CHAPTER 1

A. Presentation of Data

a. Demographic Data
i. Present and Projected Population of users
The current student population at Tacul Agricultural High School is 562 and the
projected population in 10 years using the population growth formula (x(t) = x0 ×
(1 + r) t), where x(t) is the final population after time t; x0= initial population; r=
rate of growth (%) which is 13.9% annually; t= no. of years, will be 2066 students
and in 15 years will be 3959 students.
ii. Population distribution of users
There are 562 students wherein 278 are female and 284 are male and 32 teachers.
iii. Population Density (in relation to the Proposed Facility)
The population density of the proposed new Tacul Agricultural High School will
be a 1:45 student-per-classroom ratio.
iv. Growth Trends of users (Related to the Proposed Facility)
The development of the new Tacul Agricultural High School will encourage
students to be enrolled in the new school as it will provide facilities that are
needed in an agricultural school that will help students to be productive in their
chosen TVE courses.
b. Industry Profile
i. This consists of pieces of information relative to the particular industries or aspects of
the economy. The following are some examples of industries that need to be studied
relative to a number of thesis topics.

Industries Thesis Topic

Education Industry Agricultural School Development

Education Industry

Schools, colleges, universities, and different private institutions make up the

education industry. The education industry provides students with the knowledge
and abilities necessary to adapt to a workplace that is always changing. Many
businesses in the sector work to give their clients access to lifelong learning. Tacul
Agricultural High School is a public secondary learning institution offering a
basic education curriculum from Grades 7 to 12. The school adopted the Special
Program for Technical-Vocational Education.
 CHAPTER 2: CASE STUDIES

The design development of the proposed project will be focusing on sustainable

tropical architecture. Tropical architecture embodies sustainable design in numerous aspects.
Since the Philippines is located in tropical regions, development is suitable for the project.
Sustainable architecture aims to lessen the negative effects that structures may have on the
environment. They strive to lessen the negative effects of the contemporary built environment
on the environment and its resources (Architropics, 2023). Here are some ways tropical
architecture can be sustainable.

Energy Efficiency Through Passive Design\

Sustainable architecture aims to lessen the negative effects that structures may have
on the environment. They strive to lessen the negative effects of the contemporary built
environment on the environment and its resources (Architreecture, 2023).

Minimizing Impact on The Land and Environment

The goal of sustainable design is to use energy and material resources efficiently and
sparingly in order to reduce the negative effects of buildings on the environment.
Additionally, the development's footprint and the larger ecosystem are taken into account. A
conscientious attitude to energy consumption and ecological preservation is on the rise, with
consideration given to both the immediate impact and the long-term effects on future
generations (CoxGomyl., 2022).

Outdoor Living and Connecting with Nature

It is good to include nature and outside areas in tropical buildings. Outdoor living spaces are
advantageous in many ways due to our tropical climate and surrounding surroundings.
Tropical climates do not have extremely cold winters that would make outdoor activities
intolerable. These areas experience mild daytime and nighttime temperatures, as well as year-
round (Architropics, 2023).

Managing Water Scarcity

Green water scarcity poses a serious threat to agricultural water security. In order to
offset transpiration losses during the intake of breathable carbon dioxide associated with
photosynthesis, soil moisture must be taken up by plant roots and transported up to the
leaves. Thus, the availability of green water in the root zone affects plant growth
(Falkenmark, 2013).

