Ethics: Quiz 6

(Answers can be encoded or written on a sheet of paper)

Name: ___Devonn Jay C. Rayos____________________________________________ Date: 01-07-22

Instruction: Read the case/issue below and answer the given activity.
Organ Trafficking and Human Needs

Organ Trafficking and Human Needs, the many developments in the past few decades in
both the life sciences and in biotechnology have given rise to the recognition of a host of ethical
issues that are concerned with the physical survival and welfare of living creatures including, of
course, human beings. These ethical discussions have been gathered under the name of bioethics,
a rapidly emerging field of applied ethics. Both medical ethics and animal ethics can be
classified as subfields within the larger sphere of bioethics, while environmental ethics can have
a lot of concerns that are tied up with bioethics. Given that animal ethics, in the form of the topic
of animal rights, has already been covered in Chapter II and environmental ethics treated earlier
in this chapter, let us now concentrate on medical ethics. This field focuses on moral issues in
medical practice and research. One such issue that has given rise to much debate is the
phenomenon of organ trafficking, which is defined as the trade in human organs (whether from
living or nonliving people) for the purpose of transplantation. The trade can happen through the
sale of organs or through any other means including coercive force. In 2009, the Philippine
government halted a planned kidney transplant from a Filipina wife to her Saudi Arabian
husband. It was discovered that the couple had only been married for a short time and that the
man did not know how to speak in English or Filipino, while the wife could not speak Arabica
situation that raised a lot of suspicion on the part of the authorities. The government's allegation
was that the planned transplant was not really an organ donation, which Philippine law allows,
but was a case of an organ sale, which is tantamount to organ trafficking prohibited by law. One
possible reason for the woman's consent to this alleged deal is the widespread poverty among
Filipinos. Although organ trafficking is patently illegal in the Philippines and in many other
nations, it continues to be a tempting possibility, especially for impoverished individuals, to earn
some much-needed cash. Most people are born with two kidneys, and an individual can live on a
single kidney. Supposing that the transplant will be done under strict medical supervision, that
there is a shortage of available kidney donors, and setting aside the clear illegal status of organ
trafficking, is it really wrong for a person in great financial need to sell one of her kidneys to
someone who requires a transplant to survive and who is willing and able to offer a generous
amount of cash?

I. This chapter identified and explained the steps in making informed decisions when
confronted with moral problems. The steps can be summarized as follows:
1. Determine your involvement in the moral situation.
2. Gather all the necessary facts
3. Identify the stakeholders
4. Name all the alternative choices possible and their potential effects on all stakeholders.
5. Identify the type of ethical issue at hand.
6. Make your ethical conclusion or decision.
Apply now all six steps to the question, “Is selling one of my kidneys to a paying customer
defensible?” Write down your application below.
Step 1: (5pts.)
This discipline is concerned with ethical issues in medical practice and research. Is it
truly unethical for someone in dire financial straits to sell one of her kidneys? Assuming the
donation is made under tight medical supervision, there is a scarcity of suitable kidney donors,
and disregarding the seeming illegality of organ trafficking, is it really unethical for a person in
grave financial need to sell one of her kidneys? In this situation, the topic of organ marketing is
being called into question. As a result of the uncertainty surrounding the ability to sustain a
healthy lifestyle in today's society, I may be a candidate for this post. It is my belief that my
voice should be heard in the formulation of these laws and regulations in my own nation of the
Philippines as well. In general, I'm a good human being who is committed to the advancement of
human rights.
Step 2: (5pts.)
The Philippines government canceled a scheduled kidney transplant between a Filipina
woman and her Saudi Arabian husband in 2009. The government said that the intended
transplant was not really an organ sale, which is illegal under federal law. Although organ
trafficking is clearly prohibited in the Philippines and many other countries, it remains a viable
option for underprivileged people seeking to make some much-needed cash.
Step 3: (5pts.)
One of the stakeholders is the individual who has opted to donate his or her organ for
transplantation. The other stakeholder is the medical team that will perform the transplant.
Step 4: (5pts.)
 To begin, medical professionals are completely aware that organ trafficking is illegal. By
virtue of their commitment, they are required to aid the sick and abstain from inflicting
harm to others. Legislation is established to penalize those who participate in this
unlawful action.
 Next, a new technology is on the horizon that will enable the artificial manufacture of
lab-grown organs, obviating the necessity for human intervention in this situation.
Animals are being employed in this scenario. This is also debatable, since animals are
included in the sphere of bioethics, a contentious subject.
 Lastly, as an alternative to an outright prohibition, an organ market will be developed in
which organ sales will be subject to medical review and approval before to proceeding.
The donor must indicate an interest in donating his or her organs. Both the donor and the
donee must be in excellent physical health before to and during the operation, and all
other applicable medical criteria must be met. Naturally, organ trafficking and the selling
of organs without the agreement of those mentioned will remain illegal.
Step 5: (5pts.)
The donor's and donee's health and safety. The safety of both the donor and the donee cannot
be guaranteed in the context of organ trafficking. It is likely that the professionals are not
licensed, casting doubt on their credibility. Second, illegal behavior. It is a criminal infraction
since it is contrary to the law. The perpetrator will face a minimum of twenty years in jail and
will be compelled to make restitution. Third, unjust and inequitable treatment. Nobody receives
the same degree of treatment. There is no set price for organs, and even if there were, they would
very probably not be followed in the plan because to the legal prohibition. As a consequence, the
costs are prohibitively high.
Step 6: (5pts.)
In a court of law, it is unaffordable to defend yourself. A complete and total prohibition, on
the other hand, is unreasonable. With regard to Utilitarianism, if both parties are eager to
cooperate, why shouldn't they do so? Each of them is in desperate need of a healthy organ, but
only one of them is financially prosperous. Aside from being safeguarded from the hazards of
disease, one will finally have enough money left over to pay off their debts... Organ selling must
be implemented in this situation since it will be exposed to scientific examinations in order to
develop medical guidelines that will enable it to be carried out. As a result, it will be feasible to
assure the health and safety of both donors and recipients. The donor must be fairly compensated
for the loss of his or her organ at an acceptable financial cost. The hospitals would also have
access to data on the number of patients who are in need of organ transplantation. It will also
lessen the likelihood of being exposed to the dangers presented by the illicit market as a result of
this action.