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Advanced Engg. Math Matrices

Matrices are rectangular arrays of numbers or functions arranged in rows and columns. The entries or elements in a matrix are denoted by capital letters like A, B, C. There are different types of matrices such as square, triangular, diagonal, and identity matrices. Matrix operations include addition, scalar multiplication, and multiplication. Matrix addition involves adding the corresponding entries, and scalar multiplication multiplies each entry by a scalar. Matrix multiplication is only defined when the number of columns of the first matrix equals the number of rows of the second matrix.

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Romel Pavillon
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21 views

Advanced Engg. Math Matrices

Matrices are rectangular arrays of numbers or functions arranged in rows and columns. The entries or elements in a matrix are denoted by capital letters like A, B, C. There are different types of matrices such as square, triangular, diagonal, and identity matrices. Matrix operations include addition, scalar multiplication, and multiplication. Matrix addition involves adding the corresponding entries, and scalar multiplication multiplies each entry by a scalar. Matrix multiplication is only defined when the number of columns of the first matrix equals the number of rows of the second matrix.

Uploaded by

Romel Pavillon
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADVANCED

ENG'G. MATH
PREPARED BY : ENGR. GIAN JAY ABOGADO
MATRICES
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers or
functions in the form of rows and columns.

The numbers or functions in the array are called


entries or elements of the matrix.

If a matrix has m rows and n columns we say that its


size is m by n (written m x n).

Matrices shall denoted by


a capital boldfaced letter such as A, B, C, or X.
TYPES OF MATRICES
If m = n, it is called a square matrix or a
matrix of order m or n.

For an m x n square matrix, the entries a11,


a22, . . . , amn are called the main diagonal
entries.

An m x 1 matrix, is called a column vector.

A 1 x n matrix, is called a row vector.


TYPES OF MATRICES
A matrix that consists of all zero entries is
called a zero matrix and is denoted by 0.

An m x n matrix A is said to be a triangular matrix if all its


entries above the main diagonal are zeros or if all its entries
below the main diagonal are zeros.

More specifically, in the first


case the matrix is called lower
triangular matrix, and in the
second the matrix is called
upper triangular matrix.
TYPES OF MATRICES
A square matrix A is said to be a diagonal matrix if all its
entries above and below the main diagonal are zeros.

When the main diagonal entries of a diagonal matrix


A are all equal, it is called a scalar matrix.

When the main diagonal entries of a diagonal matrix A


are all equal to one, it is said to be an identity matrix.

A square matrix A is said to be symmetric if A^T = A. This


means that the entries in a symmetric matrix are
symmetric with respect to the main diagonal of the matrix.
MATRIX ADDITION
The sum of matrices A + B of the same size (i.e., both m x n) is
obtained by adding corresponding entries.

Example :
SCALAR MULTIPLE OF A MATRIX
If k is a real number, then the
scalar multiple of a matrix A is

In other words, to compute kA, we simply multiply each entry of A by k.


PROPERTIES OF MATRIX ADDITION
AND SCALAR MULTIPLICATION
MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

The product C = AB is defined only when the number of columns


in the matrix A is the same as the number of rows in B.
MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
Example :

Answers :

(a) (b)
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
Find the entries c23 and c12 for the matrix C = 2A - 3B.

(a)

(b)
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS

Find ABC, aAB, & ABb.


THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!

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