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    Physics CH 1 Mansi

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    upacharyadhiraj
    1. Dimensions are the powers to which fundamental units must be raised to obtain the unit of a physical quantity. The dimensions of a quantity are expressed using symbols for the fundamental units with exponents. 2. Examples of dimensions include length [L], mass [M], and time [T]. Common derived quantities include velocity [L/T], acceleration [L/T^2], force [M*L/T^2], and area [L^2]. 3. Dimensional analysis allows determining the dimensions of derived quantities from the dimensions of fundamental quantities using the dimensional formula. This acts as a check on the correctness of physical equations.

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    Physics CH 1 Mansi

    Uploaded by

    upacharyadhiraj
    39 views14 pages
    1. Dimensions are the powers to which fundamental units must be raised to obtain the unit of a physical quantity. The dimensions of a quantity are expressed using symbols for the fundamental units with exponents. 2. Examples of dimensions include length [L], mass [M], and time [T]. Common derived quantities include velocity [L/T], acceleration [L/T^2], force [M*L/T^2], and area [L^2]. 3. Dimensional analysis allows determining the dimensions of derived quantities from the dimensions of fundamental quantities using the dimensional formula. This acts as a check on the correctness of physical equations.

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    physics ch 1 mansi

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    1. Dimensions are the powers to which fundamental units must be raised to obtain the unit of a physical quantity. The dimensions of a quantity are expressed using symbols for the fundamental units with exponents. 2. Examples of dimensions include length [L], mass [M], and time [T]. Common derived quantities include velocity [L/T], acceleration [L/T^2], force [M*L/T^2], and area [L^2]. 3. Dimensional analysis allows determining the dimensions of derived quantities from the dimensions of fundamental quantities using the dimensional formula. This acts as a check on the correctness of physical equations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views14 pages

    Physics CH 1 Mansi

    Uploaded by

    upacharyadhiraj
    1. Dimensions are the powers to which fundamental units must be raised to obtain the unit of a physical quantity. The dimensions of a quantity are expressed using symbols for the fundamental units with exponents. 2. Examples of dimensions include length [L], mass [M], and time [T]. Common derived quantities include velocity [L/T], acceleration [L/T^2], force [M*L/T^2], and area [L^2]. 3. Dimensional analysis allows determining the dimensions of derived quantities from the dimensions of fundamental quantities using the dimensional formula. This acts as a check on the correctness of physical equations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 14

    4.

    Units and Measurements


    Intoduction
    Xfhysics is the bramch of science cwhich deals with the
    stücy f naBure cnd natrl phenomenaVavious
    It is a qumtitative gience where
    physical quam bities ane measunecl
    'A quamity which cun be measntd and ith the
    help of cuhi ch ,Vavious physicd happenings cun be
    explained and expn 65ed in the frm of daws
    is culled aphysical qucnity
    Exmples : length ,mass time, force ee
    Q) What is a meISLUTEMCDt ) How is TMasUTed qucnHby
    exDIeSSed
    4jA measuxementi_ a. Ccmpenison twith intermaionally
    acepteo tmclend nesuing Unit.
    i) The mzasuTEd qum HBy cH) is expressed in terna
    ot anmbex en) fllo@ed by a 0YESponcding Unit()
    Exmple-
    Length efawne wben expressed as 2m,it means
    Value¢e ength is 2. in the unit ef mCmere).
    LG) hat is a wnit 2
    The stamdad meaSUTe ct amy quanthy is callec
    the unit ot that qumHhy
    c)which uns have yeu sed in the Iabotatory
    Frx measuTing
    a) Length 6) JMass ) Time ) Tempiake
    PyaLength Mass Time TempeTahHTe
    Units millimtre Secends Deqree celsius
    metre
    otimeke, kilagiam minuktg kree fahrenbet
    )Wbich syskem ct Unts have yca wsecl2
    MKS oxSI Systen is USed mostly: At tmes ,evem
    CS Gysfemm is uSed.
    etomruenM bto eiy.
    |2 Syslem at Units
    q) Descibe triefy clfferent types ot
    sysems o Un
    SysBem ot Units re class tfied maunly ihta un ht
    It stands fer Centimere -Giam-Secend syse .
    Tn this
    ystemlength,mass md time. e
    miaSUTe d in Ccntimehre qm andgetencl
    despechivels:
    )MK:S-system
    Tt stanede ta Nete-kilogxcm Se Cond
    Tn this sys tem, len cth nass systm
    amd tme ae
    measlnedl in mehe kilocpcm gnd seund
    Kespectively
    It gtcmds fox Foot-
    Sstem, length,ma35 Ond PÙumd- SeConc system.Tn this
    Foot 4puuns amd Hme cme neaslreel in.
    secencd especively
    TH sland Foy Systemm
    geplaced allathey suskems Tntrmationa. This system bas
    has been inttx naionally atepmenHoned
    tal abovet
    USed all over cocxlc -As the and is beinq
    S. Onis 05e decima
    System,Cnveysio)
    Simple coithin
    anc convenient the system is vry
    2)122)
    g)l what ae Kundamental guanies t Derived quankies
    EundamenkuJ quan iHesi
    The physical qucmtities which do mot
    on any thex physical quconti ky Pr heiy cdepen
    measuements e they Cam be divectly
    aYe lto Pundamen td qucn hHes mea_umel
    Derived qucmHhes : Physica qucnHHes other
    Hham fmdomentl quanMies aohich clepend on
    lome cy mnf indament quant Hes Pex thelr
    mecsumements me called clerivecd qucm tittes
    oWhat ne limdamcnld unils Derived units 2
    Fumdanentad Units -
    The units used to measuie Rundamemta quamtHes
    aYe. calleod Amcdamentd Units
    Dexived Units->
    Ihe units ot deive cquem Hhies cuhich ce expressec in
    tems funclmemt units Per thez measunements
    ane alled olenived ynits

