What is Flag?

- A flag is a piece of fabric with a distinctive design and

colours. It is used as a symbol, a signaling device, or decoration.

Philippine Flag colors, symbols and meaning

BLUE - symbolized patriotism and justice
RED - represent valor and blood spilt for freedom and independence
WHITE - represent peace and purity, the triangular shape also represent
the equality

Three (3) Stars

- this 3 stars represent the main geographical regions of Philippines ;
Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao
Luzon - ‘’Lusong’’ na ginagamit naman sa pagtanggal ng ipa at
darak sa palay. Ito ang bituin na sumasagisag sa kasipagan nating mga
piipino.
Mindanao - ‘’Danaw’’ o ‘’Lawa’’, Ito ay sumasagisag sa tungkulin ng
mga pilipino na pangalagaan at ingatan ang kalikasan gaya ng yamang-
tubig ng ating bansa.
Visayas - ‘’Masaya’’, sumisimbolo ito sa likas na pagiging masayahin
nating mga pilipino.
Ang araw ay sumisimbolo sa kaliwanagan isipan
8 rays of the sun - provinces that led Philippines uprising against spanish
rules
*Maynila *Bataan
*Bulacan *Laguna
*Pampanga *Batangas
*Nueva Ecija *Cavite

*When the color RED is at the top, it means that there is an alert or
warning of war.
Who designed the flag? - The design was conceived by the former
President Emilio Aguinaldo. The exact shade of blue is debated; many
variants were used by subsequent government.
Sewn the flag - Marcela Mariano De Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, Delfina
Herbosa De Natividad in HongKong.
*5 Days lang itinahi ang Philippine Flag
June 12, 1898 - pinakita sa publiko ang unang pagwagayway ng ating
bandila sa bintana mismo ng ating dating pangulong Aguinaldo.
PHILIPPINE BILL OF RIGHTS NG 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
3 CONSTITUTION
a) Constitution of Governement
b) Constitution of Sovereignty
c) Constitution of Liberty

CONSTITUTION OF LIBERTY OR BILL OF RIGHTS

- Article 3, 22 sections
BILL OF RIGHTS - important rights of a man, serves as a protection of filipino people from the
abusement of states and individuals.

Section 1 - NO PERSON SHALL BE DEPRIVED OF LIFE, LIBERTY OR PROPERTY WITHOUT THE DUE
PROCESS OF LAW
*Human Body is sacred
Liberty - freedom to do anything without the permissions of others
RIGHTS OF PROPERTY - sell, owner, use properties

Section 2 - RIGHTS AGAINST UNLAWFUL SEARCH AND SEIZURES

- The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and
no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined
personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the
witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or
things to be seized.

Excemptions to this rights

*CUSTOM SEARCHES
*CHECKPOINTS
*CONFISCATE
*CONSENT SEARCHES

Section 3 - RIGHT TO PRIVACY OF COMMUNICATION AND CORRESPONDENCE

*Fruit of a poisonous tree Doctrine
(1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of
the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any
purpose in any proceeding.

Section 4 - FREEDOM OF SPEECH, OF EXPRESSION OF THE PRESS OR RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE

PEACEBLY TO ASSEMBLE AND PETITION THE GOVERNMENT FOR REDNESS OF GRIEVANCES

2 Aspects
-Freedom of Censorship
-Freedom from Punishment for speech

Section 5 - FREEDOM OF RELIGION

- No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination
or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or
political rights.

2 Aspects
- Freedom of beliefs - absolute
- Freedom to do want you believe
Section 6 - LIBERTY OF ABODE AND THE RIGHT TO TRAVEL
- The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be
impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in
the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.

*Excemption to this
- war
- rebel
- spread of viruses

Section 7 - RIGHT TO INFORMATION

- The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to
official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as
well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the
citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.
*Symbol of Democracy

Section 8 - RIGHT TO ASSEMBLY AND ASSOCIATION

- The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions,
associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.

Section 9 - PRIVATE PROPERTY SHALL NOT BE TAKEN FOR PUBLIC USE WITHOUT JUST
COMPENSATION
- the confiscation of your land is necessary for the good,
*You must be fairly compensated
- Inflation
- Appriciation value of the land
- Potential Benefit
- Heed due to process
*INHERIT POWERS OF THE STATE
- Power of Eminent Domain
- Police Power
- Power of Taxation

Section 10 - NO LAW IMPAIRING THE OBLIGATION OF CONTRACT SHALL BE PASSED

Section 11 - FREE ACCESS TO COURT FOR THE POOR

- Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied
to any person by reason of poverty.

Section 12 - MIRANDA RIGHTS

1) any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed
of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own
choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These
rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel.
2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall
be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of
detention are prohibited.
3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible
in evidence against him.
4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as
compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families.

‘’You have the right to remain silent, Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court
law. You have the right tospeak to an attorney, and to have an attorney present during any
questionig, be provided for you at government expense.’’
Section 13 - RIGHT TO BAIL
- All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of
guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on
recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.
Exemption to this
- If the evidence against the defendant is very strong.

Section 14 - RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS

(1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law.
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved,
and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause
of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face
to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of
evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of
the accused provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.

