Relreshor Course tor Foresirg Gy SOCIAL FORESTRY ELSA P. SANTOS and DIXON T GEVASIA Departmant of Social Forestry and Forest Governance College of Forestry and Natural Resources UP Los Bafios Knowledge and Perceptions on Forestry In the 1950s-1960s {c. 1950's & 1960's) a. Forests can provide many and diverse roles in producing raw materials aad providing environmental services. These roles have to be carefully balanced in. tnuttiple-purpose forest management systems b. Forests do not only exert their positive influences locally, but may alco influence conditions in more distant regions. Thus, forest management should incorporate regional interests in forest services. c. Production cycle in forestry normally takes many years and long-term sustained. forest production. d. d. Local people's farming or land use practices interfere with the gavernment's revenue-generaling forest harvesting systems and the ecosystems’ ability fo regenerate. ¢. These justify the centralization of forest management in the hands of the forestry service as it was believed that only trained professionals can manage the forests well. Social Forestry: The New Paradigm in Forest Conservation and Development > Why need a new paradigm? + Deforestation remained high and believed to be caused fargely by poor peopie extracting forest resources or converting forestiand for raising subsistence craps. + Many countries have become wood importers when they used to be wood exporter * Recognition of adverse impacts of fuelwood shortages in Africa and Asia to heath) and nutrition of rural people and the inefficient use of cow dung. . rome that policies that promote madernization did not solve the poverty oe ne custodial attempts to police the forestland by professional foresters did 4 work and evidences of effective eal forest management surfaced : ¥rosaries | Address the needs and asiratons ol the underprivileged tural populating tones faves, subsistovice ferns, wornen: headed houiietiokds. ond eamenu te: Ovher terms used as soclal forestry Agonnsty ~ felers fo a group of land use systems or practizes thal play an ‘moriant rae in social foresty projects; social forestry tofors ko a group af forest managorent statogies whore (oval participation and equitable distabution of paMWets are contial objectives. Command foresty ~ refers to forest management practices ar systems undertaken dy communis member oF forest-dependent communities, Soom fpresity~ refers £0 commercial production of single or select tree species oy farmers on prvalely-contralied lands or leased lands; common in areas where tire ‘'S an existing market for wood or other tree products, Tee Sming ~ refeis to tree planting of farmers aimed at improving the provision of metgie Denelits (€.9, fuel, ruts, fodder, construction wood, etc) tothe farm- pousehold system: tree grower must have sufficient long-term contro over the tand Pabiely-managed forestry ~ refers to public tree planting on private or comin si ‘ends caried by the government to uplift social conditions. Pioneering phase (1971-1980) - appeasement + Adoption of people-oriented forestry programs (FOM, FAR, and CTF) Senge were Seen as mere provider of cheap labor in forest conservation projecis ‘Communly forestty was also seen as a counter-insurgency strategy Forestry sector realized that deforestation was not 8 mere technical but 2 socio. politcal problem. ‘agration end consovidation phase (1981-1989)-participation and empowerment } 5 Mrorated + insttiston of ISFP and CFP, ISFP consolidated previous people-oriented prog'sin* be ‘nd provided tenure through stewardship 1+ CFP exerded tne coverage to natal forests allowing upland communities to 5 commencaily ullize forest resources after undergoing preparatory Vainngs i + Local people became de facto resource managers oF partners in forest develoe } nd conservation + Reatzation’by Hie government that poverty alleviation, social justice, and equity 4 resnutce deinibslion and forest sustaiabitty can be actweved through CFF JUished following the framework of participatory projec .oing the Jeaming process approach + Contivous application and relinement of participatory appraisal and planing methcaoiogns and techraques Expansion ang institutionalization phase ~~. {1990 to present)-promotion of social justice and SOhave productwe and environmental roles ue be balanced in mull-purpose forest ge {regions thus activities in the forest must be {caret regulated by professionals | Production eycle in forestry takes many years, | ts professional intervention is required for sustained (rest production. _| way or in comgler | Fon | and enveormantal rl: secuting postive forest infuences is tu the loca! economy Production cycle can be long or sha cn the kind of product and use in local participation is