CHAPTER 1

Introduction

TVL - CSS strand exert an influence to any individual learner that have

decided to choose because it contain opportunities. Myriad away especially if

every individual learner decided to take an assessment. Every individual learner

will have a wider knowledge with regards to computers. High demand as our

reliance on technology grows, there is a strong need for qualified individuals with

computer system maintenance experience. Possibility for growth there are

chance for skill development and career progress in the computer systems

servicing industry. Flexibility working in a variety of environments, such us in-

house IT department, tech companies, or as a freelance technician, is a benefit

of many computer system servicing professions. Job security as a technology

grows more pervasive in everyday life, there will probably always be a demand

for computer service technicians.

Senior high school graduates can find employment in electronics firms,

computer-related manufacturing operations, computer repair service centers,

computer sales and services, and eventually open their own computer servicing

company. When it comes to job openings, one of the industries with the highest

growth is information and technology. Information and communication technology

is a course given in senior high school (ICT).

pertaining to it must take these developments into account. Among them is

passing the Computer System Servicing National Assessment (CSS). One

benefit of holding a National Certificate II (NCII) is that those who pass it can

become more productive, employable, and adaptable to changing demands in

the workplace and industry as well as abroad. In keeping with this worry, kids

gain empowerment, learn how to rely on themselves, and are able to assist their

families. The purpose of this study was to determine how National Certificate II

(NC II) in Computer System Servicing (CSS) will affect Grade 12 Information and

Communication Technology (ICT) students' future career paths. Effects of

computer system maintenance on Tanday High School Senior High School

graduates in the Philippines have the option to enter the labor market, which is a

crucial step for their employability. However, there is limited literature on the

employability of these graduates, especially since the first cohort graduated in

2018 (Orbeta & Potestad, 2020). Conducting a tracer study on Senior High

School curriculum exits conferred by Padios et al. (2021) is unique and crucial to

assessing the program's success in developing lifelong learners. As cited by

Almejas et al. (2017), employability is determined by the nature of employment

and available occupational options, and the efficiency of the program can be

measured by graduates' ability to apply their skills and training for economic

advancement.
Additionally, former President Benigno Aquino's initiative to improve

the basic education program in the Philippines, known as the Senior High

Schools, aims to produce productive and responsible citizens with necessary

skills and values (Acosta & Acosta, 2016). The Department of Education

(DepEd) believes that the Senior High School Program offers numerous

benefits, including easy employment opportunities for graduates in the

technical, vocational, and livelihood tracks. The K to 12 Senior High School is

considered the answer to the long-standing challenge of the Philippine

Educational System
 GARDNER
THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTRELLIGENCE HUMAN CAPITAL THEO
(Greg Becker and Sherwin
(Howard Earl Gardner)

Theoritical Framework
THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE

The theory of multiple intelligence challenges the idea of a single IQ,

where human beings have one central "computer" where intelligence is

housed. Howard Gardner, the Harvard professor who originally proposed

the theory. Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory can be used for

curriculum development, planning instruction, selection of course

activities, and related assessment strategies. Gardner points out that

everyone has strengths and weaknesses in various intelligences, which

is why educators should decide how best to present course material

given the subject-matter and individual class of students. Indeed,

instruction designed to help students learn material in multiple ways can

trigger their confidence to develop areas in which they are not as strong.

In the end, students’ learning is enhanced when instruction includes a

range of meaningful and appropriate methods, activities, and

assessment.

1. Linguistic intelligence: This type of intelligence involves sensitivity to spoken

and written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use

language to accomplish certain goals.

2. Logical-mathematical intelligence: This refers to the ability to analyze problems

logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically.

From a societal perspective, investment in human capital can lead to a more

skilled and adaptable workforce, which is essential for innovation, technological

advancement, and overall economic competitiveness. Moreover, a well-educated

and healthy population is better equipped to contribute to social and political

development, leading to a more vibrant and informed society. Human capital

theory also highlights the role of continuous learning and skill development in

adapting to changing economic conditions and technological advancements. In

today's dynamic and rapidly evolving economy, individuals need to constantly

upgrade their skills and knowledge to remain competitive and contribute to

economic growth.

