MODULE 1 IN STS…

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE TO STS

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MAKE LIFE EASIER AND MORE COMFORTABLE FOR HUMAN..

ENABLE US TO SAVE BOTH TIME AND MONEY

OPENED UP NEW PERSPECTIVES AND UNDERSTANDING

AID IN THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE FIELD IN EDUCATION

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN OUR EVERYDAY LIVES

IT WILL MAKE THINGS EASIER FOR US

IT AIDS IN THE ORGANIZATIONOF OUR DAILY ACTIVITIES

THIS ALLOWS US TO COMPLETE OUR TASKS MORE QUICKLY

IT MAKES IT EASIER FOR US TO COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS

THIS ALLOWS US TO LEARN MORE ABOUT AND UNDERSTAND OTHER CULTURES AND SOCIETIES

HOW DO WE USED SCIENCE IN OUR DAILY LIFE ACTIVITIES

COOKING, EATING, BREATHING, BRUSH AND PASTE WE USE, THE SHAMPOO

EVERYTHING IS THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 1
GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

LESSON 1: INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION THAT DEFINED SOCIETY

LESSON OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
 Discuss how the ideas postulated by COPERNICUS, DARWIN, and FREUD contributed to the
spark of scientific revolution; and
 Analyze how scientific revolution is done in various parts of the world like in LATIN AMERICA,
EAST ASIA, MIDDLE EAST and AFRICA.
 B INTRODUCTION:

This lesson will give light to the development of science and technology
ideas in the heart of the society. It is the goal of this lesson to articulate ways
by which society transformed by science and technology.

Scientific Revolution

SCIENCE – is as old as the world itself. No individual that can exactly

identify when and where science begun. From the genesis of time,
SCIENCE has existed.

So SCIENCE defined as follows: SCIENCE AS AN IDEA – It includes ideas,

theories, and all available systematic explanations and observations
about the natural and physical world.
NATURAL WORLD – all of the animals, plants, and other things existing in nature and made or
caused by people

PHYSICAL WORLD – Is the only WORLD there is, or the only WORLD that is real. Traditionally,
materialism was a thesis about objects only, bodies exist, the only things that exist are material
things, the WORLD contains nothing but physical entities.

2. SCIENCE AS AN INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY – it encompasses a systematic and practical study of the

natural and physical world. This process of study involves systematic observation and
experimentation.EX. EXPERIMENT, OBSERVATION
3. SCIENCE AS A BODY OF KNOWLEDGE – it is a subject or discipline, a field of study, or a body of
knowledge that deals with the process of learning about the natural and physical world. This is what
we refer to as SCHOOL SCIENCE.
4. SCIENCE AS A PERSONAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITY – this explains that science is both knowledge and
activities done by HUMAN beings to develop better understanding of the world around them. It is
means to improve life and to survive in life.EX. CURIOSITY, CREATIVITY, SOLVING A PROBLEM

Human beings have embarked in scientific activities in order to know and understand everything around
them.
They have persistently observed and studied the NATURAL and the PHYSICAL world in order to find
meanings and seek answers too many questions

They have developed noble ideas, later known as philosophy, to provide alternative or possible
explanations to certain phenomena

Human also used religion to rationalize the origins of life and all lifeless forms.

16th – 18th century – the idea of scientific is claimed to have started in Europe.

WHY IN EUROPE?... because the invention of the printing machine and the blooming intellectual
activities done in various places of learning and the growing number of scholars in various fields of
human interests.

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION – was the period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of
mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed the views of society about
nature.
It explained the birth of modern science as a result of these developments from the disciplines
mentioned.
The ideas generated during this period enabled the people to reflect, rethink, and re examine their
beliefs and their way of life.
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION was the golden age for people committed to scholarly life in science but it was
also a deeply trying moment to some scientific individuals that led to their death or condemnation from
the religious institutions who tried to preserve their FAITH, RELIGION, and THEOLOGICAL views.
Some RULERS AND RELIGIOUS LEADERS DID NOT ACCEPT many of the early words of scientists. But
these did not stop people especially SCIENTISTS to satisfy their curiosity of the natural and physical
world.