Use Locally Available Materials and Skills

The advantage of using local materials is that it lessens the considerable

environmental effects of long-distance material transportation. In the opinion of many, it also
offers some less obvious advantages, such as promoting regional construction styles, boosting
the local economy, and putting users in direct contact with the results of their decisions
(BuildingGreen, 2023).
 CHAPTER 3
A. Identification / Assessment of needs
a. What is the current situation and what are the best strategies to be Implemented
or applied to the development of your design?
Current Situation Best Strategies
The classroom temperature is Sun shadings like vertical or horizontal
unsatisfactory. louvers and ventilation should be
installed to minimize room temperature.
The air quality of the classrooms is Wider windows (jealousy type) to allow
humid. maximum airflow.
Classroom sizes are small which makes Make the classroom bigger to provide
the classroom acoustics loud. space for moving inside the classroom.
The room layout is unsatisfactory.
Visibility of students inside the Correct placements of students inside
classrooms as other students block their the classroom.
sight.
Poor quality of classroom furniture that Choose good quality classroom
makes the students uncomfortable. furniture for students’ comfort.
There is no recreational facilities due to Construct a multipurpose building that
the small lot size of the school. will accommodate school activities or
programs.
Facilities for the TVE classrooms are Provide a well-planned facility that
inadequate or unavailable. helps the students in their TVE training.
The school has a library but there is not The library is where knowledge can be
enough space to accommodate many obtained. Providing a well-designed
students at a time library will encourage the student to
read books and learn.
The clinic and the faculty room are The clinic should be separated from the
located in the same space. faculty room to avoid disturbances and
noise.
Comfort rooms were not usable due to Provide water tanks to store water
 the availability of water supply. incase of water interruption.

b. What are the new trends that can be adopted for your proposed project?
• Offsite construction (prefabrication)
Offsite construction or prefabricated construction is a construction method
where building elements are manufactured in a factory or workshop away
from the construction site before being delivered and assembled on-site.
• Advance building material
The future of building materials looks promising as researchers continue to
develop new and more advanced components. One trend is the use of
advanced building materials that are more effective and longer-lasting than
traditional materials. These materials are also becoming increasingly
affordable, making them a more viable option for construction projects.
• Green buildings
Decreasing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions is one of the key
advantages of green buildings. Additionally, green buildings often
consume less water than conventional structures, which can aid in the
preservation of this priceless natural resource. The selection of
ecologically friendly materials is crucial when designing a green
construction. Today, a variety of environmentally friendly products are
readily available, such as low-VOC paint, low-VOC carpets, and bamboo.
As they frequently do not include toxic chemicals or other pollutants, these
materials benefit the environment and enhance the quality of life for
residents.
• Solar energy panel roofing
Thin photovoltaic (PV) sheets, often known as solar roof tiles or building-
integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), can be retrofitted to current roofing
materials. This enhances its aesthetic appeal and enables architects to
include them in a design without compromising the building's appearance.
B. The Site
a. Site Selection Criteria
The site selection criteria of the project will be in accordance with P.D. 856 or the
Code on Sanitation of the Philippines which states that:
 • The school site shall not be located on a steep hill or slope but in a
position to receive the maximum amount of sunlight.
• The area shall be large and suitable enough, to accommodate building
expansion, recreational area, and other school facilities.
• The school shall not be adjacent to railways, broken by highways, or near
factories or other properties where unnecessary noises, odors, dust, soot,
gases, or other disturbances would likely interfere with the school
activities.
• The school site shall have an accessible water supply.
• The area shall be easily drained.
b. The Selected Site and its Justification
The selected site is located at Purok Blucon, Tacul, Magsaysay, Davao del Sur.
The site is being relocated because the current site is near a fault line which is an
earthquake-prone area. The existing site is also not large or suitable enough to
accommodate building expansion, recreational area, and other school facilities.
The existing site is also located on a sloping terrain which is not suitable for
school events or activities. The selected site meets the site selection criteria in
accordance to P.D. 856 or the Code on Sanitation of the Philippines.

Figure 1. Proposed General Land Use Map of Magsaysay, Davao del Sur, CLUP 2017-2025.
Figure 2. Existing Land Use Map of Magsaysay, Davao del Sur per Barangay.

Figure 3. The Proposed Site.

 Figure 4. Topographic Map of the Proposed Site.

c. Site Analysis

Figure 5. Site Analaysis.