Conceptual Framework
Statement of the problem

1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of

1.1Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Occupation

1.4 Course

2. How does that TVL-CSS strand effect the career choice of students terms of

2.1 Job

2.2 Entrepreneurial opportunities

2.3 Higher educational options/course

2.4 Career advancement

2.5 Increase employability

2.6 Financial

3. What is the significance of choosing TVL-CSS strand of students in terms of

3.1 Skills

3.2 Career Opportunities

3. 3 Social Status

Assumptions
 1. There is a correlation that the graduate students will improve their

technical skill and be prepared for a job right after

2. .There is a validity that taking an assessment will improve individuals

abilities regarding computer

3. Senior high school graduates from Tandaay High School will have a wider

knowledge consiliary about computer

Hypothesis

1. Improve technical skills , increased job preparation make employment

prospects

2. Senior high school graduates will boost their employability by improving

their technology literacy and problem solving abilities

3. Senior high school graduates from Tandaay High School will benefit from

inclusion of computer systems maintenance and their curriculum

Student :First of all, it can offer insightful information about how kids can benefit

from having troubleshooting and maintenance abilities in technology as they get

ready for college or the workforce. It might also emphasize how crucial

technology literacy and practical computer system experience are to their

success in the future. Additionally, the results of the study may influence

educational programs designed to improve the integration of practical

technological skills into high school curricula, which may ultimately enhance

students’ educational experiences and prepare them for the workforce.

Senior High School graduates :First off all, it can serve as a starting point for

more research on the efficacy of teaching kids practical technological skills in

high school and how it affects their readiness for both the demands of

postsecondary education and the workforce. Furthermore, the findings might

encourage researchers to look at the wider ramifications of technology

maintenance expertise for curriculum development and educational policy.

Furthermore, the results of this study may serve as a catalyst for further research

on the relationship between technology, education, and career preparedness,

advancing our knowledge of the long-term advantages that students can derive

from having practical technological skills.

senior high school graduates may find that computer system maintenance has a

big influence. Graduates can acquire important skills that are highly sought after

in today’s technology-driven employment market by learning the ins and outs of

computer repair and troubleshooting. Because it offers a solid foundation for

understanding the inner workings of computer systems, this knowledge can also

open up new avenues for research in the domains of computer science,

engineering, and technology. It can also aid in the creation of creative answers to

a range of technical problems. Additionally, this research can help determine the

best methods for instructing and preparing upcoming generations of students in

computer system maintenance, which would ultimately benefit the sector.

Definition of terms

Students

A student who attends classes in order to gain knowledge

Future researcher

A student who attends classes in order to gain knowledge

Senior high school graduates

Allude to pupils who are in their last year of secondary school, usually in the

range of 15 and 18.

college or university

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

We shall examine the goal and importance of applied research in this chapter.

We will go over the many popular research approaches, their benefits, and the

procedures for carrying out useful research. We will also go over important

issues including selecting the right sample size, guaranteeing the validity and

dependability of the data, and handling ethical dilemmas.

This chapter will provide you with the fundamental information and useful abilities

required to carry out significant research. You will acquire the resources required

to complete your research project successfully, from choosing relevant study

ideas to efficiently gathering and evaluating data.

Whereas innovation refers to the implementation of entirely new elements of the

curriculum, growth and reform imply a general enhancement of what Fullan

already has, as stated in (Amimo & Role, 2014). At three stages, curriculum

changes may occur: minor, medium, and major, as cited by Tolmen (2014).

Eremie, (2014) study on comparative analysis of factors influencing career

choices among senior secondary school students in Rivers State, Nigeria. The

result showed that there were significant differences in the career preferences

when grouped according to their sex, parity, and parental influence. In addition,

socio-economic background were influential in participants decisions to pursue a

postsecondary degree. School curricula should therefore be adapted to

developments in technology and job creation, especially in industries with

communication and information technology needs (Terrazola, 2017). Now comes

the Senior High School Program, which is now part of the Philippines.