Science ideas

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Humans Society

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION – is very significant in the development of human beings, transformation of the
society, and in the formulations of scientific ideas.
It significantly improved the conduct of scientific investigations, experiments and observations.
It is also led to the creation of the new research fields in science and prompted the establishments of a
strong foundation for modern science.
In many ways, scientific revolution transformed the natural world and the world of ideas.

SOME INTELLECTUALS AND THEIR REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS

To understand what exactly happened during the scientific revolution. It is important to examine the
different individuals whose ideas have shaken and contested the dominant theories and ideas during
this period.- THE TRUTHS AND THEIR TIME.

SCIENTISTS – are driven by their curiosity, critical thinking, and creativity to explore the physical and
natural world. Their love for science is driven by their deep passion to KNOW and to DISCOVER.

VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IDEAS, SCIENCE DISCOVERIES, AND
TECHNOLOGY

CREATIVITY

CREATIVITY SCIENTIST SCIENCE IDEAS

CURIOSITY PASSION TO KNOW SCIENCE DISCOVERIES

CRITICAL THINKING PASSION TO DISCOVER TECHNOLOGY

SCIENTIST - are not driven by clamor for honor and publicity. They are ordinary people doing
extraordinary things. Some SCIENTIST were never appreciated during their times, some were sentence
to death while others were condemned by the church during their time.

THREE NOTABLE SCIENTIST

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS – He is one of the Renaissance particularly in the field of science.

- he is a Polish astronomer and mathematician known as the father of modern astronomy.
- he was the first European scientist to propose that earth and other planets revolve around the
sun, the heliocentric theory of the solar system.
Heliocentric theory - it is a model in which the sun is assumed to lie at or near a central point,
(ex. Solar system or of the universe) while the earth and other bodies revolve around it.
ATIVITY 1: THINK ABOUT THESE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER IT
 1. What is the contribution of COPERNICUS in the philosophy of SCIENCE?
2. Do you think thought experiment is still useful in science in the present time?
3. Do you think the church should intervene in scientific activities?

CHARLES DARWIN
- Is a famous for his theory of evolution. He changed our concept of the world’s creation and its
evolution
- He believes that we humans are like other animals and hence are the produce of evolution
through selection.
- It is notorious that man is constructed on the same general type or model with other animals.

ACTIVITY 2.
1. WHAT IS DARWIN’S CONTRIBUTION TO MODERN SCIENCE?
2. HOW CAN DARWIN’S EVOLUTIONARY THEORY INFLUENCE THE FOLLOWING FIELDS IN
MODERN TIMES:
- ECONOMY
- AGRICULTURE
- POLITICAL SCIENCE
- RELIGION
PLEASE RESEARCH OR GOOGLE YOUR ANSWER.

3. SIGMUND FREUD
- FREUD is famous figure in the field of PSYCHOLOGY.
- His theory postulates that adult personality is made up of three aspects ; the id, the ego and the
super ego.
- Means that human behavior is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts , and urges.

Activity 3.
1. BY LOOKING FOR OTHER SOURCES AND LITERATURES, WHAT ARE THE CONTROVERSIES ON
FREUD’S IDEAS?
2. HOW CAN YOU DESCRIBE FREUDIAN IDEAS AS A SCIENTIST?
3. IF FREUD IS STILL ALIVE, WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE THE MAJOR CHANGES HE WOULD MAKE
TO HIS THEORY?

CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN MESOAMERICA

- MESOAMERICA includes the entire area of CENTRAL AMERICA from SOUTHERN MEXICO up to
the boarder of SOUTH AMERICA. THEREFORE, MESOAMERICA is rich in culture and knowledge
prior to the arrival of its EUROPIAN COLONIZERS

1. MAYA CIVILIZATION
- Is one of the famous civilization that lasted for approximately 2000 years.
- They are known for their works in ASTRONOMY.
- They incorporated their advance understanding of astronomy into their temples and other
religious structures
- They used this temples for astronomical observation. Example, the PYRAMID AT CHICHEN ITZA
IN MEXICO is situated at the location of the sun during the spring and fall equinoxes
- Mayan knowledge and understanding about celestial bodies was advanced for their time, as
evidenced by their knowledge of predicting eclipse and using astrological cycles in planting and
harvesting.
- They are also known for measuring time using two complicated calendar system. These calendar
were very useful for their life especially in planning their activities and in observing their
religious rituals and cultural celebrations.
- Mayans also developed the technology for growing different crops and building elaborate cities
using ordinary machineries and tools. They built hydraulics system with sophisticated waterways
to supply water to different communities
- Furthermore, they used they used various tools and adapt themselves to innovations especially
in the field of arts.
- The MAYAN built looms for weaving cloth and devised a rainbow of glittery paints made from a
mineral called MICA.
- They are also believed to be one of the first people to produce rubber products 3000 years
before goodyear received its patient in 1844.
- The MAYANS are considered one of the most scientifically advanced societies in MESOAMERICA
- They are also famous as one of one of the world’s first civilization to use a writing system known
as the MAYAN HEIROGLYHICS
- They are also skilled in MATHEMATICS and created a number system based on the numeral 20.
- They independently developed the concept of zero and positional value, even before the
ROMANS did

INCA CIVILIZATION:
- Is also famous in MESOAMERICA. The INCA’S made advanced scientific ideas considering their
limitations as an old civilization

The following were scientific ideas and tools that they developed to help them in everyday life:
 a. Roads paved with stones
b. Stone buildings that surround earthquakes and other disasters

Irrigation system and technique for storing waters for their crops to grow in all types of land
c. Calendar with 12 months to mark their religious festivals and prepare them for planting season
d. The first suspension bridge
e. Quipo, a system of knotted ropes to keep records that only experts can interpret
f. Inca textiles since cloth was one of the specially prized artistic achievements

AZTEC CIVILIZATION
- HAS ALSO MADE substantial contributions to science and technology and to the society as a
whole.

Contributions :
1. The AZTEC puts value on education, that is why their children are mandated to get education
regardless of their social class, gender , or age. It is an early form of universal or inclusive
education
2. CHOCOLATES – the AZTEC in MEXICO developed chocolate during their time. In the MAYAN
culture, they used it as currency. They valued the cacao beans highly and made it as part the
part of their tribute to their gods
3. ANTISPASMODIC MEDICATIONS – it could prevent muscle spasms and relax muscles, which
could help during surgery
4. CHINAMPA – it is a form of AZTEC technology for agricultural farming in which the land was
divided into rectangular areas and surrounded by canals
5. AZTEC CALENDAR – this enabled them to plan their activities, rituals, and planting season
6. INVENTION OF THE CANOE – a light narrow boat used for traveling in water system

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA

ASIA – is the biggest continent in the world and the home of many ancient civilization

- It is a host to many cultural, economic, scientific, and political activities of all ages.
- In the field of science, technology, and mathematics, great civilization have stood out
- INDIA, CHINA and MIDDLE EAST CICILIZATION.

INDIA – is a huge peninsula surrounded y vast bodies of water and fortified by huge mountains in its
northern borders .

- They developed various ideas and technologies useful in their everyday lives
- They are known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical words. Their iron steel is considered
to be the best and held with high regard in the whole of ROMAN EMPIRE
 - INDIA is also famous in medicine. Example, AYURVEDA – a system of traditional medicine that
originated in ancient INDIA before 2500 BC, IS STILL PRCTICE as alternative medicine
- They discovered some medicinal properties of plants that led them to develop medicines to cure
various illnesses.
- They also notable in the field of astronomy. They developed theories on the configuration of the
universe, the spherical self supporting earth and the year of 360 days with 12 equal part of 30
days each.
- Ancient INDIA is also known for their mathematics.

