BIOLOGY

BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER : MARCH 2022

Time : 3 Hours ] [ Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions :
The question paper is divided into four sections.
(1) Section A : Q. No. 1 contains ten multiple choice type of questions carrying one mark each.
(i) F
 or each multiple choice type of question, it is mandatory to write the correct answer along
with its alphabet, e.g. (a) ....../ (b) ....../ (c) ....../ (d) ...... etc. No mark/s shall be given
if ONLY the correct answer or alphabet of the correct answer is written.
(ii) I n case of MCQ, evaluation will be done for the first attempt only.
Q. No. 2 contains eight very short answer type of questions carrying one mark each.
(2) Section B : Q. No. 3 to 14 are short answer type of questions carrying two marks each.
(3) Section C : Q. No. 15 to 26 are short answer type of questions carrying three marks each.
(4) Section D : Q. No. 27 to 31 are long answer type of questions carrying four marks each.
(5) Begin the answer of each section on a new page.

SECTION – A
Q. 1. Select and write the correct answer for the following multiple choice type of
questions :  [10]
(i) How many meiotic and mitotic divisions occur during the development of
male gametophyte from the microspore mother cell?
(a) One meiotic and two mitotic (b) Two meiotic only
(c) Two mitotic only (d) One mitotic and one meiotic (1)
(ii) During replication of DNA, the separated strands are prevented from
recoiling by using ........... .
(a) single strand binding protein (b) reverse transcriptase
(c) endonuclease (d) polymerase (1)
(iii)

ABCDE FGH ADCBE FGH

Which event is represented by the above diagram, related to chromosomal

aberrations?
(a) Deletion (b) Duplication (c) Inversion (d) Translocation(1)
(iv) ........... hormone responsible for efflux of K+ ions from guard cells and act
as antitranspirant.
(a) Gibberellins (b) Cytokinin
(c) Ethylene (d) Abscissic acid (1)
BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER : MARCH 2022 1
 (v) Test tube baby technique is called ........... .

(a) In-vitro fertilization (b) In-situ fertilization

(c) In-vivo fertilization (d) Artificial insemination (1)

(vi) While playing cricket Raju faces problem of severe pain and heaviness in

the chest. Pain spreads from neck, lower jaw, left arm and to left shoulder.

From above symptoms identify disease.

(a) Malaria (b) Angina pectoris

(c) Kidney failure (d) Typhoid  (1)

(vii) ........... layer is in close contact of CNS in human being.

(a) Cranium (b) Dura matter

(c) Arachnoid matter (d) Pia matter  (1)

(viii) Cellular factors in innate immunity is provided by ........... .

(a) phagocytes (b) antibody

(c) T-lymphocyte (d) B-lymphocyte  (1)

(ix) Pick out the appropriate association representing brood parasitism.

(a) Hermit crab and sea anemone

(b) Asian koel and common Indian crow

(c) Algae and fungi

(d) Buffalo and cattle egret  (1)

(x) Annealing step of PCR, operates at ...........°C.

(a) 90 – 98 (b) 40 – 60 (c) 70 – 75 (d) 100 – 120  (1)

Q. 2. Answer the following questions :  [08]

(i) Name the part of gynoecium that determines the compatibility of pollen

grains.  (1)

(ii) Which is primary precursor of IAA in plants?  (1)

(iii) Name the cell which is responsible for nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria. (1)

(iv) How many biodiversity hotspots have been identified around the world? (1)

(v) Name the plant disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. (1)

(vi) Identify the trophoblast cells which are in contact with embryonal knob

during blastulation. (1)

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII
 (vii) From the given diagram, identify the type of population growth curve : (1)

(viii) What do you mean by pioneer species? (1)

SECTION – B
Attempt any EIGHT of the following questions :  [16]
Q. 3. Identify A, B, C, D in the given diagram of human reproductive system : 

(2)

Identify chromosomal disorder caused due to non-disjunction of 21st number of

Q. 4. 
chromosome and enlist its symptoms. (2)
Q. 5. Write the aims of human genome project. (2)
Q. 6. 
Match the parts of ovule given in Column I with parts of seed given in Column II.

Column I Column II
(a) Egg (1) Testa
(b) Nucellus (2) Tegmen
(c) Outer integument (3) Perisperm
(d) Inner integument (4) Embryo (2)
Q. 7. Enlist the characteristics of Neanderthal man. (2)
Q. 8. Define the following :
(a) Gravitational water (b) Hygroscopic water
(c) Combined water (d) Capillary water (2)
Q. 9. Give the different properties of water. (2)
BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER : MARCH 2022 3
Q. 10. 
A person met with a small accident and bleeds, but very soon stops bleeding.
Explain the physiological process responsible for this. (2)
Q. 11. 
Match the antibiotics in Column I with their microbial sources in Column II.
Column I Column II
(a) Chloromycetin (1) Streptomyces griseus
(b) Erythromycin (2) Streptomyces aurifaciens
(c) Streptomycin (3) Streptomyces venezuelae
(d) Terramycin (4) Streptomyces erythreus (2)
Q. 12. 
Abscissic acid is the common name given to two identical substances isolated
separately. Name them. Give the chemical features of abscissic acid. (2)
Q. 13. What are the effects of biotechnology with relation to human health? (2)
Q. 14. Give the adaptations shown by desert animals. (2)

