Oct 03) (Pg.No: 375)

Page: 93
8. Different Types of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli ***** (Aug 21;Aug 15;Feb
06;Aug 05;Oct 97) (Pg.No: 340;AP3-Pg.No: 403)

9. Enterobius vermicularis ***** (Feb 18;Feb 14;Aug 08;Apr 01;Nov 94) (Pg.No:
383;AP3-Pg.No: 459)

– Pinworm
– Thread worm
– Enterobiasis
10. Halophilic Vibrios ***** (Feb 13;Aug 12;Feb 10;Nov 01;Nov 94) (Pg.No:
352;AP3-Pg.No: 417)

– Detail about Halophilic Vibrios

– Non Cholera Vibrios
– Non agglutinating Vibrios
11. Helicobacter pylori ***** (Feb 12;Feb 09;Feb 08;Mar 02;Nov 01) (Pg.No:
355;AP3-Pg.No: 421)

12. Bacteria Causing Food Poison **** (Aug 14;Aug 10;Feb 07;Oct 00) (Pg.No:
332;AP3-Pg.No: 394)

– Laboratory diagnosis
– Note on bacterial food poisoning
13. Balantidium coli **** (Feb 15;Aug 11;Aug 10;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 371;AP3-Pg.No:
441)

– Life cycle
– Detail about Balantidium coli
14. Ascariasis (or) Roundworm Infestation *** (Aug 14;Aug 10;Feb 09) (Pg.No:
384;AP3-Pg.No: 461)

– Life cycle
15. Clostridium botulinum *** (Feb 19;Feb 17;Apr 98) (Pg.No: 334;AP3-Pg.No:
397)

– Botulism
– Detail about Clostridium botulinum
16. Cyclops *** (Mar 02;Nov 01;Nov 95) (Pg.No: 377)

17. Shigella *** (Aug 14;Feb 14;Oct 00) (Pg.No: 341;AP3-Pg.No: 404)

Page: 94
 – Detail about Shigella
– Exotoxin produced by Shigella species
– Bacillary Dysentery
18. Tapeworms *** (Aug 16;Aug 13;Aug 09) (Pg.No: 374;AP3-Pg.No: 447)

– Tapeworms infecting Human

– Taenia solium
– Lifecycle of Taenia solium
– Lifecycle of Taenia saginata
19. Viviparous Parasites *** (Feb 14;Aug 13;Feb 06) (Pg.No: 382;AP3-Pg.No: 457)

20. Campylobacter ** (Jan 93;Aug 90) (Pg.No: 354;AP3-Pg.No: 419)

21. Classification of Nematodes According to the Habitat of Adult Worms **

(Feb 17;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 381;AP3-Pg.No: 457)

22. Clostridium difficile ** (Feb 18;Apr 97) (Pg.No: 357;AP3-Pg.No: 422)

23. Enterotoxin Produced by Escherichia coli ** (Mar 22;Feb 16) (Pg.No:

338;AP3-Pg.No: 401)

– Various properties of enterotoxin of Escherichia coli

– Different mechanisms of E. coli enterotoxin
24. Lab Diagnosis of Cholera ** (Sep 21;Aug 18) (Pg.No: 349;AP3-Pg.No: 414)

25. Laboratory Diagnosis of Intestinal Amoebiasis. ** (Jul 23;Feb 17) (Pg.No:

362;AP3-Pg.No: 430)

26. Life Cycle of Entamoeba histolytica ** (Aug 10;Apr 00) (Pg.No: 362;AP3-
Pg.No: 428)

27. Listeria monocytogenes ** (Feb 22;Feb 11) (Pg.No: 334;AP3-Pg.No: 396)

28. Oviparous Nematodes and Viviparous Nematodes ** (Aug 12;Feb 11)

(Pg.No: 382;AP3-Pg.No: 457)

29. Redia and cercaria ** (Mar 02;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 379)

30. Stool Examination of Parasitic Infections in GIT ** (Feb 11;Aug 09) (Pg.No:
90;AP3-Pg.No: 103)

31. Bacterioides (Nov 95) (Pg.No: 327)

Page: 95
32. Differences Between Classical and El Tor Vibrio (Aug 13) (Pg.No: 347;AP3-
Pg.No: 411)

33. Diphyllobothrium latum (Feb 14) (Pg.No: 377;AP3-Pg.No: 451)

– Larval forms, Lifecycle

– Fish tapeworm
34. Egg of Ascaris (Aug 09) (Pg.No: 385;AP3-Pg.No: 462)

35. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) (Pg.No: 340;AP3-Pg.No: 403)

36. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (Feb 11) (Pg.No: 340;AP3-Pg.No:

403)

– Travelers Diarrhea
– Details about Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
37. Escherichia coli - Virulence Factors (Nov 20) (Pg.No: 338;AP3-Pg.No: 401)

38. General Characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae (Pg.No: 337;AP3-Pg.No:

400)

39. Giardiasis (Aug 12) (Pg.No: 366)

40. Hymenolepis nana (or) Dwarf Tapeworm (Pg.No: 377;AP3-Pg.No: 450)

41. Iodamoeba butschlli (Nov 20) (Pg.No: 365;AP3-Pg.No: 432)

42. Lab Diagnosis of Diarrhoea Caused by Coccidian Parasite (Feb 23) (Pg.No:
370;AP3-Pg.No: 438)

43. Larval Forms of Cestodes (Pg.No: 375;AP3-Pg.No: 447)

44. Morphology of Pathogenic Intestinal Protozoans (Dec 91) (Pg.No: 362;AP3-

Pg.No: 427)

45. Prophylaxis and Epidemiology of Cholera (Mar 02) (Pg.No: 348;AP3-Pg.No:

412)

46. Serotyping of Vibrio cholerae (Dec 23) (Pg.No: 347;AP3-Pg.No: 411)

47. Strongyloides stercoralis (Oct 03) (Pg.No: 388;AP3-Pg.No: 466)

– Pathogenesis
48. Trematodes (Aug 11) (Pg.No: 378;AP3-Pg.No: 452)

Page: 96
 Hepatobiliary Infections

Essays

1. Hepatitis B Virus ********** (Jul 23;Aug 19;Feb 18;Feb 15;Aug 12;Aug 11;Aug
09;Aug 07;Aug 05;Apr 97;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 397;AP3-Pg.No: 478)
– Morphology, Pathogenesis, Laboratory diagnosis
– Name the viruses infecting the liver, Morphology, Pathogenesis, Lab
diagnosis, Prophylaxis
– Name the hepatotropic viruses, Pathogenesis, Laboratory diagnosis
– Enumerate the viruses transmitted by blood transfusion, Hepatitis B
virus, Prophylaxis
– Morphology, Genomic structure, Epidemiology, Laboratory diagnosis
– Enumerate viruses causing post-transfusion hepatitis, Morphology,
Pathogenesis, Laboratory diagnosis, Prophylaxis
– Morphology, Pathogenesis, Lab diagnosis, Prophylaxis, Treatment
2. Echinococcus granulsosus ***** (Aug 08;Aug 05;Oct 03;Apr 00;Dec 90)
(Pg.No: 410;AP3-Pg.No: 493)
– Morphology, Life cycle, Pathogenesis, Laboratory diagnosis
– Lifecycle, Pathogenicity, Laboratory diagnosis
– Enumerate the cestodes infecting man, Lifecycle, Pathogenicity,
Laboratory diagnosis
Probable Cases:
– 25 year old male presents with pain in the right hypochondrium and
jaundice. Ultrasonography reveals water lily sign. Surgery was done
to Remove the cyst. Histopathological examination of the cyst
reveals 3 layers of cyst wall with brood capsules.
3. Extra Intestinal Amoebiasis (or) Amoebic Liver Abscess (Pg.No: 409;AP3-
Pg.No: 489)
– Pathogenesis, Clinical features, Complication, Laboratory diagnosis,
Treatment, Prevention
Probable Cases:
– 45 year old male presents with fever, jaundice and pain in the right
hypochondrium. He complains of dysentery and along with weight
loss for the past 2 months. USG of the abdomen shows enlarged
liver with peritonitis. Diagnostic Aspiration from the liver reveals
anchovy sauce pus.