CHINA – Is the one of the ancient civilizations with substantial contributions in many areas of life like
medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics, arts, philosophy, and music.

- They have greatly influenced many of its neighbor countries like KOREA, JAPAN, PHILIPPINES,
VIETNAM, THAILAND, CAMBODIA, MYANMAR, and other countries
- They are also known for traditional medicines, a product of centuries of experience and
discovery of the Chinese people.
- In terms of technology, they are known to develop many tools. Among the famous discoveries
and inventions of the Chinese civilizations were compass, papermaking, gunpowder, and
printing tools
- They also invented other tools like iron plough, wheel borrow, and propeller.
- They also develop a design of different models of bridges invented the first seismological
detector , and developed dry dock facility.
- In the field of astronomy, they also made significant records on supernovas, lunar and solar
eclipses, and comets, which were carefully recorded and preserved to understand better the
heavenly bodies and their effects our world (MAYALL, 1939)
- THEY OBSERVED the heavenly bodies to understand weather changes and seasons that may
effect their daily activities
- They used lunar calendar too, and also known in seismology that made them prepared in time of
calamities
- China made substantial contributions in various fields. These contribution were made along with
math, logic, philosophy, and medicine.

MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES – are dominantly occupied by MUSLIMS. WITH the spread of ISLAM in the 7 th
and 8th centuries, a period of MUSLIM scholarship, or what we called the GOLDEN AGE. OF ISLAM
lasted until the 13th century.
- The common language is ARABIC.MUSLIM scientist place greater value on science experiments
rather than plain thought experiments.
- In mathematics, MUHAMMAD IBN MUSA AL KHWARIZMI gave his name to the concept of the
algorithm while the term algebra is derived from al-jbr, the beginning of the title one of his
publications.
- What is now known as the ARABIC NUMERAL SYSTEM originally came from INDIA.
 - MUSLIM MATHEMATICS, did make several refinements to the number system, such as the
introduction of decimal point notation
- MUSLIM CHEMIST and ALCHEMIST also played an important role in the foundation modern
chemistry (DURANT, 1980)
- IN THE field of medicine, IBN SINA pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the
first physician to conduct clinical trials (JACQUART, 2008) His two notable works in medicine, the
BOOK OF HEALING and THE CANON OF MEDECINE, WERE used as standard medicinal texts in
both the MUSLIM world and in EUROPE during the 17th century . among his many contributions
are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases and the introduction of clinical
pharmacology
- There are numerous MUSLIM SCHOLARS who made significant contributions in the field of
science, mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, and even in the field of social sciences .the
decline of this golden age of ISLAM started in the 11th and 13th century due to the conquest of
the MONGOLS whereby libraries, observatories, and other learning institutions were destroyed.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN AFRICA

AFRICA is blessed with natural and mineral resources. Science also emerged in this part of the planet
long before the EUROPIAN colonized it. The history of science and mathematics show that similar to
other ancient civilization, the early civilization IN AFRICA knowledge producers, too

- The ancient EGYPTIAN has contribution immensely and made significant advances in the fields
of astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. For example the development of geometry was a
product of necessity to preserve the lay out and ownership of farmlands of the EGYPTIANS living
along the NILE RIVER.
- THE rules of geometry were developed and used to build rectilinear structures.
- The early science in activities in EGYPT were developed to improved the quality of life of the
EGYPTIAN especially in building their early homes and cities.
- They are also to be a center of alchemy, which is known as the medieval forerunner of
chemistry.
- They tried to study human anatomy and pharmacology and applied important components such
as examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for the treatment of calendars: lunar, solar,
and stellar or a combination of the three
- Metallurgy was also known in the AFRICAN regions during the ancient times.
- Mathematics was also known to be prominent in the life of early people in the AFRICAN
- THEY HAVE knowledge of the basic concepts of algebra and geometry