SECTION – C
Attempt any EIGHT of the following questions :  [24]
Q. 15. Explain natural selection with example of industrial melanism. (3)
Q. 16. Describe physiological effects and applications of gaseous hormone in plants. (3)
Q. 17. 
What is ecological succession? Name various seral stages from pioneer species
to climax community with suitable example in hydrarch succession. (3)
Q. 18. With the help of neat, labelled diagram describe the structure of root hair. (3)
Q. 19. Complete the following flow diagram of double circulation :

(3)


Q. 20. Distinguish between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. (3)
Q. 21. Give the applications of DNA fingerprinting. (3)
Q. 22. Write a note on In-situ and Ex-situ conservation. (3)
Q. 23. Explain the properties of nerve fibres. (3)
Q. 24. Give the causative agent, mode of transmission and symptoms of typhoid. (3)

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 25. Match the following products with their microbial sources :
Products Microbial sources
(a) Vitamin B2 (1) Rhizopus arrhizus
(b) Fumaric acid (2) Candida lipolytica
(c) Vitamin B12 (3) Trichoderma konigii
(d) Lipase (4) Neurospora gossypii
(e) Cellulase (5) Pseudomonas denitrificans
(f) Citric acid (6) Aspergillus niger (3)

Q. 26. Explain any three examples of biopiracy.  (3)

SECTION – D
Attempt any THREE of the following questions :  [12]
Q. 27. With the help of neat and labelled diagrams, distinguish between artery and vein. (4)
Q. 28. State the names of hormone and glands secreting them :
(a) Growth of thyroid gland
(b) Controls tubular absorption of water in kidney
(c) Stimulates liver and muscles for glycogenesis
(d) Development of immune system and maturation of T-lymphocytes (4)
Q. 29. Describe outbreeding devices which encourage cross pollination.  (4)
Q. 30. 
Explain the law of dominance and compare how it differs from incomplete
dominance and codominance. (4)
Q. 31. Describe hormonal control in various phases of menstrual cycle. (4)
________

BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER : MARCH 2022 5

 SOLUTION : BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER – MARCH 2022

SECTION – A
Q. 1. (i) (a) One meiotic and two mitotic
(ii) (a) single strand binding protein
(iii) (c) Inversion
(iv) (d) Abscissic acid
(v) (a) In-vitro fertilization
(vi) (b) Angina pectoris
(vii) (d) Pia matter
(viii) (a) phagocytes
(ix) (b) Asian koel and common Indian crow
(x) (b) 40 – 60
Q. 2. (i) Stigma
(ii) Tryptophan
(iii) Heterocysts
(iv) 34
(v) Crown gall
(vi) Cells of Rauber
(vii) Exponential or geometric growth curve
(viii) Pioneer species are those species which invade a bare area.
SECTION – B
Q. 3. A : Testis
B : Vas deferens
C : Seminal vesicle
D : Prostate gland
The chromosomal disorder caused due to non-disjunction of 21st number of
Q. 4. (a) 
chromosome is Down’s syndrome.
(b) Symptoms of Down’s syndrome :
(1) Typical facial features.
(2) An epicanthal skin fold, over the inner corner of eyes causing downward
slanting eyes.
(3) 
Typical flat face, rounded flat nose, mouth always open with protruding
tongue.
(4) Mental retardation.
(5) Poor skeletal development.
(6) Short stature, relatively small skull and arched palate.
(7) Flat hand with simian crease that runs across the palm.