Section 15 - THE PRIVILEDGE OF THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS SHALL NOT BE SUSPENDED EXCEPT
IN CASES OF INVASION OR REBELLION WHEN THE PUBLIC SAFETY REQUIRES IT
*Habeas Corpus - Latin word ‘’produce the body’’

Section 16 - ALL PERSONS SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT TO A SPEEDY DISPOSITION OF THEIR CASES
BEFORE ALL JUDICIAL, QUASI-JUDICIAL, OR ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES
- Justice delayed is justice denied
*Article 8, Section 15
Supreme Court - 24 months
Court of Appeals - 12 months
Lower Courts - 3 months

Section 17 - NO PERSON SHALL BE COMPELED TO BE A WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF

Section 18 - 1) NO PERSON SHALL BE DETAINED SOLELY BY REASON OF HIS POLITICAL BELIEFS AND
ASPIRATIONS
2) NO INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE IN ANY FROM SHALL EXIST EXCEPT AS A PUNISHMENT
FOR A CRIME WHEROF THE PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN DULY CONVICTED
* September 21, 1972 - Proclamation 1081 Batas Militar
- Rights against Involuntary Servitude
- Peonage - also called debt slavery or debt servitude, is a system where an employer compels a
worker to pay off a debt with work.

Section 19 - a) EXCESSIVE FINES SHALL NOT BE IMPOSED, NOR CRUEL, DEGRADING OR INHUMAN
PUNISHMENT INFLICTED. NEITHER SHALL THE DEATH PENALTY BE IMPOSED, UNLESS, FOR
COMPELLING REASONS INVOLVING HEINOUS CRIMES, THE CONGRESS HEREAFTER PROVIDES FOR
IT. ANY DEATH PENALTY ALREADY IMPOSED SHALL BE REDUCED TO RECLUSION PERPETUA
Mga bawal na parusa
*torture o magreresulta sa onti-onting at marahas na kamatayan
- pagsunog ng buhay
- paglunod
- pagputol ng bahagi ng katawan
*Heinous Crimes -anumang pagkakasala na labis na masama, kasindak sindak, at malupit para sa
pananaw ng ating lipunan
- pagtratraydor sa bayan
- pagpatay
- paglalako ng droga
- panggagahasa
- onti-onting pagpatay
*Reclusion Perpetua = 20 - 40 years imprisonment
b) THE EMPLOYMENT OF PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, OR DEGRADING PUNISHMENT AGAINST ANY
PRISONER OR DETAINEE OR THE USE OF SUBSTANDARD OR INADEQUATE PENAL FACILITIES UNDER
SUBHUMAN CONDITIONS SHALL BE DEALT WITH BY LAW
* Bureau of Corrections

Section 20 - NO PERSONS SHALL BE IMPRISONED FOR DEBT OR NON-PAYMENT OF A POLL TAX

Section 21 - NO PERSON SHALL BE TWICE PUT IN JEOPARDY OF PUNISHMENT FOR THE SAME
OFFENSE. IF AN ACT IS PUNISHED BY A LAW AND AN ORDINANCE, CONVICTION OR ACQUITAL
UNEREITHER SHALL CONSTITURE A BAR TO ANOTHER PROSECUTION FOR THE SAME ACT.
- Right against Double Jeopardy

Section 22 - NO EX POST FACTO LAW OR BILL OF ATTAINDER SHALL BE ENACTED

*Ex post facto law
- which makes an action done before the passing of the law and which was innocent when done,
criminal, and punishes such action; or. which aggravates a crime or makes it greater than it was when
committed;
* Bill of Attainder
- a piece of legislation that declares a party is guilty of a crime. Bills of attainder allow the government
to punish a party for a perceived crime without first going through the trial process.
What is the legal basis of the National Service Training Program (NSTP)?
- The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law or RA 9163 also known as “An Act Establishing
the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for tertiary level students amending for the purpose
Republic Act No. 7077 and Presidential Decree No. 1706, and for other purposes.” was enacted last
January 2002 to amend the Expanded ROTC.
- aimed to enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the
ethics of service and patriotism

3 COMPONENTS OF NSTP
ROTC
LTS
CWTS

Reserve Officer’s Training Corps [ROTC]

- institutionalized under Section 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, designed to provide military
training to motivate, train organize and mobilize them for national defense preparedness.

Civic Welfare Training Service [CWTS]

- general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement
of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment,
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and moral of the citizenry and other social welfare services.

Literacy Training Service [LTS]

- to train the students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out-of-school youth
and other segments of society in need of their services.

Who are covered by the NSTP Law?

- All incoming freshmen students, male, female, starting school year (SY) 2002-2003
(1) NSTP component of their choice, as a graduation requirement; All higher and technical-vocational
education institutions must at least offer one (1) of the NSTP components.
- State Universities and Colleges (SUC’S) shall offer ROTC component and atleast one other NSTP
component, The Philippine Military Academy (PMA), The Philippine Marine Merchant Academy
(PMMA), Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are excempted from the NSTP.
- Atleast 350 student cadets, Department of Science and Tactics (DMST), The Armed Forces of the
Philippines (AFP)

What is the duration and equivalent course unit of each of the NSTP Component?
- (2) semesters for 54 to 90 training hours per semester. It shall be credited for three (3) units per
semester.