Page: 97
Short Notes

1. Extra Intestinal Amoebiasis (or) Amoebic Liver Abscess ******** (Aug

22;Feb 18;Aug 14;Feb 13;Feb 12;Feb 10;Aug 07;Feb 06) (Pg.No: 409;AP3-Pg.No:
491)
2. Lab Diagnosis of Hepatitis B Virus Infection ******* (Feb 23;Mar 22;Feb
13;Feb 12;Aug 10;Aug 04;Oct 97) (Pg.No: 401;AP3-Pg.No: 482)
– Viral markers of HBV infection
– Hepatitis Markers
3. Larva Migrans ****** (Feb 23;Feb 19;Feb 10;Aug 04;Feb 04;Nov 01) (Pg.No:
440;AP3-Pg.No: 499)
4. Hydatid Cyst **** (Aug 16;Feb 13;Aug 06;Apr 98) (Pg.No: 410;AP3-Pg.No:
494)
– Pathogenesis, Laboratory diagnosis
5. Echinococcus granulosus (or) Hydatid Disease*** (Feb 23;Feb 20;Feb 09)
(Pg.No: 410;AP3-Pg.No: 493)
– Life cycle
– Cystic Echinococcus
– Dog Tapeworm
6. Hepatitis Virus *** (Feb 14;Aug 13;Oct 97) (Pg.No: 395;AP3-Pg.No: 476)
– Associated with Cirrhosis
– Providing Chronic infection
7. Viral Oncogenes *** (Feb 20;Aug 12;Nov 98) (Pg.No: 669;AP3-Pg.No: 476)
– Detail about Viral Oncogenes
– Oncogenic RNA Viruses
– Mechanism of Oncogenesis by HPV and HBV
8. Casoni's Test ** (Feb 14;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 412;AP3-Pg.No: 496)
9. Hepatitis B Virus ** (Aug 22;Feb 22) (Pg.No: 397;AP3-Pg.No: 478)
– Various viral markers, Laboratory diagnosis, Prophylaxis
– Detail about Hepatitis B Virus
Probable Cases:
– A 40-year-old male presented with history of loss of appetite,
malaise and jaundice of 2 months duration. On examination, there
was icterus, hepatomegaly and tenderness in the right
hypochondriac region. He gave a history of blood transfusion in the
past. On laboratory examination, he was found to be positive for
HBsAg.

Page: 98
10. Hepatitis C ** (Aug 13;Feb 06) (Pg.No: 403;AP3-Pg.No: 484)

– Laboratory Diagnosis
– Detail about Hepatitis C
11. Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection ** (Feb 20;Feb 16) (Pg.No:
402;AP3-Pg.No: 484)

– Detail about Prevention

– Hepatitis Vaccine
12. Visceral Larva Migrans ** (Feb 13;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 440;AP3-Pg.No: 499)

13. 17D Vaccine (Pg.No: 408;AP3-Pg.No: 490)

14. Dane Particle (Feb 13) (Pg.No: 398;AP3-Pg.No: 479)

15. Delta Hepatitis Agent (or) Hepatitis Delta (D) Virus (Aug 08) (Pg.No:
405;AP3-Pg.No: 487)

16. Fasciola hepatica (Oct 98) (Pg.No: 413;AP3-Pg.No: 497)

17. Hepatitis A (Pg.No: 396;AP3-Pg.No: 477)

18. Hepatitis E (Oct 03) (Pg.No: 406;AP3-Pg.No: 488)

19. Yellow Fever (Nov 95) (Pg.No: 407;AP3-Pg.No: 489)

Page: 99
 20.

Genito-Urinary and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Essays

1. Syphilis ***** (Feb 13;Aug 10;Feb 09;Aug 05;Oct 97) (Pg.No: 631;AP3-Pg.No:
756)
– Laboratory Diagnosis, Other Bacteria causing STD
– Pathogenesis, Laboratory Diagnosis, Other Bacteria causing STD
– Classify Medically Important Spirochetes, Laboratory Diagnosis
2. Gonorrhoea (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 638;AP3-Pg.No: 764)
– Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Other Bacteria causing STD
Probable Cases:
– A 45 year old female has attended the Gynaec OP with c/o
mucopurulent vaginal discharge for the past one week. In Gram
staining of cervical swab, kidney shaped Gram negative cocci are
seen.
3. Urinary Tract Infection (Mar 02) (Pg.No: 624;AP3-Pg.No: 745)
– Etiology, Laboratory Diagnosis

Short Notes

1. Syphilis ******** (Aug 22;Feb 17;Aug 14;Aug 09;Mar 02;Apr 00;Apr 97;Nov 94)
(Pg.No: 631;AP3-Pg.No: 756)
– Laboratory Diagnosis
– Advice
– Laboratory Diagnosis of Secondary Syphilis
Probable Cases:
– A 35 year old male with c/o hard painless penile ulcers attends STD
OP. Blood sample drawn and sent for VDRL test. The laboratory
reports VDRL test as Reactive.
2. Trichomonas vaginalis ****** (Jul 23;Nov 20;Oct 03;Mar 02;Apr 97;Nov 95)
(Pg.No: 646;AP3-Pg.No: 771)
– Life cycle
– Other causes of Vulvovaginitis