6 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 5. Aims of Human genome project :
(1) To sequence 3 billion base pairs of DNA in human genome and to map an
estimated 33000 genes.
(2) To store the information collected from the project in databases.
(3) To develop tools and techniques for analysis of the data.
(4) Transfer of the related technologies to the private sectors, such as industries.
(5) Taking care of the legal, ethical and social issues which may arise from project.
(6) To sequence the genomes of several other organisms such as E.coli, Caenorhabditis
elegans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila, rice, Arabidopsis, Mus musculus,
etc.
Q. 6. (a) Egg – Embryo
(b) Nucellus – Perisperm
(c) Outer integument – Testa
(d) Inner integument – Tegmen
Q. 7. Characteristics of Neanderthal man :
(1) The scientific name of Neanderthal man is Homo neanderthalensis. He is described
as advanced prehistoric man.
(2) 
He was called Neanderthal man because its first fossil was collected from
Neanderthal valley in Germany by Fuhlrott (1856).
(3) He was heavily built and short and had outwardly curved thigh bones.
(4) The facial features were as follows : prominent brow ridges, thick skull bones,
low and slanting forehead, deep jaw without a chin, etc.
(5) Neanderthal man existed in late Pleistocene epoch about 1,00,000 to 40,000 years
ago. It was widely spread in Europe, Asia and North America. It became extinct
about 25,000 years ago.
(6) The cranial capacity of Neanderthal man was about 1400 cc, which was roughly
equal to that of modern man. He used hide for dressing.
(7) It showed intellectual development in constructing and using flint tools and fire.
(8) The Neanderthal men used to bury their dead bodies along with their tools and
perform ceremonies.
Q. 8. (a) Gravitational water : Water percolated deep in the soil is called gravitational
water.
(b) Hygroscopic water : Water held tightly around soil particles, adsorbed or adhered
water on fine particles is called hygroscopic water.
Combined water : Water which is present as hydrated oxides of silicon,
(c) 
aluminium, etc. is called combined water.
(d) Capillary water : Water that is present in the fine spaces of capillaries between
soil particles is called capillary water.
SOLUTION TO BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER – MARCH 2022 7
Q. 9. Properties of water :
(1) Water is a compound and it is in liquid state at room temperature.
(2) It is an inert inorganic compound with neutral pH.
(3) It has high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, high heat of fusion.
(4) It has high surface tension.
(5) Water molecule has good adhesive and cohesive forces of attraction.
(6) The various properties of water are result of weak hydrogen bonding between the
water molecules.
Q. 10. Physiological process of blood clotting :
(1) The process of clotting may be initiated by contact of blood with any foreign
surface (intrinsic process) or with damaged tissue (extrinsic process).
(2) Intrinsic and extrinsic processes involve interaction of various substances called
clotting factors by a stepwise or cascade mechanism.
There are in all twelve clotting factors numbered as I to XII (factor VI is not in
active use).
(3) Interaction of these factors in a cascade manner leads to formation of enzyme,
Thromboplastin which helps in the formation of enzyme prothrombinase.
(4) Prothrombinase inactivates heparin and also converts inactive prothrombin into
active thrombin.
Thrombin converts soluble blood protein-fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin. Fibrin
forms a mesh in which platelets and other blood cells are trapped to form the clot.
Q. 11. (a) Chloromycetin – Streptomyces venezuelae
(b) Erythromycin – Streptomyces erythreus
(c) Streptomycin – Streptomyces griseus
(d) Terramycin – Streptomyces aurifaciens
Q. 12. (a) Two identical substances of Abscissic acid are as follows :
(1) Abscission I and II
(2) Dormin
(b) Chemical features of Abscissic acid :
(1) Chemically abscissic acid is 15-C sesquiterpenoid.
(2) It is synthesised from mevalonic acid.
Q. 13. Effects of biotechnology on human health :
(1) Allergies : Transgenic soyabean containing a gene from the Brazil nut to increase
the production of methionine, has caused allergic reactions in those with known nut
allergies. (These are known as Biotech soyabeans.)
(2) Long-Term effects : GMO technology is a recent development and its long-term
effects on health cannot be anticipated now.
(3) New Proteins : Proteins which were never ingested before, can have potential
effects which are not yet known.

8 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 (4) Food Additives : There are possibilities of introducing additional nutrients,
antibiotics and vaccines into food. The use of GMOs may create antibiotic and
vaccine-resistant strains of diseases.
Q. 14. Adaptations in desert animals :
(1) Desert animals show low basal metabolic rate. They obtain moisture from succulent
plants and rarely drink water. E.g. Gazelle and Oryx.
(2) Desert animals like camel produce concentrated urine and dry dung.
(3) Desert animals are nocturnal, seeking out shade during the day or dwelling
underground in burrows. Smaller animals from desert, emerge from their burrows
at night.
(4) Mammals living in cold deserts have developed greater insulation through warmer
body fur and insulating layers of fat beneath the skin.
(5) Many desert reptiles are ambush predators and often bury themselves in the sand,
waiting for prey to come within range.
(6) Other animals have bodies designed to save water. Scorpions and wolf spiders
have a thick outer covering which reduces moisture loss. The kidneys of desert
animals concentrate urine, so that they excrete less water.
SECTION – C
Q. 15. (1) Industrial melanism is the best example of natural selection which was studied by
Kettlewell. In U.K., there are two varieties of peppered moths, Biston betularia
and Biston carbonaria.
(2) Before industrialisation, in Great Britain, Biston betularia were more in number
than Biston carbonaria. B. betularia is greyish white while, B. carbonaria is
melanic form.
(3) These nocturnal moths rest on tree trunk during day. White-winged moth can
camouflage well with the lichen covered whitish barks of trees. They thus escaped
the attention of the predatory birds. But at the same time melanic forms were
visible due to white barks of the trees. Their number was thus reduced as they
were preyed upon by birds.
(4) Later there was an industrial revolution, which ultimately resulted in air pollution
causing dark soot to settle on the barks of the trees. Lichens too were destroyed
and the melanic forms were now at advantage. Melanic forms could camouflage
with black tree trunks and their number increased. White-winged moth become
clearly seen in changed colours of the trees and thus they were easily caught by
predatory birds. This caused decrease in their number.
(5) Natural selection thus acted in changed environmental conditions and helped in
the establishment of a phenotypic traits. The changed traits were more adaptive
and hence were selected. Natural selection encourages those genes or traits that
assure highest degree of adaptive efficiency between population and its
environment.
SOLUTION TO BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER – MARCH 2022 9
Q. 16. Physiological effects and applications of gaseous hormones in plants :
(1) Ethylene is a gaseous growth inhibitor hormone.
(2) It promotes ripening of fruits like bananas, apples and mangoes. The commercial
application of ethephon is done.
(3) It initiates growth of lateral roots.
(4) Dormancy of buds and seeds is broken by its application.
(5) It accelerates formation of abscission layer and thus abscission of leaves, flowers
and fruits is observed.
(6) Ethylene is responsible for checking growth of lateral buds thus causes apical
dominance and retards flowering.
(7) Process of senescence of plant organs is enhanced.
(8) Epinasty, i.e., drooping of leaves and flowers results due to its application in some
plants.
(9) It increases activity of chlorophyllase enzyme causing degreening effect in banana
and citrus fruits.
Q. 17. (a) Ecological succession : The gradual and fairly predictable change in the species
composition of a given area is called ecological succession.
(b) Seral stages in hydrarch succession :
(1) In aquatic habitats the pioneer species in primary succession are the small
phytoplankton.
(2)  Phytoplankton are replaced by rooted-submerged plants (e.g. Hydrilla),
rooted-floating angiosperms (e.g. Lotus) followed by free-floating plants (e.g.
Pistia), then reed swamp (e.g. Typha), marsh-meadow (e.g. Cyperus), scrub
(e.g. Alnus) and finally the trees (e.g. Quercus) in a very systematic and
gradual way.
(3) The climax again would be a forest. With passage of time, the water body is
converted into land.
Q. 18. Structure of root hair :
(1) Water from soil is absorbed by plants with the help of root hairs.
(2) Root hairs are present in zone of absorption.
(3) Epidermal cells form unicellular extensions which are short lived (ephemeral)
structures i.e., root hairs.

