TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 2
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1. Scenario................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2. Background and history of elevator ........................................................................................ 3
1.3. Aims ........................................................................................................................................ 4
1.4. Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 4
1.5. Concept ................................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2. Pre-lab ............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1. Hardware design ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.1. AT89C52......................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.2. Crystal oscillator ............................................................................................................. 8
2.1.3. Voltage regulator............................................................................................................. 8
2.1.4. Capacitor ......................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.5. LED ................................................................................................................................. 8
2.2. Floors and Delays ................................................................................................................... 9
2.3. Flowchart/algorithm/state transition diagram ....................................................................... 10
2.4. Embedded C Coding ............................................................................................................. 12
2.5. Simulation ............................................................................................................................. 13
CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 17
3. Lab works...................................................................................................................................... 17
3.1. Results ...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2. Results evaluation ................................................................................................................. 20
3.3. Post lab .................................................................................................................................. 21
CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................................ 23
4. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 23
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 24
APPENDIX .......................................................................................................................................... 25
EE 2003 Lab 1 (Elevator System) U1060761

CHAPTER 1

1. Introduction

1.1. Scenario

The elevator is a very common system that can be seen in multi-storeys buildings. The
design of such a system is aimed at reducing the effort in climbing up and down the
building. But there are certain buildings which demand utmost security and indications
when there are intruders. As part of the security, it is proposed to implement a security
system to the elevator of the building. But there are certain buildings which demand
utmost security.

Here, the students are expected to design an elevator system with security settings so as to
alert the security when there are intruders. Assuming that the building is UL1 storied,
there are push switches to trigger the respective operations. Assume that there are three
switches, A, B, C for start, move up and down the elevator and UL1 number of switched
inside the elevator.

Triggering of switch A would turn on the system. This system can be operated only by
the authorized person, hence it should be password protected. Thus when the person
triggers the switch A, it should demand for the password. Wrongly entered password
would trigger an alarm, so the security officer would be alerted.

After the person has entered the correct password the system activates the switches A and
B. Pressing of either of the switches would open the door of the lift. Once the person has
entered, the door closes and now the display would show the floor number he is currently
in. There are UL1 switches inside triggering of any of these switches would indicate the
destination of the passenger. This would turn on the motor so that the elevator would
move upwards or downwards as instructed. Assume that it takes UL2 seconds to move to
the subsequent floor.

If any other person who is on a different floor wants to use the elevator to go upwards or
downwards the elevator should stop at the floor he is currently on and open the door,
provided he has entered the correct password. If the person has triggered the switch C
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when the elevator is going upwards then it will not stop at that floor, provided some other
person on the same floor has not triggered B and vice versa. Once the other person has
entered he has to use the switches inside the elevator to select his destination. Every
person who has to use the elevator has to enter the password. This is ensured by checking
the number of times the password is entered and detecting the number of persons
entering. This may be done with the help of sensors. Here another challenge is to identify
the person who has not entered the password and a sound alarm when he tries to enter the
elevator.

1.2. Background and history of elevator

The electric motor was introduced in elevator construction in 1880 by the German
inventor Werner von Siemens. His car, carrying the motor below, climbed its shaft by
means of revolving pinion gears that engaged racks at the sides of the shaft. An electric
elevator was constructed in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1887, operated by an electric motor
turning a revolving drum on which the hoisting rope was wound (National Elevator
Manufacturing Industry Inc.).

Within the next 12 years, electric elevators with worm gearing connecting the motor and
drum came into general use except in tall buildings. In the drum elevator the length of the
hoisting rope, and therefore the height to which the car can rise, are limited by the size of
the drum. The space limitations and manufacturing difficulties prevented the use of the
drum mechanism in skyscrapers. The advantages of the electric elevator, however,
including efficiency, relatively low installation costs, and virtually constant speed
regardless of the load, spurred inventors to search for a way of using electric motive
power in skyscrapers. Counterweights creating traction on electrically driven sheaves
solved the problem. Since the introduction of electric motive power for elevators, various
improvements have been made in motors and methods of control. Originally the motor
switch and the brakes were operated mechanically from the car by means of hand ropes.
Soon electromagnets, controlled by operating switches in the car, were introduced to
throw the motor switch and to release a spring brake. Push-button control was an early
development, later supplemented by elaborate signal systems. Safety devices have been
highly developed. In 1878 Charles Otis, a son of the inventor of the original car safety,