SUMMMARY
Scientific revolution is a golden in the history of science. It marked the birth of science as a
discipline and as a field of inquiry and gave birth to the development of the scientific method. It was a
time in the history of science were many scientific ideas and discoveries, which were considered
innovative and useful, were developed. Some of these ideas were also controversial in the scientific
community and in the political arena. The scientific revolution significantly change how people study
science and do scientific activities. inspired human creativity and critical thinking, moving away from
thought experiments to data driven and experiment based ideas

These were many intellectuals who made essential contributions in science during the period of
scientific revolution. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS develop a model of the universe in which everything
moved around single center at unvarying rates. He placed the sun in the center of the universe and all
the planets were surrounding it. COPERNICUS’ model planets orbiting around the sun automatically
positioned the planets into a logical sequence. CHARLES DARWIN MADE significant contribution in the
field of evolutionary biology and philosophy of science. His theory of evolution by natural selection is
very useful in many fields until now. SGMUND FREUD developed the idea of psychoanalysis that helped
in understanding human behavior especially neurological conditions.

SCIENCE also developed in the different parts of the world; in ASIA, EUROPE, MESOAMERICA,
AND AFRICA. PEOPLE in these continents invented tools to help them in everyday life, discovered many
things and invented mathematics as a tool and as a discipline. Science provided different ancient
civilizations the means to survive and understand the natural and physical world. It also enabled human
beings to develop various technologies that helped them in their everyday tasks.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY AND THE HUMAN CONDITION

The Human Flourishing in Terms of Science and Technology

Learning Outcomes
- define the flourishing
- interview different people about human flourishing
- differentiate western and eastern philosophy about human flourishing
- cite the importance of Human Flourishing

“All the world’s a stage,

And all the men, and women, merely players
They have their exist and entrances, and once man in his time
Plays many parts” WILLIAN SHAKESPEARE

INTRODUCTION
Every leaving creature is to become what it is meant to be. The caterpillar is meant to become a
beautiful butterfly; a small seed into a full grown herb, bush or tree; and a human baby into a mature
person, the person “who is fully alive, the glory of God” in the words of St. Irenaeus. (Corpuz, 2015)
As we grow and develop there are different factors that affect us. There are different questions that
need to be answered and there are steps and actions that need to be undertaken.
FLOURISHING - is the highest good of human attempt to achieve his/her goal. It is a success as a human
being when he/she achieved it for the betterment of his/her life.
The best life is one of excellent human activity.
EUDAIMONIA - literally “good spirited” is a term connected by renowned Greek Philosopher Aristotle.
He describe the peak of human’s happiness that can be attained. The big question is “HOW” , How will
you achieve your flourishing?

ACTIVITY:

“ARISTOTLE ASKS”
ARISTOTLE tries to begin with common sense. He doesn’t just want to build theories in thin air that
have no connections to reality. He just collects different opinions from different people about a certain
topic.
For your activity you will ask the opinion of 20 different people about the following questions.