Fig. Structure of root hair

(4) Root hairs are nothing but cytoplasmic extensions of epiblema cell.

10 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 (5) Root hairs are long tube like structures of about 1 to 10 mm.
(6) They are colourless, unbranched and very delicate structures.
(7) A large central vacuole is surrounded by thin layer of cytoplasm, plasma membrane
and outer cell wall.
(8) The cell wall of root hair is thin and double layered with outer layer of pectin and
inner layer of cellulose which is freely permeable.
Q. 19.

Q. 20. Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism

1. 
Increase in the level of thyroid 1. 
Decrease in the level of thyroid
hormones is called hyperthyroidism. hormones is called hypothyroidism.
2. 
BMR is increased due to more 2. 
BMR is decreased due to reduced
oxidation. oxidation.
3. Patient loses weight. 3. 
Patient gains weight due to
Myxoedematous tissue.
4. 
There is increase in heart rate and 4. There is decrease in heart rate and
blood pressure. blood pressure.
5. 
Body temperature is higher than 5. 
Body temperature is lower than
normal. normal.
6. It may result in exophthalmic goitre. 6. It results into myxoedema. With lack
of iodine in diet, it may cause simple
goitre.
7. 
Patient becomes highly irritable and 7. 
Person becomes dull, lethargic and
nervous. sleepy.
8. Also called Grave’s disease. 8. Also called Gull’s disease.

Q. 21. Applications of DNA fingerprinting :

(1) To solve criminal cases such as rape or murder in forensic science.
(2) To find out the biological father or mother or both, of the child, in case of disputed
parentage.
(3) Pedigree analysis in cats, dogs, horses and humans.
SOLUTION TO BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER – MARCH 2022 11
Q. 22. (a) In-situ conservation :
(1) In-situ conservation is a onsite conservation.
(2) Plant and animal species are conserved in their natural habitat for protecting
endangered species.
(3) It is done in natural environment.
(4)  National parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserve, etc. are set up for in-situ
conservation.
(5) It is a dynamic process. Cheap and convenient to conduct.
(6) Captive breeding is not successful in all cases of in-situ conservation method.
(b) Ex-situ conservation :
(1) Ex-situ conservation is done outside the habitat of plants and animals.
(2) Plant and animal species are conserved in artificial or manmade place.
(3) It is done in manmade environment.
(4) Zoo, aquarium, seed banks are the examples of ex-situ conservation.
(5) It is a static and expensive and commercial process.
(6) Captive breeding is successful and can help in increasing the number of
endangered organisms.
Q. 23. Properties of nerve fibres :
(1) Excitability or irritability : The nerve fibre have the capacity to perceive stimulus
and then enter the state of activity. This property is due to polarised membrane.
(2) Conductivity : Nerve fibres can transmit the excitation.
(3) Stimulus : Stimulus can be detected by nerve fibres.
(4) Summation effect : Nerve fibres have the property to sum up many weak stimuli
which are subliminal and then produce an impulse.
(5) All or none law : The nerves either conduct an impulse along its length and or
will not conduct at all.
(6) Refractory period : The time interval about millisecond during which a nerve
fails to respond is refractory period. Nerves have such refractory period.
(7) Velocity : The rate of transmission of impulse is higher in long and thick nerves.
Q. 24. (a) Causative agent of typhoid :
Typhoid is an infective disease caused by Gram  ve bacterium, Salmonella typhi.
(b) Mode of transmission :
(1) It is food and water-borne infection. The bacteria causing typhoid is found in
the intestinal lumen of infected person.
(2)  Poor hygiene habits and poor sanitation and insects like houseflies and
cockroaches spread typhoid.
(c) Symptoms :
(1) Prolonged and high fever with nausea, fatigue, headache.
(2) Abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhoea.
(3) In severe cases rose-coloured rash is seen on skin.
12 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII
 (4) Tongue shows white coating and there is cough.
(5) Anorexia or loss of appetite is seen.
(6) In chronic cases there is breathlessness, irregular heartbeats and haemorrhage.
Q. 25. Products Microbial sources
(1) Vitamin B2 Neurospora gossypii
(2) Fumaric acid Rhizopus arrhizus
(3) Vitamin B12 Pseudomonas denitrificans
(4) Lipase Candida lipolytica
(5) Cellulase Trichoderma konigii
(6) Citric acid Aspergillus niger

