Project INDIGO Output:

1. INDIGO Final Book, Hofmann, Herwig (Ed.), Governance of Automated Decision-Making and EU Law,
Oxford University Press, Oxford (UK), 2024

➢ INDIGO Working Paper Series - University of Luxembourg Law Research Papers:

2. Herwig C.H. Hofmann, Automated Decision-Making (ADM) in EU Public Law, University of

Luxembourg Law Research Paper No. 2023-06,
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4561116

3. Herwig C.H. Hofmann, Assessing Cyber-Delegation in European Union Public Law, University of
Luxembourg Law Research Paper No. 2023-07,
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4561117

4. Oriol Mir Puigpelat, Algorithms, Automation and Administrative Procedure at EU Level, University of
Luxembourg Law Research Paper No. 2023-08,
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4561009

5. Jens-Peter Schneider, Kester Siegrist, Simon Oles, Collaborative Governance of the EU Digital Single
Market established by the Digital Services Act, University of Luxembourg Law Research Paper 2023-9,
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4561010

6. Franka Enderlein, A Digital Health Infrastructure for Cross Border Governance of Communicable
Diseases: A Case Study on the Covid-19 Pandemic, University of Luxembourg Law Research Paper No.
2023-10, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4561015

7. Paulina Jo Pesch, Franziska Boehm, Smart Border is Watching You! Fundamental rights implications
of automated data processing and decision-making at the EU Border, University of Luxembourg Law
Research Paper No. 2023-11, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4561011

8. Davide Liga, The Interplay Between Lawfulness and Explainability in the Automated Decision making
of the EU Administration, University of Luxembourg Law Research Paper No. 2023-12,
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4561012

9. Sam Wrigley, Miikka Hiltunen and Päivi Leino-Sandberg, “My name is personalised_
political_advertiser.py and I approve this message”: Regulating automated and targeted political
advertising in EU Law, University of Luxembourg Law Research Paper No. 2023-13,
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4561013

10. Felix Pflücke, Interoperability in the EU: Paving the Way for Digital Public Services, University of
Luxembourg Law Research Paper No. 2023-13,
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4561014
 ➢ 8 comparative law papers, published both in English and Spanish:

11. Herwig C.H. Hofmann – “Comparative law of public automated decision-making”:

https://ceridap.eu/comparative-law-of-public-automated-decision-making-an-outline/
12. Austria (by Prof. Franz Merli): https://ceridap.eu/automated-decision-making-systems-in-austrian-
administrative-law/
13. Estonia (by Prof. Ivo Pilving): https://ceridap.eu/guidance-based-algorithms-for-automated-decision-
making-in-public-administration-the-estonian-perspective/
14. Germany (by Prof. Jens-Peter Schneider & Franka Enderlein): https://ceridap.eu/automated-
decision-making-systems-in-german-administrative-law/
15. Italy (by Prof. Diana-Urania Galetta): https://ceridap.eu/automation-and-algorithmic-decision-
making-systems-in-the-italian-public-administration/
16. Spain (by Eduardo Gamero Casado): https://ceridap.eu/automated-decision-making-systems-in-
spanish-administrative-law/
17. Sweden (Prof. Jane Reichel): https://ceridap.eu/regulating-automation-of-swedish-public-
administration/

18. Herwig C.H. Hofmann, Assessing Cyber-Delegation in European Union Public, University of Luxembourg
Law Research Paper No. 2023-07, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4561117

19. Herwig C.H. Hofmann, Felix Pflücke, Dirk Zetzsche, The Changing Nature of ‘Regulation by Information’:
Towards Real-time Regulation? 28(4-6) European Law Journal, pp. 172-186,
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4488391

20. Herwig Hofmann (co-author: Diana-Uriana Galetta), Evolving AI-based Automation - Continuing Relevance
of Good Administration, European Law Review 1 (2023) pp. 617-635

21. Oriol Mir Puigpelat, Algoritmos, inteligencia artificial y procedimiento administrativo: principios comunes
en el Derecho de la Unión Europea, Book: Gamero, Eduardo (Ed.), Inteligencia Artificial y sector público:
Retos, límites y medios (Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch 2023), pp. 685-725

22. Oriol Mir Puigpelat, “La automatización y el uso de algoritmos e inteligencia artificial en Derecho
administrativo comparado” (2023) 63 Revista General de Derecho Administrativo, 1–9

