MECH 2340 Fluid Mechanics

QUESTION 2 |15 marks]

A gasoline line is connected to a pressure gage through a double-U manometer, as shown

in Figure Q2. If the pressure gage reading is 260 kPa, determine the gage pressure in the
gasoline pipe. Assume density of water as 1000 Kg/m'.
-OilSG =0.79
Pgage 260 KPa
Gasoline SG =0.70

Air 45 cm50 cm
22 cm
Pipe
P
10 cm

Water Mercury
SG= 13.6

Figure Q2
 friction) as shown in Figure
QUESTION 3 (20 marks] skates (negligible
ice with ice 2.5-cm-diameter
standing on directs a
An80-kg ice
skater is (essentially weightless) that is
flexible hose velocity at the hose outlet
03. She is
holding a skates. The water
horizontally parallel to her Kg/m. If she is initially
stream of water density of water as 1000
Assume
relative to the skater..
14 m/s (10 marks)
standing still, determine travels in 7 s.
the distance she (10 marks)
velocity ofthe skater and velocity at that
moment.
(a) the the
will take to move 8 m and
(b) how long it
Ice skater
14 m/s

D =2.5 cm

Figure Q3
 MECH 2340 Fluid Mechanics

Question 4[ 20 marks] =5 cm to D, = 10 cm, as shown in Figure Q4.

abrupt expansion from DË
Ahorizontal pipe has an the flow is turbulent. The pressure
in the
smaller section is 8 m/s, and
The water velocity in the 1000 Kg/m.Taking the kinetic energy
Assume density of water as
smaller section is Pi =410 kPa.
be 1.00 at both the inlet and the outlet, determine
correction factor to (10 marks)
and
(a) the downstream pressure P2, had been used.
(10
that would have occurred if Bernoulli's equation
(b)estimate the error
marks)
D, = 10 cm
D, =5cm
P?
Water

8 m/s
P=410 kPa
Figure Q4
Question 5[ 15 marks)
turbine through a 30- cm-diameter pipe at a rate of 0.6 m3/s and exits
Water enters a hydraulic
a 25-cm-diameter pipe, as shown in Figure Q5. The pressure drop in the turbine is
through efficiency of
mercury manometer to be 1.2 m. For a combined turbine-generator
measured by a kinctic energy
determine the net electric power output. Disregard the effect of the
83 percent, Kg/m'.
water as 1000
correction factors. Assume density of

We
30 cm

D Generator
Turbine

25 cm

AP = 1.2 mHg

Figure Q5
QUESTION 6 (20 marks]

is
a) The u velocity component of a steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow field
vis unknown. Generate an
u= ax + b, where a and b are constants. Velocity component
(5 marks)
expression for v as a function of x and y.
in Cartesian coordinates:
Consider the following steady, three-dimensional velocity field
V= (u, v, w) = (axy² - b)i- (2cy)j + (dxy)k. , where
a, b, c, and d are constants.
(7 marks)
Under what conditions is this flow field incompressible?
velocity components of a steady, incompressible flow field are known: u = 2ax +
6) Two
and v = axz - byz, where a, b, and c are constants. Velocity component w
bxy + cy'
expression for w as a function of x, y, and z. (8 marks)
is missing. Generate an

END OF PAPER
 Mechamcs
MECH 2340 Flud

QUESTION 1|20 markks

a. A75-L container is filled with l kg of air at a temperature of 27°C. What is the pressure (3)

in the container?
cxceptthat (5)
X. Two and nozzles,
firefighters are fightingafire with identical water hoses
nozzle in the same
direction
one is holding
the hose straight so that the water rleaves the
U-turn
water makes a
it comes (Fig. Qla), while the other holds it backward sothat the
a greaterreaction
before being dischargedd((Fig. Qlb). Which fire-fighter willexperiencea
force? Explain and discuss your answer.

Fig. Q1b
Fig. Qla
the Reynolds number is indeed dimensionless. (2)
verify that
Using primarydimensions, equation.
(3)
(three) assumptions involved with the Bernoulli
. List 3 vertical pipe of constant (S)
incompressible, frictionless flow of water in a
¬. Consider of water
240 kPa at 2 m abovethe ground level. The velocity
diameter. The pressure is level?
this flow. What is the pressure at 15 mabove ground
does not change during volume flow
3-cm-diameter pipe at a velocity of 0.55m/s. What is the (2)
A. Water flows in a
L/min and m²/s?
rate ofwater in the pipe in

/QUESTION 2(15 marks] ábove the grnd'at a rate of

lake to a reservoir 25 m
Water is being punped from alarge loss of the piping system is 5
hL
pump. Ifthe total irreversible head
25 L/s by a 10-kW (shaft) Assume density of water as 1000
efficiency of the pump.
m, determine the mechanical
kg/m'.
 Mechantet
VECH )) Fluid

QUESTION
The
3 |10 marks]
continuity cquntion cxpresses which law of (2)
b. The u
velocity conservation?
component of asteady, two dimensional, flow field is (8)
u= 4ar- bry', where a and b are incompresible
constants.
Generate an cxpression for v as a function of x Velocity component v is unki
andy.

QUESTION 4|15 marks]

A circular plate having a
diameter of 300 mm is held perpendicular to an
horizontal jet of air having a velocity of 40 m/s andV a axisymmetric
diameter of 8Ð mm as shown in Figure
Q4. A hole at the centre of the plate
results in a discharge jet of air having a velocity of 40
m/s and a diameter of 20mm.
Determine the horizontal and vertical component of force
required to hold the plate stationary. Neglect the friction between the
fluid and the plate. ý=l
1h
Plate

4Um/s
80mm 40 m/s.

20 mim

5 mm

Figure Q4

3
UESTI
Two watOeNr S| 20 mak]
reservoirs A nd
diamete cast iron Pipe are connected to each other through a 40 mlong. cm
swing check valve nnd awith har edged entrance (Figure )5) The pipe aln involves a
fully open gate valve. The water level in hoth reservoirs is the
same, but
reservoir Ais pressurized hy compressed nir while ceservoir Bin open to the
atmosphere at 98 kIa. If the initial flow ate through the pipe iin 12 /s, determine the
absolute air pressure in top of reservoir A.
Air

40m
A B
2 cm

Figure Q5
QUESTION 6 (20 marks]
falling between
Consider steady, incompressible, parallel, laminar flow of a viscous fluid
the walls is h, and gravity acts
two infinite vertical walls (Figure 06). The distance between
applied (forced) pressure
in the negative-z-direction (downward in the figure). There is no
constant everywhere in
driving the flow the fluid falls by gravity alone. The pressure is
the flow field. Calculate the velocity field.

Fixed Fixed
wall Fluid; wall
P

Figure Q6

END OF PAPER