Q. 26. Examples of Biopiracy :

(a) Patenting of Neem (Azadirachta indica) :
(i) Pirating India’s traditional knowledge about the properties and uses of neem,
the USDA and an American MNC W.R. Grace sought a patent from the
European Patent Office (EPO) on the “method for controlling on plants by
the aid of hydrophobic extracted neem oil,” in the early 90s.
(ii) 
The patenting of the fungicidal properties of Neem was an example of
biopiracy.
(b) Patenting of Basmati :
(i) Texmati is a trade name of “Basmati rice line and grains” for which Texas
based American company Rice Tec Inc was awarded a patent by the
US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in 1997.
(ii) This is a case of biopiracy as Basmati is a long-grained, aromatic variety of
rice indigenous to the Indian subcontinent.
(iii) Broad claims done by American Company about “inventing” the said rice
was the basis of patent application.
(iv) The UPSTO has rejected all the claims due to people’s movement against
Rice Tec in March 2001.
(c) Haldi (Turmeric) Biopiracy :
(i) A patent claim about the healing properties of Haldi was made by two American
researchers of Indian origin of the University of Mississippi Medical Center,
to the US Patent and Trademark Office.
(ii) They were granted a patent in March 1995.
(iii) This is an example of biopiracy because healing properties of Haldi is not a
new discovery, but it is a traditional knowledge in ayurvedas for centuries.
(iv) The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) applied to the
US Patent Office for a re-examination and they realized the mistake and
cancelled the patent.
SOLUTION TO BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER – MARCH 2022 13
 SECTION – D

Q. 27.

Fig. T.S. of Artery and Vein

Artery Vein
1. The blood vessels that arise from the 1. The blood vessels that bring blood to
heart and carry blood away from heart the heart are called veins.
are called arteries.
2. Arteries are thick walled blood vessels, 2. 
Veins are thin walled blood vessels,
situated in deep layers in the body. situated superficially in the body.
3. Arteries do not have valves. 3. Veins have valves.
4. Tunica adventitia, the outermost layer 4. Tunica externa, the outermost layer of
of arteries is thick and elastic. veins is thin.

5. Tunica media is very thick and contain 5. Tunica media is thin layer and contain
elastic fibres and smooth muscles. involuntary muscle fibres.
6. The lumen of arteries is small. 6. The lumen of the veins is very spacious.
7. 
With the exception of pulmonary 7. 
With the exception of pulmonary
arteries, all other arteries carry veins, all other veins carry deoxygenated
oxygenated blood. blood.

8. Blood in the arteries show high blood 8. Blood in the veins show lesser blood
pressure. pressure.

Q. 28. Hormone Gland

(a) Growth of thyroid gland TSH or Thyroid Pituitary or hypophysis
Stimulating Hormone
(b) Controls tubular absorption ADH or antidiuretic Hypothalamus
of water in kidney hormone
(c) Stimulates liver and muscles Insulin Beta cells of Islets of
for glycogenesis Langerhans of pancreas
(d) Development of immune Thymosin Thymus
system and maturation of
T-lymphocytes.

14 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 29. (1) 
Unisexuality, dichogamy, heteromorphy, herkogamy, prepotency, and self
incompatibility (self sterility) are the outbreeding devices.
(2) Unisexuality : The plants bear either male or female flowers. Due to unisexual
nature, self pollination is avoided. Plants are either dioecious e.g. Papaya or
monoecious e.g. maize.
(3) Dichogamy : Anthers and stigmas mature at different times in a bisexual flower
to prevent self pollination. It can be either Protandry (androecium matures earlier
than gynoecium) or Protogyny (gynoecium matures earlier than androecium).
(4) Heteromorphy : In same plants different types of flowers are produced. In these
flowers, stigmas and anthers are situated at different levels. There is heterostyly
and heteroanthy. This prevents self pollination e.g. Primrose.
(5) Herkogamy : In bisexual flowers we may come across mechanical device to
prevent self pollination. Natural physical barrier avoids contact of pollens with
stigma. E.g. Calotropis where pollinia are situated below the stigma.
(6) Prepotency : In prepotency pollens of other flower germinate rapidly rather than
from the same flower. E.g. Apples.
(7) Self sterility or Self incompatibility : It is a genetic mechanism in which pollen
germination is inhibited on the stigma of the same flower. E.g. Tobacco, Thea.
Q. 30. (1) S
 tatement of Law of dominance : When two homozygous individuals with one
or more sets of contrasting characters are crossed, the alleles that appear in F1 are
dominant and those which do not appear in F1 are recessive.
(2) Incomplete dominance :
v(i) Incomplete dominance is seen when the phenotypes of the two parents blend
together to create a new phenotype for their offspring.
i(ii) 
Both the genes of an allelomorphic pair express themselves partially in
F1 hybrids.
(iii) In incomplete dominance, a mixture of the alleles in the genotype is seen in
the phenotype.
(iv) The phenotypic effect of one allele is more prominent than the other.
i(v) Blending or intermixing of two alleles can be observed. A white flower and
a red flower alleles mix and produce pink flowers.
Example : Pink flowers in Mirabilis jalapa.
(3) Co-dominance :
v(i) Co-dominance is seen when the two parental phenotypes are expressed
together in the offspring.
i(ii) 
Both the genes of an allelomorphic pair express themselves equally in
F1 hybrids.
(iii) In co-dominance, both alleles in the genotype are seen in the phenotype.
(iv) The phenotypic effect of both the alleles is equally prominent.
i(v) No intermixing or blending effect of two alleles is observed. The colours
don’t mix but are seen in patches.
Example : Roan colour in cattle.
SOLUTION TO BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER – MARCH 2022 15
 (4) Cross showing complete dominance :
Phenotype : Tall  Dwarf
Genotype : TT tt
Gametes : T t