A. WHAT IS HAPPINESS?
B. WHAT IS YOUR GOAL/S IN LIFE?
C. HOW CAN YOU ACHIEVE YOUR GOAL/S?
D. WHO ARE THE PEOPLE YOU NEED TO ACHIEVE YOUR GOAL/S WITH?
ARISTOTLE human flourishing arises as a product of different factors such as phronesis
(wisdom/intelligence), friendship, wealth and power. The ancient Greek society believed that for the
people to achieve the true meaning of happiness these qualities should be acquired, which in effect
allow them to join in the greater notion of what call the good.
The good is what is good for purposeful and goal directed entities.
He defines the good proper to human beings as the activities in which the life functions is specific to
human beings are most fully realized.
One’s own life is the only life that person must live.
People found means to live more comfortably, explore more places, develop more products and make
more money, and the cycle is just repeating to suffice their happiness.
In the beginning , early people relied on animals for their transportation, they relied on stones and
spears to hunt food, they used skin of animals to protect their skin and used as their clothes, they used
stones to make fire and they just live in a cave as their shelter.
As the time went by there was a big change in the way the people live before and the way the people
live today. Development allowed them to make grander and more sophisticated machines to aid them in
their endeavors that eventually led to space explorations, medicines innovations and ventures of life
and death.
Our concept of human flourishing today proves to be different from what Aristotle originally perceived.
Humans of today are expected to become a man of the world.
The person today is supposed to build himself/herself in a global neighborhood, working side by side
among institutions and different governments to be able to reach common goal.

THE TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY OF REVEALING

“ the man of science has learned to believe in justification, not by faith, but by verification” Thomas
Huxley

INTRODUCTION
Science is a voyage of exploration just to find out how things work and its really interesting because it is
an ongoing and endless process. People lend to look for the betterment of their lives each and everyday.
The longer the people explore science, the more the people become curious that science itself cannot
answer its own questions. Where did we come from? Are we alone in this universe? Can we ever make
human better with science for their happiness? Why does something exist rather than nothing? Why are
we here? These questions are yet to be answered scientifically?

It is in this regard that human flourishing is deeply intertwined with goal setting relevant to science
and technology. In this case, the end product is relevant as a tool in achieving the former technology is
human activity that we excel in as a result of achieving science.
The goal of science and technology and human flourishing fall on the same grounds which are the good
and the truth. Science and Technology have changed in ways we live, work, and think. The well being of
individuals, nations, and the Earth, depends in part on techno scientific discoveries and inventions.

WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD

 Science is an organized way of studying things and finding answers to questions. Scientific method is
an approach to seeking knowledge that involves forming and testing a hypothesis. This methodology is
used to answer questions in a wide variety of disciplines in school, this method is taught in the earlier
grade level. Though the number of steps is different, it presents a general view of how to solve problems
1. Observe and identify using your senses the unexplainable occurrences around you

2. Identify the problem and identify the possible factors involved

3. Formulate hypothesis that could explain the said occurrences. Ideally the goal is to reject the null and
accept the alternative hypothesis for the study to be significant and beneficial to the society.
4. Conduct experiment by setting up dependent and independent variables and see how the
independent variable affects the dependent variable
5. Gather and analyze the data once your experiment is complete. Collect your measurements and
analyze them to see if they support your hypothesis or not. Accept or reject the hypothesis or modify
the hypothesis if necessary
6. Formulate conclusion and provide recommendations in case others would like to extend and broaden
the study you have conducted

WHY ARE DIVERSITY AND COLLABORATION IN THE SCIETIFIC COMMUNITY IMPORTANT TOWARDS
HUMAN FLOURISHING?
SCIENCE AS A SOCIAL ENDEAVOR
Here is an illustration of a GREEKY SCIENTIST isolated in the windowless basement lab, strictly
following the rules of the Scientific Method , until he finished a great discovery. In the picture science
works even all the steps in the scientific methods not followed. The process of science is flexible and
may take many possible paths. Science is done by unique individuals without following a certain routine
with motivation, ambition, and creativity. Many of them are passionate about their works and many of
them are creative towards achieving their goals.
1. COLLABORATION AND DIVERSITY BALANCE POSSIBLE BIASES
Scientist benefits from other scientists and practitioners with different sets of beliefs, cultural
backgrounds, and values to balance out the possible biases that might happen if science were practiced
by a small group of humanity.
2. DIVERSITY AND COLLABORATION STIMULATE PROBLEM SOLVING
TWO heads are better than one. Science benefits greatly from a community . problem arise from
different sectors of society. A diverse community is better able to generate new research methods,
explanations and ideas which can help science over challenging obstacles and shed new light on
problems for the betterment of the society
3. DIVERSITY AND COLLABORATION FACILITATE SPECIALIZATION
Scientist have different strengths and interest. Not only do people from different background choose to
investigate different questions but they may have but they may have different approaches in the same
question. They may have different questions on a certain topic. They may have different respondents to
validate their hypothesis.
4. DIVERSITY AND COLLABORATION ARE INSPIRATION AND MOTIVATION
Interaction in society encourage innovation and development of ideas about new lines of evidence,
applications, questions, and alternate explanations about a technology. Some people are driven by the
thrill of competition like the runners run faster, politicians campaign harder, and students study more
for college exams when they know they are competing with others. Scientist are not exempted. Some
scientist are motivated by the sense of competition offered by the community
5. DIVERSITY AND COLLABORATION DIVIDE LABOR
6. Science is too wide for an individual on his or her own to handle. Collaborations and division of labor
are increasingly important today as our scientific understanding, techniques and technologies expand.
There is simply more to know than ever before and as we learn more about the world, more research is
performed at the intersections of different fields.

