EPH/AKR/OBA-ILE/0112/001

HYDROGEOPHYSICAL SURVEY
REPORT FOR GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT

At the Site of

MR OLUWAFEMI OSEWA
OLUWATEDO ROAD C, OBA-ILE, AKURE NORTH L.G.A OF ONDO STATE.

By

08126801941

JANUARY 2024

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

3. PHYSIOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY

4. DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6. CONCLUSION

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Geophysical investigation carried out to locate fissured, fractured zones and

associated groundwater containing media at the site of OLUWATEDO ROAD C,
OBA-ILE, AKURE NORTH L.G.A OF ONDO STATE. The study was carried out
on 12th January, 2024. The successful exploitation of basement terrain
groundwater requires a proper understand of its hydro-geological characterizing.
This is particularly important in view of the discontinuous nature of basement
aquifers (satpathy and kanugo, 1976). Hence, drilling programme for groundwater
development in areas underlained by basement terrain is generally preceded by
detailed geophysical investigations.

In basement complex terrain, groundwater occurs either in the weathered mantle

or in the joints and fracture system in the unweathered rocks (Olorunfemi and
Olorunmiwo, 1985; Ako and Olorunfemi, 1989; Olayinka and Olorunfemi, 1982).

The highest groundwater yield in basement terrain is found in areas, where thick
overburden overlies fractured zones (Oloruniwo and Olorunfemi, 1987; Olorunfemi
and Fasuyi, 1993). These zones are often characterized by relatively low
resistivity. The vertical electrical sounding (VES) was used to delineate the
different subsurface units and their characteristics, the subsurface structure and
its influence on the general hydro geophysical investigation in the study area.

The Objectives of the study are as follows:

➢ To determine the overburden thickness

➢ To determine the resistivity of geo-electric layers present in the study area.
➢ Locating potential site for groundwater and proper sitting of borehole.
➢ To delineate fractural zone in the sub – surface.
➢ To recommend appropriate location for borehole drilling.

2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Geophysical investigation for groundwater potential was carried out at the site of
OLUWATEDO ROAD C, OBA-ILE, AKURE NORTH L.G.A OF ONDO STATE,
with the aim of delineating suitable point for groundwater development.
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o Vertical electrical sounding using Schlumberger configuration was used to delineate the sub-
surface geology of the study area. The electrode spacing (AB/2) was varied from 1.0m to
100m.
o Two (VES) station was probed within the study area and the data obtained were interpreted
through partial curve matching and computer iteration method. The curve types are HA&AA.
The interpreted data indicates four geo-electric layers, namely Top soil, Laterite, partly
Weathered Basement and Bedrock.
o The sounding point is feasible and viable for drilling.
o The study area is suitable for drilling with anticipated Low level of groundwater potential.
o The Overburden Depth of the Sounding point is about (9.1 – 10.2)m
o Partly Weathered layer thickness (6.7 – 7.4)m
o The Total Depth (90 – 120)m
o The groundwater potential in the preferred location may be considered feasible, with
anticipated low-level rating of groundwater prospects.

3.0 PHYSOIGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY

The study area is at the site of OLUWATEDO ROAD C, OBA-ILE, AKURE NORTH
L.G.A OF ONDO STATE, The study area is underlain by basement rocks, comprise of folded
gnesis, schist, quartzite, older granite, and amphibolites/ mica schist (Jones and Hocky
1964, Rahman, 1975).

The occurrence of groundwater in crystalline rocks depends on the extent and depth
weathering and featuring.

3.1 CLIMATE AND VEGETATION

The study areas fall within the humid tropical region which is characterized by wet
and dry seasons. The wet season usually occur from March to October and is dominated
by heavy rainfall. The dry season occurs from November to March when the area is under
the influence of North – easterly winds.

The annual rainfall is estimated to about 1600mm. the mean monthly

temperature ranges between 25.70c in July and 30.20c in February, and the average
annual temperature is 26.60c.
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4.0 DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING

Two electrical sounding was carried out at the location within the study area, using
Digital 1000 Earth (Conductivity Meter). The electrode arrangement was Schlumberger
with electrode separation of (AB/2) = 100m. The apparent resistivity values obtained from
the measurement were plotted against half the current electrode spacing on a log – log
graph in order to determine the apparent resistivities and thickness of the layers. The
curves were interpreted quantitatively by matching small segments of the field curves.
Using two layer model curves and the corresponding auxillary curves. The resistivities and
thickness obtained from the partial curve matching results were used for computer
iteration using the resist software vander (1988)

5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The interpretation of field resistivity data are in terms of resistivities and depth to the
bedrock and interfaces across which a strong electrical exists. The analysis and
interpretation of the surveyed data shows four geo-electric layers. These layers are first
layer, top soil which consists of the various rock types from sandy clay to lateritic clay to
compact sand. The second is the weathered basement / fresh / highly resistive basement.
The fresh basement is characterized by low resistivity value and may be contended on for
groundwater, the weathered zone and fractured basement which have relatively
moderate resistivity value also constitute low water zone.