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introduced a similar mechanism connected to a speed governor that applied the safety if
the car was traveling at a dangerous speed, whether or not the rope broke. In later car
safeties, clamps were used to grip the guide rails so as to bring the car to a stop gradually.
Today so-called governors control a series of devices to slow down the car if it is
speeding only slightly, to shut off the motor and apply an electromagnetic brake if the car
continues to accelerate, and then to apply the mechanical safety if the speed becomes
dangerous. The use of automatic programming equipment eventually eliminated the need
for starters at the ground level of large commercial buildings, and thus the operation of
elevators became completely automatic. Automatic elevators are now generally employed
in all types of buildings. The World Trade Center in New York City, with its two 110
story towers, had 244 elevators with carrying capacities of up to 4536 kg and speeds of up
to 488 m per min The 110-story Sears-Roebuck Building in Chicago has 109 elevators
with speeds of up to 549 m per min (Funk and Wagnall’s Corporation).

1.3. Aims

This lab is carried out with the aim of designing and implementing an elevator system
which will fulfil the criteria given. This elevator system can be referred to existing
systems nowadays.

1.4. Objectives

The objectives of this lab are:

 To interpret the software modelling diagrams

 To develop codes, debug, and simulate the codes using software
 To understand interfacing concepts
 To verify the required results on display
 To implement software Keil uVision4 and Proteus in designing the traffic light
system

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1.5. Concept

For this particular elevator system, a 3 storey elevator was designed. It consists of ground
floor, first floor, and second floor. The elevator is protected with a security system that
will ask the user to enter a password in order to going up.

Figure 1

As can be seen in Figure 1 above, the ground floor of the elevator system is protected
with a password. So, the user will have to enter a password in order to going up either to
first or second floor. User in first floor can choose to go up to second floor up go down to
ground floor while user in second floor can go down only.

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CHAPTER 2

2. Pre-lab

2.1. Hardware design

First of all, the apparatus to conduct this lab were prepared. They are listed below.

2.1.1. AT89C52

After considering the size of the code and the internal architecture requirements, an
AT89C52 microcontroller has been chosen. AT89C52 is an 8-bit microcontroller and
belongs to Atmel's 8052 family. It can be erased and program to a maximum of 1000
times. In 40 pin AT89C52, there are four ports designated as P1, P2, P3 and P0. All these
ports are 8-bit bi-directional ports which mean that they can be used as both input and
output ports. Except P0 which needs external pull-ups, rest of the ports have internal pull-
ups. When 1s are written to these port pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups
and can be used as inputs. These ports are also bit addressable and so their bits can also
be accessed individually.
Port P0 and P2 are also used to provide low byte and high byte addresses, respectively,
when connected to an external memory. Port 3 has multiplexed pins for special functions
like serial communication, hardware interrupts, timer inputs and read/write operation
from external memory. AT89C52 has an inbuilt UART for serial communication. It can
be programmed to operate at different baud rates. Including two timers &
hardware interrupts, it has a total of six interrupts.

Some of the features that have made the AT89C52 popular are:

 8KB on chip program memory

 128 bytes on chip data memory (RAM)
 4 register banks
 128 user defined software flags
 16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or less)
 Bit as well as byte addressable RAM area of 16 bytes
 16-bit program counter and data pointer

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The assigned function for each pin of the microcontroller is as below