First filial Tt
generation (F1) : Tall
Selfing of F1 : Tall     Tall
Genotype :
Tt Tt
Gametes :
T t T t
Second filial generation (F2) :


T t

T TT Tt
t Tt tt

The cross shows 3 : 1 phenotypic ratio and 1 : 2 : 1 genotypic ratio.

Q. 31. Menstrual cycle :

1. Menstrual cycle involves a series of cyclic changes in the ovary and uterus which
are regulated by gonadotropins from pituitary and the hormones from ovary.
2. The cyclic events in woman are repeated within approximately 28 days which is
divided into following phases, viz.
(1) Menstrual phase (day 1 – 5)
(2) Follicular phase in ovary that coincides with proliferative phase in uterus /
post menstrual phase (day 5 – 14)
(3) Ovulatory phase (day 14 – 15)
(4) Luteal phase in ovary which coincides with secretory phase in uterus (day 16
to 28).
(1) Menstrual phase :
(i) Menstrual phase occurs in the absence of fertilization.
(ii) During menstruation, uterine endometrium is sloughed off due to reduced
levels of progesterone and estrogen. This results into release of prostaglandins
causing rupture.
(iii)  Blood about 45 – 100 ml, tissue fluid, mucus, endometrial lining and
unfertilized oocyte and other cellular debris is discharged through vagina as
a menstrual flow.
(iv) Pituitary starts secreting FSH, which further makes many primordial follicles
to develop into primary and few of them into secondary follicles.

16 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 (2) Proliferative phase/Follicular phase/Post menstrual phase :
(i) During this phase in the ovary the follicles develop while in uterus the
endometrium starts proliferating. 6 to 12 secondary follicles start developing
but usually only one of them becomes Graafian follicle due to action of FSH.
(ii) Developing secondary follicles secrete the hormone estrogen.
(iii) Estrogen brings about regeneration of endometrium. Further proliferation of
endometrium causes formation of endothelial cells, endometrial or uterine
glands and network of blood vessels.
(3) Ovulatory phase : Ovulation occurs in this phase. Mature graafian follicle
ruptures and secondary oocyte is released into the pelvic region of abdomen due
to surging quantity of LH from pituitary.
(4) Luteal phase/Secretory phase :
(i) Since the empty graafian follicle converts itself into corpus luteum under the
influence of LH, this phase is called luteal phase in ovary. At the same time,
the uterine endometrium thickens and becomes more secretory and hence it
is called secretory phase in uterus.
(ii) Corpus luteum secretes progesterone, some amount of estrogen and inhibin
which stimulate the growth of endometrial glands which later start uterine
secretions.
(iii) Endometrium becomes more vascularized and thick. These changes are the
preparation for the implantation of the ovum if fertilization occurs.
(iv) In absence of fertilization, corpus luteum can survive for only two weeks and
then degenerate into a non-secretory white scar called corpus albicans.
(v) If ovum is fertilized, woman becomes pregnant and hormone hCG (human
chorionic gonadotropin) is secreted by chorionic membrane of embryo which
keeps corpus luteum active till the formation of placenta.

————

SOLUTION TO BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER – MARCH 2022 17

 BIOLOGY

BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER : JULY 2022

Time : 3 Hours ] [ Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions :
The question paper is divided into four sections.
(1) Section A : Q. No. 1 contains ten multiple choice type of questions carrying one mark each.
(i) F
 or each multiple choice type of question, it is mandatory to write the correct answer along
with its alphabet, e.g. (a) ....../ (b) ....../ (c) ....../ (d) ...... etc. No mark/s shall be given
if ONLY the correct answer or alphabet of the correct answer is written.
(ii) I n case of MCQ, evaluation will be done for the first attempt only.
Q. No. 2 contains eight very short answer type of questions carrying one mark each.
(2) Section B : Q. No. 3 to 14 are short answer type of questions carrying two marks each.
(3) Section C : Q. No. 15 to 26 are short answer type of questions carrying three marks each.
(4) Section D : Q. No. 27 to 31 are long answer type of questions carrying four marks each.
(5) Begin the answer of each section on a new page.