 Figure 6. Sun Path Direction.

i. Physical Data
a. Man-made features
i. Existing senior high school buildings
ii. Temporary classroom for junior high school
b. Natural Physical features
i. Existing coconut, mango, and mahogany trees.
c. Utilities
i. Electrical post and water line.
d. Roads
i. Major Barangay Road A (farm to the market road)
ii. Minor road B (going to the site)

ii. Cultural Data

a. The site is an agricultural area but there is an existing senior high school
building and temporary classrooms.
b. The area where the site is located is the new location of Barangay Tacul,
Magsaysay, Davao del Sur as the current location of the barangay is settled
in a fault line which was hit by the 2019 earthquake.
 c. The site total lot area is 49,034 sqm.

d. SWOT Analysis
Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
• The site is • Establishm • The school • Natural
accessible ents like will calamities
to the printing provide or
users. shops and Agricultur disasters.
• The site school al,
topography supply technical,
is almost stores are and
flat. not vocational
• The site is available education
far from near the courses
the site. that offers
residential • The site is NC II after
area to far from completion
consider residential .
the areas but it • More
environme is students
ntal walkable. will enroll
concerns as the
of the school can
residents cater to
of the more
barangay students.
as live
stocks for
the animal
production
courses
were being
 raised
inside the
school.
• The school
will be
accessible
to the
native
people or
the
“lumads”.
• Abundant
water
supply.

e. Other Factors and Issues Relevant to the Site

i. Agricultural Area
The chosen site is located in an agricultural area. Since the proposed
development is related to agriculture, the site is suitable for the development.
ii. Residential Area
The site is near the relocation site of the Barangay and to local residents of the
Purok Blucon.
 Figure 7. Activity Flow Diagram.

C. Behavioral Analysis
a. Activity Flow Diagram
The daily activity flow of the users in the school is monotonous. Early in the
morning before going inside the school classrooms, security guards check the bags
for safety purposes. Flag ceremonies will be conducted at the open field. After the
flag ceremony, the students will go to their respective classrooms while waiting
for their teachers. After the regular class, the students from grades 8-10 will go to
their TVE class. Multipurpose buildings will only be used during certain school
programs or class activities.
 Figure 8. Space Configuration Diagram.

b. Environment – Behavior Studies

i. From the Activity patterns, how will this affect the overall Built Environment
and the general Environment of the Site/Site Location and Vice-Versa?
The activity flow of the school affects the overall built environment as there
are many activities that should be done within the day. The environment of the
site will also be affected due to the fact that this is an agricultural school that is
part of the curriculum to raise livestock and plant crops for animal production
and horticulture courses. These indicate that the school should have a bigger
area to facilitate the needs of an agricultural school.
ii. What are the Architectural Strategies available and applicable
• Passive Sustainable Design
The ideal method to manage daylighting and natural ventilation is to
utilize passive tactics, such as taking temperature and sun orientation
into account when choosing a site and being attentive about where and
how to operate windows. These strategies greatly reduce the building's
energy needs. Thermal mass methods can be utilized to capture solar
energy in some climates. In such circumstances, the building's thick
walls collect heat from the sun during the day and release it at night.
• Active Sustainable Design
 In order to incorporate high-efficiency plumbing, HVAC, and other
systems with minimal environmental impact, architects work with
mechanical and electrical experts.
• Renewable Energy Systems
Systems that use renewable energy, such as solar and wind energy, are
excellent choices for some structures. The employment of these
systems in conjunction with passive design techniques is common.
• Green Building Materials and Finishes
Architects boost the ante on sustainability by prioritizing buying steel,
lumber, concrete, and finishing items like carpet and furniture from
businesses that use eco-friendly manufacturing processes or recycled
materials.
• Native Landscaping
Water use in public buildings can be significantly influenced by
landscaping decisions. Using locally indigenous trees, plants, and
grasses can significantly minimize the demand for irrigation.
Additionally, landscaping can be used as a passive energy strategy.
Solar heat gain within the structure can be decreased by growing trees
that provide shade for the roof and windows during the hottest part of
the day.
• Stormwater Management
The water that doesn't evaporate during a rainstorm soaks back into the
ground, replenishing the natural water table. Rainfall acts differently
when there is a building on the site, together with parking lots,
sidewalks, access roads, and other hardscaping. These surfaces allow
water to run off and into storm drains. The damaging effects of
buildings on the environment can be lessened by introducing
stormwater management techniques, such as pervious pavement that
aids in reducing runoff and retention ponds that catch runoff and
gradually release water back into the ground.
c. Interrelationship Analysis
• Entrance/Exit
 Entrance and exits will be adjacent to the guardhouse and parking area. It
is also the access to the site.
• Guard House
Security and safety inside the school should always be prioritized therefore
providing a guard post or guard house is a must in every school.
• Parking Area
The parking area will be used by parents and faculty and some students
who use a private vehicle.
• Open Field
Open fields will be used for flag ceremonies, morning exercises,
evacuation sites, and other activities.
• Admin Building
The administration building will be composed of many spaces such as:
o Faculty room
o School clinic
o School Library
o School registrar
o Principal’s office
o Conference room
• Regular Classroom
Regular classrooms from grades 7 – 12 IEQ will be developed by
considering the IEQ as this is the current problem of the school.
• TVE Facilities
• Food Processing Facilities
This facility will be composed of a lecture room, laboratory room,
demonstration area, pantry, instructor’s office, and Comfort room.
• Electrical Installation & Maintenance
This facility will be composed of a lecture room, laboratory room,
demonstration area, storage for electrical supplies, instructor’s office,
and Comfort room.
• Computer Software Servicing
 This facility will be composed of a lecture room, laboratory room,
demonstration area, computer parts, and supplies storage, instructor’s
office, and Comfort room.
• Animal Production
This facility will be composed of a lecture room, laboratory room,
demonstration area, storage for farm equipment and feeds supplies,
instructor’s office, and Comfort room.
• Horticulture
This facility will be composed of a lecture room, laboratory room,
demonstration area, storage for farm equipment, instructor’s office,
greenhouse, and Comfort room.
• Multipurpose Building
It will be used for recreational activities like sports and also for school
activities.