Table 1: Pin Description

Pins Used Description

1 (T2) P1.0 connected to D0 of LCD
2 (T2 EX) P1.1 connected to D1 of LCD
3 P1.2 connected to D2 of LCD
4 P1.3 connected to D3 of LCD
5 P1.4 connected to D4 of LCD
6 P1.4 connected to D5 of LCD
7 P1.6 connected to D6 of LCD
8 P1.7 connected to D7 of LCD
9 (RST) Connected to ‘reset ‘button with VCC
10 (RXD) P3.0 connected to LED of Elevator Door
11 (TXD) P3.1 connected to LED of Ground Floor
12 (INT 0) P3.2 connected to LED of First Floor
13 (INT 1) P3.3 connected to LED of Second Floor
14 (T0) P3.4 connected to LED of Motor Going Up
15 (T1) P3.5 connected to LED of Motor Going Down
16 (WR) P3.6 connected to RW of LCD
17 (RD) P3.7 connected to RS of LCD
18 (XTAL1) Connected to crystal oscillator
19 (XTAL2) Connected to crystal oscillator
20 (GND) Connected to ground
21 (A8) P2.0 connected to Column 1 of Keypad
22 (A9) P2.1 connected to Column 2 of Keypad
23 (A10) P2.2 connected to Column 3 of Keypad
24 (A11) P2.3 connected to Row 1 of Keypad
25 (A12) P2.4 connected to Row 2 of Keypad
26 (A13) P2.5 connected to Row 3 of Keypad
27 (A14) P2.6 connected to Row 4 of Keypad
28 (A15) P2.7 connected to E of LCD
29 (PSEN)
30 (ALE/PROG)
31 (EA/VPP) Enable pin connected to VCC
32 (AD7)
33 (AD6) P0.6 connected to GO DOWN from second
floor
34 (AD5) P0.5 connected to GO DOWN from second
floor
35 (AD4) P0.4 connected to GO UP from first floor
36 (AD3) P0.3 connected to GO UP from ground floor
37 (AD2) P0.2 connected to SECOND FLOOR button
38 (AD1) P0.1 connected to FIRST FLOOR button
39 (AD0) P0.0 connected to GROUND FLOOR button
40 Connected to VCC

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2.1.2. Crystal oscillator

Most of the IC and microcontroller will need a crystal oscillator to make them run
perfectly. Basically, crystal oscillator is an electronic component that uses resonance of
vibrating crystal to create a very precise frequency electrical signal and usually used to
count duration of timer. The crystal oscillator will provide stable clock signal for IC. The
type of crystal oscillator used in this task is quartz crystal. Each instruction cycle of
crystal used in this project takes 1us to operate. In this lab, a 12 MHz quartz crystal is
used for the AT89C52 microcontroller.

2.1.3. Voltage regulator

The voltage regulator used in this project is LM7805CT.Tthe input leg of the voltage
regulator will be connected to the 12 V DC line and the middle leg will be connected to
ground. As the result from leg output, a stable 5V DC voltage will be produced.

2.1.4. Capacitor

In this lab, a 33 pF capacitor is used. This capacitor will be connected in series with the
crystal oscillator. This capacitor is used to stabilise the frequency of the oscillator.

2.1.5. LED

Light Emitting Diode (LED) is used in this lab as well to display the output from each pin
of the microcontroller. Three different colour of LED is used which are red, yellow, and
green.

Figure 2: From left: AT89C51 microcontroller, 12 MHz crystal oscillator, LM7805 voltage regulator, LED, 33 pF capacitor

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2.2. Floors and Delays

The number of floors was achieved by using the UEL1 (last digit of UEL ID). In this
case, UEL ID is U1060761, so last digit is 1. Since 1 floor of elevator is impossible, last
digit of IC number was used. IC number is 860601-23-6677, so last digit which is 7 will
be the number of floors.

Unfortunately, AT89C52 microcontroller only has 40 pins and the components has filled
up most of the ports, so only 3 floors are available for designing the elevator using this
microcontroller.

The delay for the system was achieved by using 0.5 of UEL2 (2nd last digit of UEL ID).
In this case, UEL ID is U1060761, so the 2nd last digit is 6. Then 0.5 of 6 is 3. This means
that the floor changing delay will be 3 seconds.

AT89C51 is a 16 bit microcontroller, 2^16=65,536 KB / second. The 2nd last digit is

multiplied with the frequency of the microcontroller which is 1 MHz and then divided by
the internal cycle is which is 10,000. The value is then subtracted from 65,536. This value
is in decimal, so it needs to be converted to hexadecimal.