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5.1 Geoelectric Section

The quantitative interpretation of the VES data resulted in the production of numbers of
geo-electric section. The section provides composite information along lithologic depth,
the geo-electric section revealed four subsurface geo-electric layers. The top layer which
consists of (Sandy clay) has resistivity value ranging from (36.4 – 161.8)m , The
maximum layer thickness is (0.7 – 3.6)m.

The resistivity of the second layer (Laterite) is (32.5 – 48.5)m while the thickness (6.6 –
8.4)m. The third layer is the Partly Weathered Basement which has layer thickness is (6.7
– 7.4)m with resistivity value ranging from (105.5 – 111.6)m. The layer may be feasible
for groundwater accommodation if the fractures are interconnected and permeable.

The Bedrock which is the fourth layer is characterized by high resistivity value, is
(2065.1 – 2384.3)m.

5.2 Groundwater Potential Evaluation

The overburden is thin (9.1 – 10.2)m across the study area, but apparently saturated with
water. In addition, the geological bedrock (the basement) across the study area is
apparently dry. Thus, it’s not envisaged to contribute to the groundwater yield from the
overburden and partly weathered layer.

Consequently, the delineated geo-electric sequence and interpreted geophysical

parameters are envisaged to sustain Low groundwater yield in the study area.

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5.3 Summaries of Interpretation

Layer Lithology Resistivity Range Thickness Geological

(m) (m) Implication

1st Top Soil 36.4 – 161.8 0.7 – 3.6 Sandy clay top soil

2nd Laterite 32.5 – 48.5 6.6 – 8.4 Constitutes part of the

overburden saturated

3rd Partly Weathered 105.5 – 111.6 6.7 – 7.4 Apparently Saturated

Basement with water

4th Bedrock 2065.1 – 2384.3 Bedrock

6.0 RECOMMENDATION / CONCLUSIONS

The interpreted results obtained from the study area are represented by a geo-electric section
which shows the sequence and relationships between the subsurface lithologies. The result shows
that selected location is characterized with fresh basement underneath.

From the Geo – Electric Parameters.

➢ Preferred Location: VES 1, Alternative VES2

➢ Overburden depth of about: (9.1 – 10.2)m
➢ Partly Weathered layer thickness: (6.7 – 7.4)m
➢ Total depth: (90 – 120)m
➢ Expected yield: Low groundwater abstraction
➢ Curve Type(s): AA&HA.
➢ Geological Formation: Granite.
➢ Aquifer Type: Overburden/partly Weathered Basement

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RESISTIVITY FIELD RECORD

DATE: 12th January, 2024.

SITE DESCRIPTION: the site of OLUWATEDO ROAD C, OBA-ILE, AKURE NORTH L.G.A OF
ONDO STATE.

AB/2 a1 a2

(m) (m) (m)
1.0 80 126
2.0 40 64
3.0 42 45
4.0 38 47
6.0 41 36
8.0 46 45
10.0 49 63
12.0 55 42
15.0 54 48
20.0 63 55
25.0 79 68
30.0 94 89
35.0 107 93
40.0 121 119
50.0 151 148
65.0 222 184
70.0 202 209
80.0 267 248
100.0 311 293

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GEOELECTRIC SECTION

VES 1 VES 2
(Resistivity) (Thickness) (Resistivity) (Thickness)

36. 3 16 0
4 . 1. .
 8 7
6
m  m
m m

8
.
32
4
4 6 .5 m
8 . 
. 6 m
5 m

m

1 6
0 .
5
7
.
5 m

m

7
.
1 4
1 m 10
1.
6

m
 EPH/AKR/OBA-ILE/0112/001

2
23
0
8
6
4.
5
3
.

1
m

m

TOP SOIL LATERITE PARTLY

WEATHERED BASEMENT

BEDROCK

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VES1

CHURCH
10.8m

VES2 14.35m

S
H
O
P CHURCH
S

THE SKETCH MAP OF THE STUDY AREA

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