Figure 9 . Bubble Diagram

 i. Present the space programming through matrices or bubble diagrams for the
whole proposed project.
d. Viability Studies
i. Technical Viability
1. Building Technology
• Solar energy panel roofing
• Rain Water Collecting System
• Vertical Farming
• Biogas System
2. Project Cost

Source: Statista.com

• According to (Statista, 2022), Institutional building projects in the

Philippines cost an average of 15,200 Philippine Pesos per square
meter as of the first quarter of 2021.
• Capital (probable Source of Funding) Public Government Funding
under Deped Davao del Sur Division Office.
 3. Operation and Maintenance
• Maintenance
Landscapers for maintaining the landscapes of the school
wall paints
maintenance for water supply connecting pipes.
• Safety precautions
PPEs
• Budgeting
Salary for the manpower.
ii. Time
1. Life Cycle of the proposed project (Including the probable future
projections and expansions)
The proposed project’s life cycle will last up to 10-15 years.
iii. Legal Viability
1. Indicate All Laws, Codes, Local policies, etc. that are essential to the
Proposed Project. (Do not Copy – Paste the Laws or code)
• DepEd Order No. 64, s. 2017
o Minimum Performance Standards and Specifications (MPSS)
For Deped School Buildings (Section V).
• Deped Order No.28 s. 2008
o – Pre – Construction Stage
• PD 1096- NBCP (Rule VII – Classification and General Requirements
of All Buildings by Use or Occupancy)
o Section 701. Occupancy Classified
i. under Group C – Education &Recreation
ii. under Group I – Assembly Occupant Load 1000 or
More
iii. under Group J – Accessory, Division 1- Agricultural
Structures
iv. Section 707. Maximum Height of Building
v. Table VII.4
• BP 344 – Accessibility Law
A. General Provisions
 ii. Accessible Ramps
iii. Slip Resistant Materials
iv. Handrails and Grab Bars
v. Parking
vi. Signages
vii. Stairs
B. Outside And Around Buildings
i. Dropped Sidewalks
ii. Curb Ramps
iii. Sidewalks and Walkways
iv. Thresholds
C. Inside Buildings and Structures
i. Accessible Entrances
ii. Doors
iii. Switches
iv. Toilets and Baths
• RA 9514 – Fire Code of the Philippines
o Rule 10. Fire Safety Measures
i. Division 3. Classification Of Occupancy
ii. Division 5. Means Of Egress
iii. Division 6. Features Of Fire Protection
• PD 856 – Code on Sanitation of the Philippines
o Chapter 6. School Sanitation & Health Services
i. Section 4. Site Requirements
a. 4.2 General Criteria for Selection of School Site
b. 4.3 Requirement for Establishing Schools
• RA 1378 – National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
o Chapter 3 – Regular Regulations
o Chapter 4 – Plumbing Fixtures
o Chapter 6 – Water Supply and Distribution
o Chapter 7 – Excreta Drainage System
o Chapter 8 – Indirect Waste Piping, Wet-vented System and
Special Waste
 o