Page: 100
3. Urinary Tract Infection ***** (Aug 22;Feb 12;Feb 11;Aug 08;Nov 93) (Pg.No:
624;AP3-Pg.No: 745)
– Laboratory Diagnosis
– Etiology, Laboratory Diagnosis
Probable Cases:
– A 28 year old female was admitted with high grade fever, vomiting,
flank pain with increased frequency of micturition for the past 3 days.
4. Non-gonococcal Urethritis **** (Aug 05;Aug 04;Mar 02;Nov 94) (Pg.No:
640;AP3-Pg.No: 766)

5. Anaerobic (or) Bacterial Vaginosis *** (Feb 13;Feb 07;Apr 00) (Pg.No:
646;AP3-Pg.No: 773)

– Gardnerella vaginalis
6. Gonorrhoea *** (Aug 17;Aug 08;Apr 99) (Pg.No: 638;AP3-Pg.No: 764)

– Laboratory Diagnosis
7. Significant Bacteriuria *** (Oct 00;Apr 95;Oct 90) (Pg.No: 624;AP3-Pg.No:
748)

8. Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) Test *** (Aug 09;Apr

00;Nov 94) (Pg.No: 634;AP3-Pg.No: 760)

9. Frei Test ** (Oct 03;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 638;AP3-Pg.No: 763)

10. Chancroid (or) Soft Sore (Aug 19) (Pg.No: 636;AP3-Pg.No: 762)

11. Chlamydia trachomatis (Jul 23) (Pg.No: 640;AP3-Pg.No: 766) Probable

Cases:

– A 27 year old woman had developed mucopurulent discharge,

followed by development of dysuria and urethral irritation. She had a
history of multiple sexual partners. Microscopy of the urethral swab
revealed sterile pyuria and presence of compact inclusion bodies
which are later stained by Lugol's iodine.
12. Clean Catch Midstream Urine (Pg.No: 623;AP3-Pg.No: 747)

13. Enterobacteriaceae Causing UTI (Pg.No: 624;AP3-Pg.No: 749)

14. Enterococci Causing UTI (Pg.No: 626;AP3-Pg.No: 750)

15. Lymphogranuloma venereum (Feb 19) (Pg.No: 637;AP3-Pg.No: 763)

Page: 101
 Central Nervous System Infections

Essays

1. Pyogenic Meningitis (or) Acute Bacterial Meningitis ********* (Jul 23;Aug

22;Feb 12;Aug 08;Aug 06;Nov 98;Apr 95;Jan 93;Oct 90) (Pg.No: 574;AP3-
Pg.No: 692)

– List of organisms causing Pyogenic Meningitis, Clinical

Manifestations, Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment
– Enumerate the Probable Causative Agents, Note on Pneumococcal
Vaccine
– List causes of Meningitis, Lab Diagnosis of Meningococcal Meningitis
– List Bacterial causes of Meningitis, Morphology, Cultural Characters
of N. meningitidis, CSF Analysis
Probable Cases:

– A 7 year old girl admitted with fever, headache, vomiting and neck
rigidity. CSF showed elevated CSF pressure, Leukocytes
predominantly neutrophils. Glucose < 40 mg/dl and protein > 45
mg/dl.
2. Poliomyelitis (or) Polio Virus ******** (Mar 23;Sep 21;Feb 17;Feb 12;Feb
10;Feb 08;Mar 02;Nov 01) (Pg.No: 591;AP3-Pg.No: 709)

– Enumerate the organisms causing myelitis, Clinical Manifestations,

Lab Diagnosis, Prophylaxis
– Classify Picornaviruses, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Lab
Diagnosis, Prophylaxis
– Classify Enteroviruses, Morphology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis,
Prophylaxis
Probable Cases:

– A 5 year old male child admitted in ICU with c/o fever, headache and
chills. His mother complained that child is not able to stand 5 days
after the onset of fever. O/E there is flaccid paralysis of lower limbs
and tripod sign is elucidated. On CSF analysis glucose level and
protein level is normal. Microscopic examination of CSF show 25-40
lymphocytes per microlitre and no bacteria seen. Ziehl – Neelsen
staining of CSF is negative for Acid Fast bacilli.