23. Beishui Liao, Pere Pardo, Marija Slavkovik, Leendert van der Torre: The Jiminy Advisor: Moral Agreements
among Stakeholders Based on Norms and Argumentation. In: Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
77: 737-792 (2023)

24. Huimin Dong, Dragan Doder, Xu Li, Réka Markovich, Leendert van der Torre, Marc van Zee: Rights and
Practical Reasoning in Deontic Logic. In: Deontic Logic and Normative Systems, Proceedings of the 16th
International Conference, DEON 2023, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada, July 5-7, 2023.College Publications,
2023: 1-19

25. Davide Liga, Classifying norms via pre-trained language models: experiments on the DAPRECO-KB, Jurisin
2023 proceedings, 2023, https://research.nii.ac.jp/~ksatoh/jurisin2023/

26. Davide Liga, The interplay between lawfulness and explainability in the automated decision making of the
EU administration, University of Luxembourg Law Research Paper No. 2023-12,
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4561012
27. Davide Liga, PaTrOnto, an ontology for patents and trademarks, Jurisin 2023 proceedings, Springer 2023,
https://research.nii.ac.jp/~ksatoh/jurisin2023/

28. Davide Liga and Luca Pasetto, Testing spatial reasoning of Large Language Models: the case of tic-tac-toe,
AIxIA CEUR WS, CEUR WS, 2023, https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3563/paper_14.pdf

29. The Logics for AI and Law: Joint Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Logics for New-
Generation Artificial Intelligence and the International Workshop on Logic, AI and Law, September 8-9 and
11-12, 2023, Hangzhou (Davide Liga is one of co-editors) open access:
http://www.collegepublications.co.uk/LNGAI/?00003

30. Kees van Berkel, Réka Markovich, Christian Strasser and Leon van der Torre, Reasoning in Conflict of
Laws: A Formal Model Accounting for Transmission, Renvoi, and Forum Shopping, IOS Press, 2023

31. Migle Laukyte, Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics: A Recipe for Human Rights Violations, Artificial
Intelligence and Human Rights, eds. A. Quintavalla and J. Temperman (Oxford Oxford University Press
2023) pp. 281-293

32. Migle Laukyte, Blockchain and the Right to Good Administration: Adding Blocks to or Block’ing of the
Globalization of Good Administration, Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 30(1), Indiana University,
2023, pp. 195-225

33. Miikka Hiltunen and Sam Wrigley, ”Why am I seeing this regulation”?: Exploring underlying issues from
the proposed Political Advertising Regulation, The European Law Review, Volume 48, Issue 3, London,
Sweet & Maxwell, 2023, 312-336

34. Felix Pflücke, The EU’s New Interoperability Policy and Regulation: Challenges and Opportunities for the
European Digital Single Market, The Governance of Automated Decision-Making and EU Law, Oxford,
Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 1-37

35. Felix Pfücke, Rethinking the Regulation of Financial Influencers, Bringing Fairness to Social Media, Berlin,
VerfB, 2023, pp. 1-13

36. Felix Pflücke, Protecting Consumers and Capital Markets in the Age of Social Media: the Case of
Finfluencers, Oxford, OBLB, 2023, pp. 1-4
 In progress:

37. Pesch, Potentials and obstacles of generative Large Language Models (LLMs) in the context of public
decision-making
Abstract: Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) could facilitate both, more efficient public decision
making on the one hand as well as access to legal explanations and remedies to individuals concerned by
public decisions. However, it is an open research question how performant such domain-specific models
could be. Furthermore, they raise legal concerns especially in the areas of data protection and
administrative law. The article provides an introduction into generative LLMs, outlines use cases for such
models in the context of public decisions, and discusses both, practical limitations of the models and legal
problems.
38. Sam Wrigley has prepared a report “Voting by Binary Choices: A Report on the Legal Regulation of Online
Targeted Political Advertising and the Influencing of Political Decision-Making by Such Systems”, which is
being prepared by the publishing company as of 14.11., with the publication date estimated in February
2024
39. Davide Liga, OntoVAT, an ontology for knowledge extraction in VAT-related judgments, Forthcoming
publication in the Springer LNAI series, Springer 2023
40. Davide Liga, The Argumentation Scheme from Vicarious Liability, Forthcoming publication in the Springer
LNAI series, Springer 2023
41. Miikka Hiltunen, Exploring the legal making of the European digital economy, European Law Open,
London, Cambridge, University Press, Submitted November 2023, to be published 2024