3 x 1,000,000 = 3,000,000

3,000,000 / 10,000 = 300

65,536 – 300 = 65,236 (in decimal)

Converting = FED4 (in hexadecimal)

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2.3. Flowchart/algorithm/state transition diagram

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Figure 3: Flowchart

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2.4.Embedded C Coding

Figure 4: Declarement of Bits

Figure above shows the pins declaration. As can be seen, all four ports were used as the outputs
which are Port0, Port1, Port2, and Port3. While figure below shows the timer of the system. As
calculated above, the delay for 3 seconds in hexadecimal is FED4. This value was inserted into
TH0 and TL0.

Figure 5: Timer Delay Function

As for the main body function of the code, ‘while’ loop, ‘case’ statement, ‘for’ loop, and ‘if else’
loop are used to execute the coding. The full coding is as per attached at Appendix section later.

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2.5. Simulation

The simulation for this system has been done using Keil uVision4 and Proteus software.
The coding was written and debugged using Keil uVision4 while the simulation was done
using Proteus.

Figure 6: Ports and Timer Peripherals

Figure 7: HEX File process

Using the Keil uVision4 software, the coding was converted to .hex file after debugged.
This .hex file was then used for the microcontroller simulation in Proteus.

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Figure 8: Circuit Diagram of Elevator System

Figure above shows the initial condition of the elevator system. As the go up button from
the ground floor is pressed, the user will be asked to enter the password set by the
administrator. Figure below shows the password being keyed in to the system.

Figure 9: Password Authentication

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Figure 10: Password Accepted

Figure above shows that the correct password has been entered and the user is now able to
choose to go up to any floor desired. Figures below show the process of the elevator
going up and down.

Figure 11(a): Motor Going Up Figure 11(b): Door Opens at First Floor

Figure 12(a): Door Opens at Second Floor Figure 12(b): Motor Going Down

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Figure 13: Wrong Password Demonstration

Figure above shows the wrong password has been keyed in. the LCD will display a
warning and user will be asked to enter the password again. If three consecutive wrong
passwords entered, the system will not allow any more trial and the security officer will
come and restart the whole system.

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CHAPTER 3

3. Lab works

The physical implementation of this lab was done by firstly connecting the circuit of the
system on the breadboard. The connection is as shown in methodology part above. Then,
5 V DC power supply was given to the circuit. The complete connection of the elevator
system on the breadboard is as shown below.

Door OPEN Ground First Going UP Second Motor Motor

Floor Floor Button Floor UP DOWN

Figure 14

Figure above shows the complete connection of the elevator system on breadboard. As
can be seen by the arrow, the yellow LED represents ‘Door Open’, green LED represents
the floors, and the red LED represents the motor which is going up and down. The going
up button which will initiate the system is also implemented as shown above. Spaces for
other buttons are provided at pin 33 – 39.

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Figure 15

After 5 V DC power supply was provided to the circuit, the LCD and all the LEDs will
light on. This indicates that the circuit connection is correct and the microcontroller is
functioning perfectly. This is shown in figure above.

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Figure 16

As the reset button which is at pin 9 is pressed, the system will start. As can be seen in
figure above, the LED that indicates the ground floor is the only one turning on now. At
this particular time, the LCD should display message then the user will be required to
enter password to proceed, but due to some technical problem, the wording on the LCD is
not showing up.

After consulting with the lecturer, it is safe to say that there is something wrong with the
resistance in the LCD which caused this problem. But the rest of the physical
implementation was a success and the logics run perfectly.

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3.1. Results evaluation

After the two stages of testing the elevator system which are simulation and
implementation of hardware, it is satisfied to say that the results are at its expected
because they are consistent with each other. The delay on simulation and real time
experiment is exactly 3 seconds and the logic is working perfectly.

This shows that all procedures are followed correctly during the conduction of this lab.
However, some error occurs during the burning process of the coding into the
microcontroller. This is causing the hardware to fail to work. But thanks to the lecturer
that gave support and knowledge to the student, this problem has been identified and
repaired.

The connection on the breadboard is also an important thing to highlight. It is a must to

double check the connection before supplying a power supply. This is because some
connection might become loose or in touch with each other.

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3.2. Post lab

As stated in the post lab task, a system that will detect a user who has not entered the
password can be designed to improve the system. This is because not all user of the
elevator will have the password to the system i.e. guests from outside the building.

