Ground Improvement

% (a) ©) 2) © © ‘What is meant by soft ground? Briefly discuss the civil engineering problems associated with (06) soft ground condition. : Outline with a tabular form, the applicability of soi! impeavsrinert mathod for different types of (06) soil Siate the chronological development of ground improvement techniques. (06 Write short notes on: (08 1) Dynamic consolidation and ii) Sand drain. A road embankment is constructed at KUET campus on top of a 15 m thick layer of clay. (1: sandwiched between silty sand at the top and dense sand at the battom. The required degree of consolidation before the embankment construction is 20% within § months. For this purpose, sand drains of 600 mm diamater, need to be installed in a square arrangement. Estimate the spacing of the sand drain. From laboratory test results, assume, ch = 0.35 m/month and Cy = 0.20 m*/month.—_—_—___ ~ 7. (3) Define soft ground. Why soft ground is needed to impr k the evolution_of-ground (08) improvement technique, a - (©) State the fundamental flaw dias the selection of ground ENE Echnigu Seppo tn fore vn TS Oe a ne ED oo Clay: He = 20 ft (two-way drainage), C: = 0.35, ¢@= 1A. ef overburden pressure at the middle of the clay layer = 1200 Ibyft? and c, = 0.20 Rvday. Sand drains: ya = 0.5 ft, de = 8 ft, €+ = Car The surcharge is applied as chown in Figure below. Assume this is to be a no-smear cace () —— Galeufats the degree ssolidation L/S days after is surcharge is first applied. (ii) Determine the consolidation settlement at that time due to the surcharge. Zell Says ave=2e0 Surcharge] awn)4. (2) Define soft ground. What is meant by ground improvement? Why is it needed? 7) State and discuss the fundamental flow diagram for selecting ground improvement (08) techniques. (c) What are the basic concepts on Which ground improvement technique State (11) the factor on which evaluation of ground imiprovement depends. (d) Write short notes on: @ jc consolidation (ii) oan ne vw (08)4. a) Why soft grounds are required to modify? Write short notes on the following: ag i) Pre compression, ii) Sand compaction piles, iii) Stone columns and iv) Lime a9) &) Fora sand drain project, the following are Clay: Normally consolidated H, = 5.5m (ane way drainage); Cz = 0.3; & = 0.76,C, = 0.015m? /day, Effective overburden pressure at the middle of clay layer 0 = 80 KN /im?. Sand rai Fy = 0.0 25m, Cy = Gor A surcharge Ag + dof = 80KN/m? is applied instantancously. Calculate the degree of consolidation and the consolidation settlement $0 days after the surcharge application. 7m,1; = 0.0m, de Formulas: When surcharge is agplied instantaneously, average degree of cunsolidaticn due to radia! éraina: u, =1—exp Go me oe s at=st : Where, m = -in(2 vitiet a(S )ms Inwhich, n = He = 5§ = Average degree of consolidation due to vestical drainage is, = £ (eee 19¢| i 3. (2) Detine sf grou vats meant by ground rover? Wyn treeded? = (©) Sate and eeu the undameial Now aagram fer selecting af rand iorovement_ (7) 19) Gropese Ina fa a saad wasn poet ye bw, (9) sacra the cy = (2d ‘oma consoietes Ave gan tha akonng dla HG 15 Gwoowayerorape) pete cise ra wiany & atta mc te ay lyr = 100 ‘A surcharge 16 agin as shou in Figure (ch. Assure tis to be a nosamear cass, Cateuate = (2) Tho dies cf conslidoion 5: (Alco, to conection ses 3 LULLLEL LL er ho surcharge fest seed. Pate cus the surcharge. VI = 100 (days) Tie @oys) Figure (c) Appcation ot srerara> Page 2cf> x, normally consclida entire primary ccusclidation (>) Why soft soil is needed to improve? Give & 2 Brief doscripticti on i} Sand (09) rofiotation, and iii) Stone column (c} During the constructicn of @ highway bridge, the average permanent load en (17) the clay layer as shown in figure is expected to increase by about 115 Nim’, The average effective overburden pressure at the middie of the clay layer is 210 kNim? Given H.=6m, ©.=0.28, €c=99, C.=0.26m*lmanth The clay is J. Determine the surcharg2 ( Ac’, ) needed to eliminate the lement in § momhs by pre-compression technique.

Ground Improvement

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