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    Pee P1 PDF

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    Christienne Pabro
    Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment. It examines these interactions at multiple levels of organization, from species to biomes. Key components of ecosystems include biotic factors like species and populations, abiotic factors like climate and sunlight, and the flow of energy and matter through food webs. Ecological succession over time can lead to changes in communities and environments.

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    Pee P1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Christienne Pabro
    42 views45 pages
    Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment. It examines these interactions at multiple levels of organization, from species to biomes. Key components of ecosystems include biotic factors like species and populations, abiotic factors like climate and sunlight, and the flow of energy and matter through food webs. Ecological succession over time can lead to changes in communities and environments.

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    Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment. It examines these interactions at multiple levels of organization, from species to biomes. Key components of ecosystems include biotic factors like species and populations, abiotic factors like climate and sunlight, and the flow of energy and matter through food webs. Ecological succession over time can lead to changes in communities and environments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views45 pages

    Pee P1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Christienne Pabro
    Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment. It examines these interactions at multiple levels of organization, from species to biomes. Key components of ecosystems include biotic factors like species and populations, abiotic factors like climate and sunlight, and the flow of energy and matter through food webs. Ecological succession over time can lead to changes in communities and environments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 45

    Define ecology

    The scientific study of interactions


    among organisms and between
    organisms and the environment.
    Ecology—the scientific study of interactions between
    different organisms and between organisms
    and their environment or surroundings
    Level of Organization of an
    Ecosystem
    Species

    • Species - group
    of organisms so
    similar to
    another that they
    can breed and
    produce fertile
    offspring
    Population
    • Population – same
    species and live in
    same area
    Community
    • Communities –
    different populations
    that live together in a
    defined area
    Ecosystem
    • Ecosystem – a
    collection of all
    organisms that live in
    a particular place
    together with their
    nonliving
    environment.
    Biome
    • Biome – a group of
    ecosystems that have
    the same climate and
    similar dominant
    communities.
    Biomes

    Tundra Chaparral
    Taiga Desert
    Grasslands Desert-scrub
    Deciduous Forest Savanna
    Alpine Rainforest
    Biomes

    Savanna Biome
    Biosphere contains the combined
    portions of the planet in which all of
    life exist, including land, water and
    atmosphere
    What shapes an Ecosystem?
    Biotic and Abiotic
    • Biotic and Abiotic factors determine the
    survival and growth of an organism and the
    productivity of the ecosystem in which an
    organism lives.
    Biotic Factors
    • Living Factors that
    influence an
    ecosystem
    • Plant life
    • Animal life
    Abiotic Factors
    • Physical, non-living
    factors that influence
    an ecosystem
    • Examples-
    temperature,
    precipitation,
    humidity, wind,
    nutrients, sunlight
    Other factors that affect an
    Ecosystem
    • The area where an • A niche is the full
    organism lives is range of physical and
    called its habitat. biological conditions
    in which an organism
    • Habitats provide lives and the way in
    populations of wildlife which the organism
    with food, water, uses those conditions.
    shelter and space. It is an organisms’
    occupation.
    Earth’s Systems
    Energy Flow
    • Every organism needs energy to power
    life’s processes

    • The flow of energy through an ecosystem is


    one of the most important factors that
    determines the ability to sustain life
    Autotrophs
    • Captures energy from sunlight or chemicals
    and use that energy to produce food.
    • Other names are producers or plants.
    • Are essential for the flow of energy through
    the biosphere
    • Produce food through Photosynthesis
    Examples ofAutotrophs
    Heterotrophs
    • Organisms that rely on other organisms for
    their energy and food supply.
    • Consumer is another name
    • Types of Consumers
    • Herbivores
    • Carnivores
    • Omnivores
    • Decomposers
    • Detritivores
    Examples of Consumers
    Decomposers
    • Breaks down
    dead/decay matter
    • Bacteria and fungi are
    examples of
    decomposers
    • Detritivores feed on
    plant/animal remains
    • Millipedes and
    earthworms are
    detritivores
    Parasites
    A parasite is an organism
    that lives on or in a host
    organism and gets its food
    from or at the expense of
    its host.

    Example – Tick, Flea, Tapeworm


    Energy Flow
    Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction from the
    sun to autotrophs (producers) and then to heterotrophs
    (consumers).
    Food Chains
    • A food chain is a
    series of steps in
    which organisms
    transfer energy by
    eating and being eaten.
    Food Web
    • A network of complex
    feeding relationships
    among the various
    organisms in an
    ecosystem
    Energy Pyramid
    • Trophic level is each step
    in a food chain/web
    • A diagram that shows the
    amount of energy or
    matter contained within
    each trophic level in a
    food chain/web
    • Only about 10% of the
    energy available within
    one trophic level is passed
    to organisms in the next
    trophic level.
    • Ecological Succession
    a series of predictable
    changes in an
    environment
    Succession
    • Primary Succession – succession that occurs
    on the surface where no soil exists
    • Pioneer Species first species to populate the
    area
    • Examples- lichen and moss
    Examples of Pioneer Species
    • Lichen
    Succession
    • Secondary Succession – following a
    disturbance that destroys a community
    without destroying the soil.
    • Example- land cleared and plowed for
    farming
    • Example – Fires set by lightning

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