To implement this improvement, a system that can detect an access card can be
considered. Guests will be provided with an access card upon registration in order for
them to be able to use the elevator. Smart cards have been advertised as suitable for
personal identification tasks, because they are engineered to be tamper resistant. The chip
usually implements some cryptographic algorithm.

Differential power analysis involves measuring the precise time and electrical
current required for certain encryption or decryption operations. This can deduce the on-
chip private key used by public key algorithms such as RSA. Some implementations
of symmetric ciphers can be vulnerable to timing or power attacks as well.

Smart cards can be physically disassembled by using acid, abrasives, or some other
technique to obtain unrestricted access to the on-board microprocessor. Although such
techniques obviously involve a fairly high risk of permanent damage to the chip, they
permit much more detailed information (e.g. photomicrographs of encryption hardware)
to be extracted.

In order to implement this, the one and only extra pin of the AT89C52 microcontroller
can be used to attach this magnetic receiver. To make an easy understanding, this whole
smart access card system is replaced with an LED. If the receiver detects the magnetic
chip on the smart card, the LED will turn ON and the system will be bypassed so that
password is no longer needed to activate the elevator. The coding for bypassing this
password system by providing the smart access card is shown in the Appendix section
below.

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Figure 17: Circuit Diagram With LED as Smart Access Card System

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CHAPTER 4

4. Conclusion

As for the conclusion, it can be concluded that several tasks and steps with a very strict
rules has been carried out to find a result of a working model that simulated and tested
succesfully, although alot of challenges were encountered and developed with the
developing of each level of the model, and with fighting all this challenges the aim of the
project was achieved. Finally it can be seen on how much this project was more than
penefectial to the student, moreover we could understand that time is not an easy thing to
be decleared and followed and we got the difficulty of producing one elevator system.
Nonetheless, the objectives and aims of this lab were successfully achieved.

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REFERENCES

 Pressman, R.S. (2000) Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5th Ed,

McGraw-Hill
 Wilmshurt, T. (2001) The Design of Small Scale Embedded Systems, Palgrave
 Cooling, J.E. (2003) Software Engineering for Real Time Systems, Addison
 Theagarajan, R. (2004) Microprocessor and Its Application. New Age International.
 Theodore F. Bogart, Jr. (2004) Electronic Devices and Circuit. 6th Ed.
 Thomas L. Floyd (1992) Electronic Devices. 4th Ed.
 Yuzuru, T. (2003) Meme Media and Meme Market Architectures. Wiley – IEEE.
 Deakin. A. (2009) Origin of Elevator [Online] Available at:
nd
http://www.articlealley.com. (Accessed: 2 January 2012)
 John Hewes (2010). Available at: http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/bread.htm.
(Accessed: 5th January 2012)

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APPENDIX
Coding for the traffic light systems:

#include <reg51.h>
sbit Floor_G=P0^0;
sbit Floor_1=P0^1;
sbit Floor_2=P0^2;
sbit GoUp_G=P0^3;
sbit GoUp_1=P0^4;
sbit GoDown_1=P0^5;
sbit GoDown_2=P0^6;
sbit Door=P3^0;
sbit Led_G=P3^1;
sbit Led_1=P3^2;
sbit Led_2=P3^3;
sbit Elevator_up=P3^4;
sbit Elevator_down=P3^5;
int level;
#define dataport P1
#define key P2
sbit rs = P3^7;
sbit rw = P3^6;
sbit en = P2^7;
sbit Column1=key^0;
sbit Column2=key^1;
sbit Column3=key^2;
sbit Row1=key^3;
sbit Row2=key^4;
sbit Row3=key^5;
sbit Row4=key^6;
int check=0;
int digit[4]={0,0,0,0};
int dig_one=0;
int dig_two=7;
int dig_three=6;
int dig_four=1;
int i,count=0;
int lock_output;
void delay(unsigned int item) {
unsigned int i, j;
for(i=0;i<item;i++)
for(j=0;j<1275;j++); }
void lcd_cmd(unsigned char item) {
dataport = item;
rs= 0;
rw=0;
en=1;