Page: 102
 3. Rabies ***** (Feb 23;Feb 09;Aug 04;Apr 99;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 600;AP3-Pg.No:
718)

– Morphology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Lab Diagnosis,

Prophylaxis
– Classify Rhabdovirus, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis, Prophylaxis
4. Japanese (B) Encephalitis *** (Feb 06;Oct 03;Nov 93) (Pg.No: 598;AP3-
Pg.No: 716)

– Arboviruses in India, Aetiology of JE, Lab Diagnosis of JE

5. Tetanus (Aug 18) (Pg.No: 584;AP3-Pg.No: 702)

– Aetiology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diagnosis, Prophylaxis

6. Toxoplasmosis (Feb 06) (Pg.No: 610;AP3-Pg.No: 731)

– List Parasitic Zoonotic diseases, Life cycle, Pathogenesis, Lab

Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis

Short Notes

1. Cryptococcal Meningitis (or) Cryptococcosis (or) Cryptococcus

neoformans ********** (Jul 23;Feb 22;Feb 18;Aug 10;Aug 08;Aug 04;Oct
03;Apr 98;Apr 97;Nov 94;Apr 92) (Pg.No: 616;AP3-Pg.No: 739)

2. Neurocysticercosis (or) Cysticercus cellulosae ********** (Jul 23;Sep

21;Feb 16;Aug 14;Aug 11;Aug 10;Aug 05;Aug 04;Mar 02;Oct 98;Apr 97;Apr 92)
(Pg.No: 613;AP3-Pg.No: 735)

– Clinical Manifestations, Lab Diagnosis

3. Poliomyelitis (or) Polio Virus ********** (Aug 22;Feb 19;Aug 18;Feb 18;Aug
15;Aug 14;Aug 12;Aug 09;Aug 08;Feb 07;Feb 05;Oct 03;Oct 97;Apr 96;Nov 95)
(Pg.No: 591;AP3-Pg.No: 709)

– Prophylaxis
– Lab Diagnosis
– Sabin Vaccine

Page: 103
4. Rabies ********** (Jul 23;Aug 22;Sep 21;Feb 20;Aug 18;Feb 18;Feb 17;Aug
16;Feb 11;Feb 08;Aug 05;Feb 05;Apr 01;Apr 98;Apr 96) (Pg.No: 600;AP3-Pg.No:
718)

– Vaccines Available, Laboratory Diagnosis

– Prophylactic Measures used against Dog Bite, Negri Bodies
Probable Cases:

– A 25 year old Australian visited his local doctor complaining of

difficulty in swallowing liquids, loss of appetite and restlessness. He
had a travel history to India one month back and did mention being
bitten by a street dog.
– A 25 year old male visited the clinic of a local doctor with a history of
dog bite.
5. Japanese (B) Encephalitis ******** (Feb 20;Aug 15;Feb 09;Aug 05;Aug
04;Apr 98;Jan 93;Oct 90) (Pg.No: 598;AP3-Pg.No: 716)

6. Tetanus ******* (Aug 22;Feb 15;Oct 03;Nov 98;Apr 96;Nov 94;Dec 91) (Pg.No:
584;AP3-Pg.No: 702)

– Prophylaxis
– Lab Diagnosis
7. Free-Living Amoebae ****** (Pg.No: 609;AP3-Pg.No: 727)

8. Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis ***** (Aug 11;Aug 08;Feb 07;Nov

01;Oct 98) (Pg.No: 609;AP3-Pg.No: 728)

9. Prion Disease ***** (Nov 20;Feb 20;Aug 19;Feb 12;Feb 10) (Pg.No: 606;AP3-
Pg.No: 725)

10. Toxoplasmosis **** (Jul 23;Aug 17;Aug 14;Aug 10) (Pg.No: 610;AP3-Pg.No:
731)

– Clinical Manifestations, Lab Diagnosis

– Congenital Toxoplasmosis
11. Pyogenic Meningitis (or) Acute Bacterial Meningitis *** (Feb 09;Aug
05;Oct 97) (Pg.No: 574;AP3-Pg.No: 692)

– Lab Diagnosis
12. Slow Viral Infections *** (Feb 13;Aug 04;Nov 98) (Pg.No: 605;AP3-Pg.No:
724)

Page: 104
13. Aseptic Meningitis (or) Coxsackieviruses ** (Oct 03;Nov 93) (Pg.No:
589;AP3-Pg.No: 707)

14. Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ** (Feb 22;Feb 19) (Pg.No: 606;AP3-

Pg.No: 724)

15. CSF Analysis (Aug 19) (Pg.No: 575;AP3-Pg.No: 693)

16. Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (Mar 22) (Pg.No: 610;AP3-Pg.No:

729)

17. Listeriosis (Pg.No: 580;AP3-Pg.No: 698)

18. Tuberculous Meningitis (Pg.No: 581;AP3-Pg.No: 699)

Page: 105