Reviewer CLPW
Reviewer CLPW
1. Character– A character in a short story is a person, in some stories an animal, who takes part in the
action of the story or other literary work. The way an author develops the character in a story is very
important in making the story appeal to the readers. It is said that the heart of the story are the characters.
The two most important characters in a short story are the protagonist and the antagonist.
a. The protagonist is considered as the main character or most important of all the characters. It is the
character who learns something or undergoes some changes throughout the course of the story. Some
stories depict the protagonist as the hero of the story, while in other stories the protagonist is not
considered a hero as he has done nothing heroic. In any case, the story always revolves around the
protagonist.
b. The antagonist is the character that challenges the main character. It has no concern for the well-being
of the main character. The antagonist may be a person, the nature, the society, or any intangible matter
that contends with or creates a problem for the protagonist.
2. Setting– The place (locale) and time (period )when the story happens is called the setting. The setting
may be based on real place and real time or it may also be based on the author’s imagination. When
analyzing the setting of the story, consider where the action is taking place. Most authors use descriptive
words to describe the landscape, scenery, buildings, season, or weather to provide a strong sense of
setting which will help the reader visualize the story and connect to the story’s plot.
3. Plot– A plot is the actual story. It is what the story is all about. It is also the series of events and
characters’ actions that lead to the highest point of interest in a short story. The following are the different
parts of a story’s structure:
a. Exposition –This is the beginning of the story. This is where the author introduces the characters,
identifies where the story is happening, and establishes the main conflict.
b. Rising Action–This event occurs as you begin to move throughout the story. This is where conflicts
start to build.
c. Climax– It is the most exciting part of a short story. This is the part in the story when important
decisions are made or important things are discovered.
d. Falling Action– This point occurs after the climax as the problems in the story start to work themselves
out. The excitement becomes less and less as the conflict is resolved.
e. Resolution– This is the solution to the problem in a story. The solution may not be what you hoped for
but as long as it fits the story in tone and theme, the conflict has been resolved.
4. Conflict– Every story needs to have a problem and this problem is called conflict. The main character,
also called the protagonist, needs to have someone or something to challenge him. Without conflict, the
story will not go anywhere and will not be very interesting to the readers. The main character may be
faced with one of the four different types of conflict. These four types of conflict are:
● man versus man;
● man versus nature;
● man versus himself; and
● man versus society.
5. Theme- This is the central idea in a short story and a general truth. This is considered as the author’s
message to the readers.
6. Point of View – This is the way the story is told or narrated. It is also known as the vantage point that a
writer uses to narrate the story. The following are the types of point of view in a short story:
a. First Person – the narrator participates in and tells the story using the pronoun ‘I’.
b. Limited Third Person – the narrator is not in the story and narrates using the pronouns ‘she’ or ‘he’.
Also, the narrator is unable to see into the minds of the characters.
c. Omniscient Third Person – the narrator is not in the story and tells the story using the pronouns ‘she’ or
‘he’. In this point of view, the narrator can tell the thoughts of the characters as he can see into their
minds.
Scanning:
Scanning is quickly reading a text to get the summary of it. It is a technique wherein students search for
keywords or ideas. Scanning involves moving eyes quickly down the page seeking specific words and
phrases. Scanning is also used for the reader to find answers to questions. Once a student scanned the
document, they will go back and skim it.
Purposes of Scanning
Extensive reading:
Extensive Reading is an approach to language learning, including foreign language learning, by means of
a large amount of reading. The reader’s view and review of unfamiliar words in a specific context will
allow the reader to infer the word’s meaning, to learn unknown words. Extensive Reading is the free
reading of books and other written material that is not too difficult for readers. Extensive Reading is
sometimes called Free Voluntary Reading.
There are many uses of multimedia for a deeper understanding of a lesson. Audiobooks are ideal
for second-language learners. Song files and music videos can be used to compare social norms in
different eras. Multimedia can offer students a better understanding of the lesson.
The multimedia formats from various media include: text and graphics for slideshows, presentations,
diagrams and infographics. Audio has podcasts and recordings. Screen captures, lecture captures and
animation are examples of video components of multimedia. Other multimedia components include
blogs, vlogs, webinars and other interactive content.
Multimedia applications include the interaction of different media types like animation, video, text and
sound. It has become a part of our lives as soon as we entered the digital age. Before the modern
technology, there are tools helping us appreciate some of the types of multimedia such as videos
on television. There are various components of multimedia such as:
1. Videos
Digital video is a primary component in multimedia, especially those that appear online and on
television. The different formats of these types of multimedia include WMI, AVI, MPED and flash.
Some of these formats are better than others because they load faster and can be viewed or loaded
using different platforms and operating systems.
Many videos have changed formats ever since the mobile phone industry became more
advanced in technology.
Many of the video formats require plug-ins on browsers and specific mobile applications to load. here
is a list of multimedia formats:
2. Animation
Animation is a form of art for most people, especially those that are in the business of producing
animated movies. Right now, animation has become interactive, allowing users to directly affect
the outcome of animated components and events. Flash is the most common platform for
animation, and using this component, the interactivity of animation is enhanced.
3. Text
Text has always been and will always be the most common among the types of multimedia
components in different applications. Text in combination with other media components can make
any application more user-friendly. By using text, interactivity is increased. Text elements are
particularly important for accessibility purposes. Users of an application need to input text for the
system to identify them. Text is also used to create a digital signature, such as in passwords
4. Images
Digital image files are needed to create videos and animation. A user would sooner go to a website
filled with colorful photographs than one that contains only text elements. Familiar image formats
include jpeg and png. These formats permit editing. Images are created by graphic designers using
various software.
5. Audio
Voiceovers comprise a tremendous number of the types of multimedia components. Audio files include
background music and special effects. Any audio in an application is designed to improve a user’s
experience.
Characteristics of a Multimedia
● Multimedia can be used in the presentations, making them more fun and interesting.
● A multimedia presentation has various viewing options such as projector or a media player and the like.
● You can also download the multimedia presentation or play it live.
● The technology of multimedia can also be used to make the information be conveyed more easily to the
user.
● Multimedia technology has improved the learning experience by combining various forms of media
together
Benefits of Using Multimedia
● Digital storytelling allows students to improve their knowledge about a specific subject and
increases skills such as writing, researching and reading.
● Using multimedia improves a learner’s overall academic performance. In particular, multimedia in the
classroom is used for self-directed learning or SDL.
● Students manage their time and assess what needs to be included in their learning activities. This style
of learning is used mostly with older students who already know how to manipulate many of the
multimedia venues available to them.
- type / encode your document; bring out your best writing using MS Wordword processor
- manipulate numbers and data for computation; discover and connect to data, analysis using MS Excel – number processor
- create everything from labels to newswriting and marketing materials using MS Publisher
- copy (Ctrl+C) and paste (Ctrl+V) any items from internet – images, video clips, music and be able to embed them in your outputs
- cite source(s) on any imported images, video clips, music ---to avoid plagiarism
- associate yourself as a Techie person (one who has smart and clever ways of manipulating computer and other related gadgets).
D. Components of ICT
The term Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is generally accepted to mean all
technologies that, combined, allow people and organizations to interact in the digital world.
LESSON 6: SELF AND PEER ASSESSMENT