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delay(1);
en=0;
return; }
void lcd_data(unsigned char item) {
dataport = item;
rs= 1;
rw=0;
en=1;
delay(1);
en=0;
return; }
void lcd_data_string(unsigned char *str) {
int i=0;
while(str[i]!='\0') {
lcd_data(str[i]);
i++; }
return; }
void lcd(unsigned char str[10]) {
lcd_cmd(0x38);
lcd_cmd(0x0e);
lcd_data_string(str); }

void ans() {
if(check>3) {
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lcd_cmd(0x82);
lcd_data_string(" ACCEPTED! ");
lock_output=1;
delay(200);
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lcd_cmd(0x82);
lcd_data_string(" WELCOME! ");
lock_output=1;
delay(500); }
else {
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lcd_cmd(0x82);
lcd_data_string(" DENIED! ");
lock_output=0;
delay(200);
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lcd_cmd(0x82);
lcd_data_string("PLEASE RESTART! ");
lock_output=0;
count++;
delay(500); }}
void code_check() {
if(i<=3 ) {
switch((i+1)) {
case 1: {

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if(dig_one==digit[0]) {
check=check+1; }
break; }
case 2: {
if(dig_two==digit[1]) {
check=check+1; }
break; }
case 3: {
if(dig_three==digit[2]) {
check=check+1; }
break; }
case 4: {
if(dig_four==digit[3]) {
check=check+1; }
break; } }}
if(i==3){
ans();}}
void display(int a){
switch(a){
case 1:{
lcd_data('1');
delay(30);
digit[i]=1;
code_check();
break; }
case 2:{
lcd_data('2');
delay(30);
digit[i]=2;
code_check();
break; }
case 3:{
lcd_data('3');
delay(30);
digit[i]=3;
code_check();
break; }
case 4:{
lcd_data('4');
delay(30);
digit[i]=4;
code_check();
break; }
case 5:{
lcd_data('5');
delay(30);
digit[i]=5;
code_check();
break; }
case 6:{

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lcd_data('6');
delay(30);
digit[i]=6;
code_check();
break; }
case 7:{
lcd_data('7');
delay(30);
digit[i]=7;
code_check();
break; }
case 8:{
lcd_data('8');
delay(30);
digit[i]=8;
code_check();
break; }
case 9:{
lcd_data('9');
delay(30);
digit[i]=9;
code_check();
break; }
case 0:{
lcd_data('0');
delay(30);
digit[i]=0;
code_check();
break; }}}

void check_Column1(){
Row1=Row2=Row3=Row4=1;
Row1=0;
if(Column1==0)
display(1);
Row1=1;
Row2=0;
if(Column1==0)
display(4);
Row2=1;
Row3=0;
if(Column1==0)
display(7);
Row3=1;
Row4=0;
if(Column1==0) {
Row4=1; } }
void check_Column2() {
Row1=Row2=Row3=Row4=1;
Row1=0;

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if(Column2==0)
display(2);
Row1=1;
Row2=0;
if(Column2==0)
display(5);
Row2=1;
Row3=0;
if(Column2==0)
display(8);
Row3=1;
Row4=0;
if(Column2==0)
display(0);
Row4=1; }
void check_Column3() {
Row1=Row2=Row3=Row4=1;
Row1=0;
if(Column3==0)
display(3);
Row1=1;
Row2=0;
if(Column3==0)
display(6);
Row2=1;
Row3=0;
if(Column3==0)
display(9);
Row3=1;
Row4=0;
if(Column3==0) {
Row4=1; } }
void pass_ver() {
Column1=Column2=Column3=1;
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lcd_cmd(0x82);
lcd_data_string(" WELCOME! ");
lock_output=0;
delay(200);
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lock_output=0;
lcd_cmd(0x82);
lcd("WELCOME! ENTER PASSWORD");
check=0;
Row1=Row2=Row3=Row4=0;
while(Column1==1 && Column2==1 && Column3==1);
for(i=0;i<4;i++) {
delay(100);
lcd_cmd(0xc4+i);
Row1=Row2=Row3=Row4=0;

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EE 2003 Lab 1 (Elevator System) U1060761

while(Column1==1 && Column2==1 && Column3==1);