WHAT ARE THE HUMAN CONDITIONS BEFORE AND AFTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY?

According to RAMEY (2012) these are the concepts of human condition before and after science and
technology?

TECHNOLOGICAL AND ADVANCEMENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HUMANITY

BY KAREHKA RAMEY - November 12, 2012
Our personal life is highly dependent on the technology that people have developed. Technology has
advanced with years and it has changed the way we purchased products, the way we live, the way we
communicate, the way we travel, the way we learn and so many changes have been brought by this
continuous technological advancements. As people demands and life style change. The demand for
advancing the of technology we used is high. Almost everything we used has been innovated to better
standards, a good example is the “mobile phone “
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS HELPED IN:
1. BUSINESS AND ORAGANIZATION - save time and cost of productions, which have been an advantage
to all business. Example 3G/4G broadband , small business have taken advantage of this super fast
internet to reach target markets with less costs of operation.
2. Medicine and Health Care Technology - has helped in saving many innocent lives. Human medicine
and health sciences have improved Doctors and medical students have embarked on medical
technological tools
3. AGRICULTURE
4. EDUCATION -
THE GOOD LIFE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- Examine what is meant by a good life
- identify how humans attempts to attain what is deemed to be a good life
- recognize possibilities available to human being to attain the good life

“ HAPPINESS DEPENDS ON OURSELVES” ARITOTLE

Many Philosophers have attempted unlocking the old philosophical questions. “what is the good life”? “
how should one live well”? “ what does it take to live fruitfully”? These questions will be answered as we
understand all about achieving the good life, what every individual strives throughout his or her life.

What is meant by a GOOD LIFE?

According to Westacott (2018), there are three way by which we can understand what is meant by “a
good life”. These are the Moral life, Life of Pleasure, and Fulfilled Life.

This is one of the oldest philosophical question been posed in different ways - how should one live?
What does it mean to “ live well” but these are really just the same question. After all everyone wants to
live well, and no one wants the bad life.
But the question is not as simple as it sounds. Philosophers specialize in unpacking hidden
complexities, and the concept of the good life is one of those that needs quite a bit of unpacking. For
what do phrases like the “good life or living well” means? They can be understood in at least three ways.

The MORAL LIFE

- One basic way in which we use the word good is to express moral approval.
- so when we say that someone is living well or that they have lived a good life, we may simply mean
that they are a good person , someone who is courageous, honest, trustworthy, kind, selfless, generous,
helpful, loyal, principled and so on.

The LIFE PLEASURE

- Pleasure is enjoyable , its fun, its well pleasant.
- the view that pleasure is the good or to put it another way, that pleasure is what makes life worth
living is known as hedonism.

THE FULFILLED LIFE

THE MEANINGFUL LIFE
THE FINISHED LIFE