vital. Local people's farming or land use practices inerere with the government's revenue geverating forest harvesting systems and the ecosystems regenerative ability Centraizaton of forest management is necessary to secure the productive and environmental funetons ofthe forest Local people's farming pracioes are ave integrative, organic, nd sustainable ‘unsustainable farming practices are ¢ res. alienation brought by GR era Decentralized, non-hierarchical system is more appropriate considering the prevalence of ica! indigenous technical knowledge and diversty of local conditions. [amar Tnierest must take precedence over local ‘terest; economic growth that incorporates wood ‘ndustiatzation must be pursued. | (ny tained professionals can manage the [orests wel Creation of official forest reserves under The | responsibly of professional forest service is | necessary. Marginalization of focal wefare is largely ‘responsible for deforestation; local people hardly benefited from employment provided by weed industies Local ITK is time-tested, reliable and culturally. adapted. ‘Community-based foresl management provdes direct access to forest resources, income, 2nd protection responsibilty. | Forest service considered rural people as a threat to forestiands. Social forestry defined + That branch of forestry which deals with the understanding of the interactions between forest ecosystem and human + FAO, 1978: any situation which intimately involves local people in a forest activity: a sel of inferconnected actions and works executed primarily by local community residents to improve their own welfare. + Ageneral term for al foresty-related activities of individuals.or groups withthe aim of empowering and improving the overall conditions of potential partners in forest imariagement. Objectives of Social Forestry Rural people could be partners as ong a5 er basic needs, resource access and contl, nd paricpationin decisions are secured social system. + Provide the means for rural peoplé lo produce or have better access to basic needs in the form of essential forest and tree products and services. + Increase the participation of rural people in the management of forest and tree resources as a means of increasing their selfreliance. + Increase the utilization of human resources for managing degraded and marginal tands to counter the process of deforestation + Contribute to the development of rural people through employment generation, institution building, and promotion of economic growth. rd ‘This course maionial is for the exclusive use io the 2014 Relresher Course for Foresiry Gradusies. eractherised use, reproduction, Serge hs tal ten, kntanal ts Sy on Or Saar Sor"9, ecoreng, or otar electronic or mecha! methods of ts pbicavan i prahted,Sy haheahar Gawat by Ferosry Oreduaee | 014 Evolving strategies in Sociat Forestry; Expansion of community fornstey in other land uses sich a3 Bi desta watershed aroas sind vreas where IGCs resides Increasing Support from inter iational furtding agericies. Other types of tenurial instruments have neen provided. Vanous forms'of institutional arrangements vate also evolved {participation of the NGOs, LGUs, academe and {he Integration of all SF or es ran at cbFM program. « Basic neads and poverty flleviation {uit the needs funder -privfeged population | grouns. © Ms Participatory ‘develonment 0 falaulale al perlicipation k in development projects to bririg about emancipation’ and self retiance )” Sender paniy, securing huinaa rights ~ giving etlention fo gender and cuturat communities. - Enviionnental and food sean: av interspecies equily.Related concepts to Sociat Forestry People witin a geographical bounded area invoived in sociainteracton, 0 wits cow og . ‘OE Peycholopical tes with each other and with the place they five Fanetions of community ‘. ion-consumption 2 Secalization ~ society ransmis prevalin knowledge, social vales, and behavce Patterns to ts individual members 3 Social control ~ process trough which a group inuences the behavior of ts members towards conformity with its norm 4. Mutual support Stakeholder ER © individuals who have a stake o vested interes, in determining the success or falure of an activity. Ex. Local government . wales users group, ‘retg'ous groups, women’s group, private Land owners, upland farrners ets ‘A Process of social change simed not only at raising the material welfare of people but aso ‘maximally developing their human potentials ; Furtarertala of Community Development . ree st enh i tte 16 @ssental to their ives and development * Participation, Enightened, responsible, active and sustai ane |, Sustained involver: ieleronoege etek acs om pb : "Re renan,woneceg od Mand benefit shaving Soci jotce oF equity. cutabig 2cat8 and dsinduion a k — ment We ohare pe