    and
    sym bol
    Fumdmenl qucn Hy 5I Unitsymbo
    Length metre
    kilognarm kg
    Time Secomd
    4lectnc cUYYnt cmpere A
    Tempexcte kelvin K
    LumimcS TntensityComdela
    Amcunt ot substmce mole mol

    alstate and descaibe the Ho Supplenenarny unibs.


    The too Supplenentemy unis mei
    i) Plame cmale Calo):
    a) The Tatio of length ct ancCds) f an circle
    the Tucdius () dthe le is called as plamecnqleida).
    ds
    6) Thus,clo is angle subtended by the uc at the
    Centre t he ciYcle.
    ) (nit : Tadian Crad) & denotd as o
    d) Length e the mc = ChIm FaeMCe z 2ITY
    t cncle
    plame angle sub fende by entire Chle lo- 2Ty -2
    Ct its Centye is
    Importumt Cheant c physical quamtihies. otth theiz
    ame, symbol, feN mula cand units

    Physicad Quanki ky Symbol Fotmule Units

    Mass gm
    Length CDistunce)
    Tme
    Velocity V= Displa(ement
    time
    m<s cmls

    p-massxVelocity Kqm<s qmes


    Acelenraon Chenge. in veloity m<s cns4
    time
    FoTce F=mKASS XaCelerakion Kqmg qmms'
    Newtn dyne
    9aeight W
    acelerakion.
    Areo A-lengthrnlidth
    Volume

    Density 8=mass
    Vo lume
    Work W n- foxcex DisplcemenT eog
    22

    (k-E)kintHe energy
    4Potenta mexg4 pE PEmgh
    Powex Time
    Watt
    2
    Is Pressue P force
    Area
    Nn dne<e
    Tmpulse I I-forex time NS
    Dimensions and DimensBonal Analysi5 :
    @Deline limtnsions and dimensional tormula. dphsi
    quamhly
    Dimensions
    The cdimensions ef a physial quanity are the
    powey to ohich the concetnec Pumdmentod units
    must be yai'sed in ordey o obtun the unit
    the. given physicul qumity
    ihon any derived qumhity is Tepresented toth
    appropriate poweys ct symbols ot the mchmtntal
    quantitiea , guch an expressiOn is call ted climengool
    Formula
    I 5
    expIESsed By squaye bxacket oith nong.
    ma
    Commma in be-ween the
    symbols
    oohkuin the dimensions of Pollócoing
    ) Mas5= oo physital gun Hhies
    IM Displacement
    CM
    Tme
    CMTJ
    D6placemunt
    Tme
    |DimensionsetNeacil Coimens
    CDimensioionsns ef t DiTime
    splacement ]
    [MLT1
    --

    Dmcnslons tvelboi[TH
    5) Momen tum >
    Momentum masS x
    x Velocity
    Dimensions eMomentum|Dimensions et 7,Dimen s/ong at
    mass
    vescity
    Dimensjons cf Momcrntum[MLTJ kgms kgm<s
    Acelerution = Chemge in velocity
    Tme
    fDimensions ot Nelocihy
    Oimensions of Aq
    AteleraHon]=pmensions «k Timej

    Dimensions ct Acdlerakon-M
    z) Forte
    FoTe - Mass xAceletion
    Dimensions of Fonej-[bimensions
    Mass
    otoimgnsionsgt
    Aaeleycton
    [MLTJMLTI
    TOimensions ef Fone]-[MLTI Km3) kg mls
    wWeight Peass x Guvitahiongl aueleration
    LOimensions t weigh-DigensonsMass
    Dimensiens
    gtavítuhiona/ ecel>

    T2
    bimensions «fWeight CMIT|
    9) Area
    Area Length XWidth
    Dimensions ed Area]-fDimensing v rDimenaions
    iclth