Row1=Row2=Row3=Row4=0;
if(Column1==0)
check_Column1();
else
if(Column2==0)
check_Column2();
else
if(Column3==0)
check_Column3();
if(count==4) {
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lcd_cmd(0x86);
lcd("SORRY");
lcd_cmd(0xc1);
lcd("NO MORE TRIALS"); }} }
// subrotuin for ground floor //
void ground(){
unsigned int x, y;
for(x=0;x<1000;x++)
for(y=0;y<1275;y++) {
if (Floor_1==1) {
Led_G=1;
Elevator_up=0;
delay(500);
Elevator_up=1;
level=1;
Led_1=0;
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
break; }
if(Floor_2==1) {
Led_G=1;
Elevator_up=0;
delay(500);
Led_1=0;
if(GoUp_1==1) {
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1; }
delay(400);
Led_1=1;
delay(500);
Elevator_up=1;
Led_2=0;
level=2;
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;

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EE 2003 Lab 1 (Elevator System) U1060761

break; } }}
// subrotuin for fist up&down//
void first_up(){
unsigned int x, y;
for(x=0;x<1000;x++)
for(y=0;y<1275;y++) {
if (Floor_G==1) {
Led_1=1;
Elevator_down=0;
delay(500);
Elevator_down=1;
level=0;
Led_G=0;
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
break;}
if(Floor_1==1) {
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
break; }
if (Floor_2==1) {
Led_1=1;
Elevator_up=0;
delay(500);
Elevator_up=1;
level=2;
Led_2=0;
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
break;;}}}
//subrotuin for secounds //
void second(){
unsigned int x, y;
for(x=0;x<1000;x++)
for(y=0;y<1275;y++) {
if(Floor_G==1) {
Led_2=1;
Elevator_down=0;
delay(500);
Led_1=0;
if(GoDown_1==1) {
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1; }
delay(400);
Led_1=1;
delay(500);

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Elevator_down=1;
Led_G=0;
delay(500);
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
level=0;
break; }
if(Floor_1==1) {
Led_2=1;
Elevator_down=0;
delay(500);
Elevator_down=1;
Led_1=0;
delay(500);
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
level=1;
break; }
if(Floor_2==1) {
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
level=2;
break; } }}

// MAIN PROGRAM //
void main(){
Elevator_down=1;
Elevator_up=1;
level=0;
P0=0x00;
Led_G=0;
Led_1=1;
Led_2=1;
while(1) {
if(GoUp_G==1) {
pass_ver();
if (lock_output==1) {
if(level==0) {

Led_G=0;
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
level=0;
ground(); }

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if(level==1) {
Elevator_down=0;
delay(500);
Elevator_down=1;
Led_G=0;
level=0;
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
ground(); }
if(level==2) {
Led_2=1;
Elevator_down=0;
delay(500);
Led_1=0;
delay(500);
Led_1=1;
delay(500);
Elevator_down=1;
Led_G=0;
level=0;
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
ground(); }}}
if(GoUp_1==1) {
if(level==0) {
Led_G=1;
Elevator_up=0;
delay(500);
Elevator_up=1;
Led_1=0;
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
level=1;
first_up(); }
if(level==1) {
Door=0;
Led_1=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
first_up(); }
if (level==2) {
Led_2=1;
Elevator_down=0;
delay(500);
Elevator_down=1;
Led_1=0;
Door=0;

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delay(400);
Door=1;
first_up(); } }
if(GoDown_1==1) {
if(level==0) {
Led_G=1;
Elevator_up=0;
delay(500);
Elevator_up=1;
Led_1=0;
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
level=1;
first_up(); }
if (level==2) {
Led_2=1;
Elevator_down=0;
delay(500);
Elevator_down=1;
Led_1=0;
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
first_up(); } }
if(GoDown_2==1) {
if(level==0) {
Led_G=1;
Elevator_up=0;
delay(500);
Led_1=0;
delay(500);
Led_1=1;
delay(500);
Elevator_up=1;
Led_2=0;
delay(500);
Door=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
level=2;
second(); }
if (level==1) {
Led_1=1;
Elevator_up=0;
delay(400);
Elevator_up=1;
Led_2=0;
delay(500);
Door=0;

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delay(400);
Door=1;
level=2;
second(); }
if(level==2) {
Door=0;
Led_2=0;
delay(400);
Door=1;
level=2;
second(); } } } }

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UEL Semester 3/2012