iv. Financial Viability

1. Current Property Values and possible ROI Schemes to be related to the project’s possible
source of capital.

The property value of the site is 15,200 per sqm. The current property value is
estimated to be 48,381,600 pesos with an area of 3,183 sqm. including the existing building
and the temporary classrooms. The possible source of capital for this project is coming from
public funding under Deped Davao del Sur Division Office.
 CHAPTER 4: SYNTHESIS

A. Design Philosophy
“The whole purpose of architecture is to make people happy, then we make it green at
the same time because it’s an ethical thing to do for the environment.” – Ken Yeang
B. Design Goals and Objectives
Goals:
• To design an agricultural school that will help the students, especially the
“lumads” who can’t afford to go to college.
• To encourage students, to appreciate agriculture.

Objectives:
• To design a sustainable agricultural school.
• To incorporate the culture within the locality.
• To apply green building design.
C. Design Concept
Sustainable tropical Architecture
D. Design Parameters
• Room Requirements
In accordance with DepEd Order No. 64, s. 2017
a. Classroom Size
The size of the classroom for elementary and secondary schools must be 7.0
meters in width/depth x 9.00 meters in length or 9.00 meters in width/depth x
7.00 meters in length measured from the centers of the walls.
b. Windows
2. The windows must be of bilateral fenestration (transparent or
translucent), operable louver type. The window must allow the entry of
daylight even if it is closed.
3. The total area of window openings must be at least 10.00 square
meters to provide natural ventilation and illumination.
4. The window sill must not be lower than 0.60 meters for single-story
buildings or higher than 0.90 meters for multi-storey buildings from
the finished floor line (FFL).
 5. The minimum height of the fixed louver or transom window above the
operable windows is 0.30 meters.
6. The window panels, when opened, must not be an obstruction along
the corridor.
7. The window metal frames and jalousie holders must be sturdy enough
to withstand vandalism.
c. Doors
1. There shall be two (2) doors for every classroom.
2. The swing-out should be 180 degrees.
3. The doors must be 0.90 meters in clear width and 2.10 meters in clear
height.
4. The doors must withstand normal wear and tear and shall be provided
with keyed lever-type locksets.
d. Floor
1. The floor must be of a non-skid finish (grayish color).
2. The classroom FFL should be higher than the corridor FFL by 25
millimeters.
3. The first-floor finish elevation must not be less than 225 millimeters
and 325 millimeters for single-story and multi-storey school buildings,
respectively. The elevation may be increased depending on the history
of the flood level.
4. A ramp must be provided with a maximum slope of 1:12 in compliance
with the Accessibility Law (B.P. No. 344), of non-skid finish, and
properly labeled.
e. Ceiling
1. The ceiling must be a drop-type ceiling.
2. The clear height of rooms from FFL to the finished ceiling line (FCL)
must be at least 2.70 meters.
3. Materials to be used for the ceiling must provide thermal comfort
inside the classroom.
4. Maintenance access to the ceiling cavity must be through the corridor.
f. Roofing
1. The roofing material must be adequately protected from rust/oxidation,
salt air, acid rain, or other sources and forms of corrosion. If made of
 metal, the roofing sheets shall be of 0.40 mm base metal thickness
(BMT) and securely fastened to the roof frames.
2. For single-storey school buildings, gutters may not be included
however, a properly sloped trench drain on both sides must be
provided.
3. For multi-storey school buildings, the roof must be provided with
concrete gutter and eaves which shall be at least 1.10 meters from the
corridor.
g. Partitions
The partitions must be from floor to ceiling.
h. Corridors
1. The corridor for single-storey school buildings shall not be less than
1.50 meters.
2. For multi-storey school buildings the corridors must not be less than
2.50 meters and should be provided with steel railings at a height not
less than 1.50 meters.
i. Stairways
1. For multi-storey school buildings, concrete stairs must have a width of
not less than 1.50 meters.
2. Number of stairways per school building shall comply with the
requirements stipulated in the National Building Code of the
Philippines (NBCP).
3. Handrails with steel railings must be provided.
j. Fire Protection
1. All school buildings shall comply with R.A. No. 9514, otherwise
known as the Fire Code of the Philippines (FCP) and its latest
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR). The requirements shall
include a fire alarm system, a standpipe system, pressure and gravity
tanks, hose boxes/reels, extinguishers, and other firefighting
equipment, including an automatic sprinkler system (NFPA 13). In
addition, 3-storey and 4- storey school buildings should be compliant
with NFPA 25.
2. Fire escapes must be provided for multi-storey school buildings
following the requirements of the Fire Code of the Philippines.
k. Chalkboard
The classroom must be provided with a built-in curved chalkboard
measuring 4.88 meters wide by 1.22 meters tall, with mounting heights
and specifications as per DepEd standards.
l. Painting
1. The standard paint/color schedule of DepEd school buildings shall be
as follows:

2. Paint materials for internal finish must be independently certified lead-

safe paints/coatings.
3. All new school buildings should follow the standard color scheme
above, except in the following cases:
i. A different dominant color scheme already exists. In such
cases, the dominant color scheme may be applied.
 ii. Designs and/or accents depicting local culture or school
approaches are practiced. In such cases, the same
design/accents may be adopted.
iii. In both cases above, no additional cost may be charged.
4. No new design, accent, or color scheme different from what is hereby
prescribed and/or from what already predominantly exists under Item 3
above may be proposed/introduced.
5. There is a need to ensure, as far as practicable, the uniformity of all
public-school buildings essentially to provide an environment for
educational activities, and effective teaching and learning. At the same
time, the DepEd encourages and promotes regional diversity and
cultural identity.
m. Roof Markings
Roof Markings shall be painted on the main building or the tallest building
of the school. It shall include only the DepEd logo and School ID Number.
Details and specifications shall be as follows:

Note: The distance between the DepEd Logo and the School I.D Number
shall be at least 2.00m.
n. Wall Markings
1. All walls must be free from any markings, except the following which
may be painted on separate prominent places:
i. DepEd Name, Seal, Logo, Mission, Vision, and Core Values
ii. Portraits and Sayings of National Heroes
iii. Name, ID, and Location of school.
2. An interior wall section may be selected and dedicated for the
recognition of sponsors, donors, and other school partners, provided
that the recognition material shall follow a standard metal plaque
format that will be mounted on the wall.
 o. Ventilation
Natural ventilation shall be primarily supplied by the windows and vents.
Artificial ventilation inside each classroom shall be supplied by two (2)
units of oscillating ceiling fans.
p. Illumination
Illumination falling at a desk or armrest should be taken with combined
artificial and natural lighting. Illumination at all staircases and fire exit
stairs shall comply with R.A. No. 9514 and its IRR.
• Types of Rooms
o Regular classrooms
o TVE classrooms
o Faculty Room
• No. of rooms
The number of rooms will be based on the projected population of students in
15 years which will be 3959 students, considering the 1:45 ratio, it will be 88
classrooms.
• Floor Area of Rooms and Spaces
The floor area of rooms will be in accordance with Deped Order No. 28 s.2008
which is 7m x 9m in all public secondary schools regardless of class sizes.