As the study of (Harmse, 2018) the ICT industry also shifted, leading to new job

criteria and new career opportunities that are constantly implemented. ICT

graduates entering the industry are therefore expected to have acquired

appropriate knowledge and skills. Cultural factors, especially English fluency,

were also relevant. Local communities and institutional factors had generally a

negative impacts on career choice of the students. Insightful with this concern

having them to provide courses related to programming to sustain this matter

(Sabarinath, 2019). As the solution resolves the matter, many institutions obtain
these solutions to prepare students, on both hard skills and soft skills of coding

skills. In this way, aspiring students who will join the web development industry

will aid them to acquire their desired careers and develop their specific skills and

abilities needed in this industry (Sabarinath, 2019). Curriculum is given an

emphasis which is referred to as the Senior School Curriculum of the 2012

Enhanced Basic Education K to 12 Curriculum. Other terminologies, such as

educational reforms, growth and innovation, are used for curriculum

improvement. Since education is a major tool for shaping society, according to

Otunga, Odero, and Barasa, there will never be

a perfect curriculum for all ages, simply because society continues to evolve from

time to time The evolution of digital technology is in its all-time high and faster

than the quality of ICT graduates producing. In connection with this, the

Philippines Qualifications Framework was developed by the Government of the

Philippines through Republic Act No. 10968 in order to meet the higher

employability requirements. Specifically, the Framework will resolve job

incompatibility and align employee training and education with business

demands and expectations.

Local

Monroe,Graham and Ferrel (2013) While Lasco & Baguinat III (2013) as cited by

Jalimao (2014) focus on the teachers’ competency as outcome method for

teaching performance In the advent of Industry 4.0, it is inevitable that TVET

numeracy, design, and technology abilities to prepare and accomplish tasks in

the workplace and all aspects of life (Paryono, 2014). Consequently, the study

endorses that TVET institutions in Zimbabwe must develop graduates with the

necessary skills, entrepreneurial skills, and sufficient knowledge acquired

through work-based learning to increase employability among the graduates. The

Employers' Satisfaction Surveys of TESDA in 2014 reviewed by the Asian

Development Bank (2021) showed a slight decrease in the employer's degree of

satisfaction with employees' work performance who were TVET in two of the

theoretical and practical knowledge in doing tasks and work attitudes.

Now comes the Senior High School Program, which is now part of the Philippine

Educational Program that according to (Sarmiento & Orale, 2016) is an entry

point for business and industry or college or university life. In different parts of the

world, this program is offered to prepare students for jobs in the industry or to

pursue their academic life. The spread of Information and the spread of

information and communication technologies (ICT) across all sectors of the

economy puts new demand on the skills of workers.

The study of Maireva et al. (2021) on the employability of accounting TVET

graduates in Zimbabwe found that the main contributor to graduate

unemployment is the worsening economic conditions in the country, and most

graduates lack the necessary skills and work experience to compete on the labor

market. Maireva et al. also mentioned that various educational institutions

learning, employability skills modules, and work readiness, and involve

employers in course design and delivery. Consequently, the study endorses that

TVET institutions in Zimbabwe must develop graduates with the necessary skills,

entrepreneurial skills, and sufficient knowledge acquired through work-based

learning to increase employability among the graduates. The Employers'

Satisfaction Surveys of TESDA in 2014 reviewed by the Asian Development

Bank (2021) showed a slight decrease in the employer's degree of satisfaction

with employees' work performance who were TVET in two of the theoretical and

practical knowledge in doing tasks and work attitudes. The former study guides

the researcher to establish an idea of determining how may the employers of the

TVET graduates of Val Poly assess their work performance in terms of

employability skills.

Communication skills were also emphasized in the study of Omar & Rajoo

(2016). They stressed the importance of this skill during recruitment processes.

Further, both employers and graduates perceived that having poor

communication skills is one of the main reasons for graduates are unemployed.

Seetha (2014) suggested that the crucial skills that will bring success in the

workplace should include good communication, to be the ability to maintain a

good attitude, interpersonal skills, working in teams, and analyzing and thinking

critically in order to solve problems and to be able to lead. This section guided

the researcher in pursuing his research venture for it helped his understand his
research topic better, especially the concept and principles of student teacher

and cooperating teacher.