    IDinensjons cteft Area F-NL


    MLI
    1o) Valuyme
    Volume Ltngth x nlidth x Height

    DitmVolme
    inslans[DilotLtngthlotwtdth
    mnsions][Dimensionsl [DiMtHeight
    mtnsions!
    oimensions
    [MLHNtt-MLT
    Mass
    Volume
    Dimensions cf Densih=LD'mensions ef Mass
    [Dimemsions c volume
    2) wexk
    Work FoTCe- x Displaçement
    |Dimensiöns etwokimenstons/D0menstong
    J t Displatement
    -[MLIIMLT
    kym's kgnys
    3) Rinec Energy

    kinetie Enegy duss Velbcity


    4is cimensionless qumihy

    too o2-2

    DimensioDS
    Kincic Encg4 kgn{s
    4) Potenta Energy
    pEMasSXqnuwiteutional actclenuhitn xheight
    Dimension5
    | ot Dimensions Dimensions Dim tnsiens
    LPatential Entngy J na35
    mass tgrav. aceJ1 t height
    IMLT IIMLTMLTI
    t227
    Uienkal EnergyML Kgniys
    Power
    Yower Work
    Time
    |DimensionS G Wenk
    [Dimensions ctfur
    Loin ensina et Time
    2-2

    Dim ensions ot
    L6) essUYe -
    Roar-M
    Pressurte FoYc e
    Avea

    Dimensions t ressure= (aimnsions cf Fote


    TDimensfons of Anea
    |-2
    fMLT
    1-L-2
    pimensions ct hessure [MLT Kg/m_
    1)Tmpul 6e
    Impulse Force x Time
    Diensionsot Impulee]-[Dinensons-1: oi'mensions T
    [MLT}[MLT]
    |Dimensions ot Impldse] LNLTJ kgm<s
    i)To check the corectness t phy sitd eyuation
    Use cf dmenGiSDa analysis. methodto check the
    CoYects5 ct aohysical eguaHon.
    D Valtat dsut t4 at 3) V=ubt2C5
    AT Check the coTY¬Cness elcphysical equctt on

    writing the dimensibna fumdla, ef

    Dimensions of RHS - [u]+[at]


    fhiLT}+EMLJEMIT}

    As dimemsions cet both sides et equation is same,


    physitud eguckfon is dimensionally comect
    TATcheck the correctnass c anhysical equakim
    wating the. dimensional ermula.ct evtny em,uegt.
    Diminsi cns ce L'Hs[s]MLTJ
    COim ensicns ch Ret:s ]- [ut]+[a]
    4 is Constunt so it is cimemsion less qucmtty
    -ÍMLLTIMCH+INLt[NL
    contness taphs C euukion
    check the
    ahike tht climensiona Pemulact eveny tem,
    Weqct

    [LHS]-[R-HS]
    As dimensions c both side t tyuaion is same
    physicul equaHon is dimtn sionally mnic
    i)To esub li_h the Yelakionship bekween relatee
    physital quon tilies
    me Ood a simole Demduum depemds

    Eiroole Denduluim
    ’ Expmtssion Rx tnme pumad ota simple penduum
    hy dmenSitnal
    iTine penad CT) et simple pendal um cdepends
    un leng th (4) and actelevaHon dlue to qnavity
    C9) as fo llows

    whexe kis constumt of po poytHonality anc


    it is cdimensionle s5 quanhhy.Also qandl b qne
    akonad numbexs Equaing dimer
    both Srcles, dimension s )
    atb2b
    Cemparinq the dimensions et the coTYespcnding
    qucniti o on both the sides @e gc
    ath=0
    and -2b

    eqm becemS

    .T-k14

    The. yalue ct kis deemined expenimentully


    and i's Fumd to be. 2T
    T: 21T

    Deriye the fmla t kinehe emerqy ta pantHce


    having mass Ym and velo cihy Wsing
    dim nsiona analysis method.
    Kinchc enerqy Eaa body
    boy clepends
    cleptnds upun
    upn mass (m).
    omal yelaciky (Y) the body
    Let E.d m
    KE k m
    tohex e k-is cunstunt ot popox tHonali ty amd its
    dimensionless quemhity Also cmd cne Yuhon
    mum bers. Equatiny cimensions n both sides
    Cn-k[M''PICMLF

    Compernins the dim cnsions et the Comrespendiny


    qucnhhieS on both Gides we get
    y-2
    -y2-2
    eqn ) becomes
    The Vadue t k is dekermined
    espenimentaly
    -KE t my

    iNT indthe CUn yexsion Factoy between the


    Únits the game physical quanity in ws
    diexen System ot units
    )Deteymine the conveSLOn Fructey betoeen
    iCde and

    Dmension et Work MIT


    wmite
    Subshhuling in the above equcaHon ,we ae)

    LMLiTJ -2

    2 -2

    LMz
    uhese SuPix lindicateg 1 Units amd 2 I'ndicateg
    2 -2
    LI2

    ,2 -2 NE

    ) Delemine the cen veNSIon Facien between Nddne


    Let N dyne 1|-2
    -

    in the aboVe equaHon, we cum wmie.


    SubshHuingy
    LMEz[MT

    wbene suftix | indicateg sI Units nd 2inditutes


    -2
    Cpis Uniks
    K9

    2 -2

    |IN1clyme

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