SECTION – A
Q. 1. Select and write the correct answer for the following multiple choice type of
questions :[10]
(i) In lac operon the structural gene z codes for .......... enzyme.
(a) -galactosidase (b) -galactoside permease
(c) transacetylase (d) RNA polymerase (1)
(ii) The special hygroscopic tissue found in the aerial roots of some epiphytic
plants is ........... .
(a) velamen (b) epiblema
(c) endodermis (d) xylem (1)
(iii) Due to specific mating behaviour, the members of population do not mate
in ........... type of isolation.

(a) ecological (b) seasonal
(c) ethological (d) mechanical(1)
(iv) The sequence of nitrogenous bases on DNA molecule is ATCGA. Which
of the following is the correct complementary sequence of nitrogenous
bases on mRNA molecule ?
(a) TAGCT (b) TAGCA
(c) UAGCU (d) UACGU (1)

18 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 (v) The oral vaccine for prevention of typhoid recommended by WHO is ........... .
(a) typhoid polysaccharide (b) typhin V
(c) typherix (d) Ty21a (1)
(vi) The large holes in Swiss cheese are developed due to the production of
large amounts of ........... .
(a) O2  (b) CO2  (c) N2   (d) H2(1)
(vii) Miyawaki is a method of plantation adapted by the government for the
project mission Harit Kranti from the country

(a) Japan (b) Bhutan
(c) China (d) America(1)
(viii) In ecological succession, the ........... community does not evolve further.
(a) seral (b) pioneer
(c) intermediate (d) climax (1)
(ix) Which of the following sets or organisms are used as cloning organisms in
plant biotechnology ?
(a) E.coli and Rhizobium

(b) E.coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(c) Azobacterium and Rhizobium
(d) E.coli and Azobacterium(1)
(x) Aspergillus niger is the microbial source of ........... .
(a) Vitamin C (b) Vitamin B2
(c) Vitamin B12 (d) Vitamin B6(1)

Q. 2. Answer the following questions : [8]

(i) Write the name of the small molecule required to initiate/start the process
of synthesis of new complementary strand during replication of DNA. (1)
(ii) Name the country where industrial melanism was observed in moths due
to industrialization. (1)
(iii) Give the other name for epidermal cells in roots of plants. (1)
(iv) Name the hormone used for early rooting in propagation by cutting. (1)
(v) In human pharynx, there is a set of lymphoid organs called ........... . (1)
(vi) State the other name of Dentist’s nerve. (1)
(vii) Name the type of Mycorrhiza that grows in between and within the cortical
cells of root. (1)
BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER : JULY 2022 19
 (viii) Identify the part of labelled ‘A’ in the given diagram :  (1)

SECTION – B
Attempt any EIGHT of the following questions : [16]
Q. 3. Sketch and label the diagram of ovule most commonly seen in angiosperms. (2)
Q. 4. Explain Law of dominance with suitable example.(2)
Q. 5. A woman is unable to conceive due to blockage in her upper segment of oviduct.
State the infertility treatment to be given to her and describe it.(2)
Q. 6. Identify the types of chromosomal aberrations in the following figure A, B, C, D :

 (2)

Q. 7. The process of transcription takes place on a part of DNA molecule known as tran-
scription unit. Draw a well labelled diagram of the same showing different regions
of the unit. (2)
Q. 8. Identify labels A. B, C, D :

 (2)

20 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 9. Match the pairs and rewrite.

Column I Column II
(a) Connecting link between ape and man (1) Homo erectus
(b) Ape man (2) Homo habilis
(c) Handy man like (3) Neanderthal man
(d) Advanced prehistoric man (4) Australopithecus (2)
Q. 10. Define polyembryony. State its different types. (2)
Q. 11. Which are the major abiotic factors that influence habitat ? (2)
Q. 12. Identify A and B in the given diagram and explain T wave.

(2)

Q. 13. Water acts as a thermal buffer. Justify the statement. (2)

Q. 14. The following diagram indicates which type of interaction ? Write a note on the
same.

(2)
SECTION – C
Attempt any EIGHT of the following questions : [24]
Q. 15. 
Suresh is doing his studies on a plant related to absorption of water. He found different
forms of water available in the soil.
ii(i) Name them.
i(ii) Which form of water is absorbed by the plants?
(iii) Name the region in the soil from where roots absorb water. (3)
BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER : JULY 2022 21
Q. 16. Name the stress hormone in plants. Describe its physiological effects.(3)
Q. 17. (a) Sketch and label the diagram of brain to show ventricles in coranal plane.
(b) Name the cavity which is continuation of IV ventricle. (3)
Q. 18. Complete the following chart and rewrite.

Blood Genotype Antigen on the surface Antibody in

group of RBC serum

A IAIA or IAIO ........................................ ............................

................ IBIB or IBIO B a

AB .................. A and B (Nil)

................ I0I0 (Nil) ............................