What fees shall be charged to students taking any of the NSTP components?
- No other fees shall be collected except basic tuition fees,

Who will manage the NSTP implementation?

- The school authorities shall exercise academic and administrative supervision on the design,
formulation, adoption and implementation of the different NSTP components in their respective
schools.
*In the case of ROTC, the school authorities and Department of National Defense (DND), subject to
the policies, regulations and programs of DND on the military component of the training, shall
exercise joint supervision over its implementation.
THE NSTP- CWTS DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
S-afety and Security
E-ducation
R-ecreation
V-alues Formation and Moral Recovery
I-ndustry and Entrepreneurship
C-are for Health
E-nvironment

*Safety and Security - This area involves disaster preparedness during fire, earthquake or other
calamity
*Education - This area involves enhancement of institutional support materials and facilities for the
community and school
*Recreation - This area involves sports fest, parlor games
*Values Formation and Moral Recovery
- This involves the development of youth to be good leaders, responsible individuals
*Industry and Entrepreneurship - This area includes programs and activities that are vital to economic
growth.
*Care for Health - This area aims to give knowledge on medical-related fields and extend health
services needed in the community
* Environment - This areaenvironmental awareness and its contribution to health and related fields
inculcates.

CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

CONCEPT OF A BILL OF RIGHTS

- It is a declaration and enumeration of a person’s rights and privileges which the Constitution is
designed to protect against violation by the government, or by individual or groups of individuals.

CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

1. Political Rights – the power to participate directly or indirectly in the establishment or
administration of the government.
2. Civil Rights – a law which secures private individuals for the purpose of securing enjoyment of their
means of happiness.
3. Social and Economic Rights – intended to insure the well – being and economic security of an
individual.
4. Rights of the Accused – intended for the protection of a person accused of any crime

STATE AUTHORITY AND INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM

1. State, an instrument to promote both individual and social welfare.
2. Conflict between individual rights and group welfare.
3. Balancing of individual and group rights and interests.
4. Role of the Judiciary.

BILL OF RIGHTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FILIPINO CITIZEN

CONSTITUTION - The written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are
established, limited, defined and by which these powers are distributed among the several
departments or branches for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the people
CITIZENS OF THE PHILIPPINES
 People who were already citizens when this Constitution was adopted.
 People whose parents are citizens of the Philippines.
 People born before January 17, 1973, to Filipino mothers, but they have to choose Philippine
citizenship when they become adults.
 People who become citizens through a legal process called naturalization.
DUTIES & OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZENS
 To be loyal to the Republic
 To defend the State
 To contribute to the development and welfare of the State
 To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws
 To cooperate with duly constituted authorities
 To exercise rights responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others
 To engage in gainful work
 To register and vote

FLAG AND HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Republic Act No. 8491
- An act prescribing the code of the national flag, anthem, motto, coat of arms and other heraldic
items and devices of the philippines.

The National Flag of the Philippines (Filipino: Pambansang Watawat ng Pilipinas) is a horizontal flag
bicolor with equal bands of royal blue and crimson red, with a white, equilateral triangle at the hoist.
In the center of the triangle is a golden-yellow sun with eight primary rays, each representing a
Philippine province. At each vertex of the triangle is a five-pointed, golden-yellow star, each of which
representing one of the country's three main island groups—Luzon, Visayas (though originally
referring to Panay) and Mindanao.

LIBERTY - right to choose, freedom

EQUALITY- state of being equal ; equal to all others in a specific group
FRATERNITY - brotherly love ; feelings of friendship and mutual support between people

SECTION 1.
Short Title. This act shall be known as the "Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines."

SECTION 3. Definition of Terms

Whenever used in this Act, the term:

a) "Military" shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines including the Philippine
National Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and the Bureau of Fire Protection;
b) "Festoon" shall mean to hang in a curved shape between two points as a decoration;
c) "Flag" shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless stated otherwise;
d) "Fly" shall mean the part of the flag outside the hoist or length;
e) "Symbol" shall mean any conventional sign which reveals man's achievement and heroism (for
orders and decorations), identification, authority and a sign of dignity (for coat-of-arms, logo and
insignia);
f) "Half-Mast" shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top and bottom
of the staff;
g) Halyard –the long rope where the flag fastens and which runs up the length of the flag pole
h) Inclement weather- that a typhoon signal is raised in the locality
i) National Anthem- “Lupang Hinirang”
j) Official Residences- Malacanang and other government owned
k) Places of Frivolity- places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous merriment or recreation
l) Advertisement or Infomercial- any information material in print, radio, television, cinema, video
and the like, outdoor & electronic media seeking to promote individuals, entities, products or
services for commercial, political purposes or information campaigns
m) Heraldic Items and Devices- coat of arms, seals, logos, insignia, badges, flashes, patches, orders,
decorations, medals on letterheads, envelopes and cards
n) Government Entities- all branches of government
o) Vexillary Items- national, local, house flags or administrative, institution, corporate, unit and
other organization’s banners