(3)
Q. 19. 
Explain the various steps of biogas production. (3)
Q. 20. How ‘melt in mouth’ vaccines are administered ? Mention any two benefits of
the same. (3)
Q. 21. Enumerate or enlist the various levels of biodiversity. Explain any one of it. (3)
Q. 22. Write down various sequential stages of hydrarch succession in plants after
phytoplankton stage.(3)

Q. 23. 
With the help of suitable example, write the mechanism of hormone action
through membrane receptors. (3)

Q. 24. Classify the given proteins produced by rDNA technology to treat various diseases
in human and rewrite as shown in the table :

Disorders/Diseases/Heath Condition Recombinant Protein(s)

Atherosclerosis Platelet derived growth factor
Anaemia ..................................................
Parturition ..................................................
Blood clots ..................................................
Diabetes ..................................................
Haemophilia A ..................................................
Haemophilia B ..................................................
(Factor VIII, Insulin, Relaxin, Factor IX, Erythropoietin, Tissue Plasminogen
Activator) (3)
Q. 25. Write a note on transport of carbon dioxide by bicarbonate ions at tissue level. (3)
Q. 26. Anita observed apical dominance in her plant. Name and describe the plant
hormone that will reverse the effect. (3)

22 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 SECTION – D
Attempt any THREE of the following questions : [12]
Q. 27. (a) Kabban Park in Bengaluru is having dull flowers with strong fragrance,
abundant nectar and edible pollen grains. Identify the type of pollination, the
flowers are adapted for.
(b) The process of fruit formation without fertilization is termed as ............ .
(c) Difference between albuminous and exalbuminous seeds.(4)
Q. 28. Give reasons :
(a) Though fertilization takes place in the ampulla of fallopian tube, implantation
of embryo takes place after reaching the uterus only.
(b) Corpus luteum persists in the ovary after fertilization.
(c) Explain the role of oxytocin hormone and describe the dilation stage of
parturition.(4)
Q. 29. Give the graphic representation of back cross and test cross. Differentiate between
them. (4)
Q. 30. (a) Name the nerve fibres internally connecting the cerebral hemispheres.
(b) Name the sulci which divide each cerebral hemisphere into 4 lobes.
(c) Describe the various functional areas found in the different lobes of cerebral
hemispheres. (4)
Q. 31. (a) Describe the structure of lymphocytes and mention its types.
(b) 
Name the disorder caused due to abnormal and uncontrolled increase in
number of WBCs.
(c) State the functions of neutrophils. (4)
________

BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER : JULY 2022 23

 SOLUTION : BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER : JULY 2022

SECTION – A
Q. 1. (i) (a) β-galactosidase
(ii) (a) velamen
(iii) (c) ethological
(iv) (c) UAGCU
(v) (d) Ty21a
(vi) (b) CO2
(vii) (a) Japan
(viii) (d) climax
(ix) (b) E.coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(x) (a) Vitamin C

Q. 2. (i) RNA primer

(ii) Great Britain (England)
(iii) Epiblema
(iv) Auxin
(v) Tonsils
(vi) Trigeminal
(vii) Endomycorrhiza
(viii) Linker DNA
SECTION – B
Q. 3. Anatropous ovule :

Fig. V. S. of an anatropous ovule

24 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 4. Law of dominance : When the two homozygous individuals with one or more sets
of contrasting characters are crossed, the alleles that appear in F1 are dominant and
those which do not appear are recessive.
Cross showing complete dominance :
Phenotype : Tall  Dwarf
Genotype : TT tt
Gametes : T t

First filial Tt
generation (F1) : Tall
Selfing of F1 : Tall  Tall
Genotype : Tt Tt
Gametes : T t T t

Second filial generation (F2) :

Male
gametes
T t
Female 
gametes
T TT Tt

t Tt tt

The cross shows 3 : 1 phenotypic ratio and 1 : 2 : 1 genotypic ratio.

Q. 5. (1) If the woman is unable to conceive due to blockage in oviduct, she has to undergo
the treatment of GIFT (Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer).
(2) In GIFT, the oocyte is collected from donor and transferred into the fallopian tube
of another female. This female provides suitable environment for further
development.
(3) When the entrance or upper segments of the fallopian tubes is blocked, this
technique is used.
(4) Oocytes and sperms are directly injected into regions of the fallopian tubes. Here
fertilization takes place forming a blastocyst. It later enters the uterus for
implantation.
Q. 6. A : Deletion, B : Duplication, C : Inversion, D : Translocation.
Q. 7.

Fig. Transcription unit

Q. 8. A : Primary oocyte B : Secondary oocyte
C : Ovum D : II Secondary polar bodies.

SOLUTION TO BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER – JULY 2022 25

Q. 9. Column I Column II
(a) Connecting link between ape and man (4) Australopithecus
(b) Ape man (1) Homo erectus
(c) Handy man (2) Homo habilis
(d) Advanced pre-historic man (3) Neanderthal man
Q. 10. (1) Polyembryony : The condition in which there is development of more than one
embryo inside the seed is called polyembryony.
(2) Types of polyembryony are adventive true polyembryony and adventive false
polyembryony.
Q. 11. (1) Temperature, water, light and soil are the major abiotic factors that influence the
habitat.
(2) Temperature : It is ecologically relevant factor which limits the distribution of
the organisms. Temperature affects the enzyme kinetics and entire metabolism of
organisms.
(3) Water : Production and distribution of plants is dependent on the water. Chemical
composition and pH of water are important factors for aquatic organisms.
(4) Light : Plants depend on light for photosynthesis. Light is the source of energy
for all living organisms.
(5) Soil : Characteristics of soil determine the vegetation of the area. Types of animals
too depend upon the vegetation.
Q. 12. (1) A P wave.
(2) B  RR interval.
(3) T wave  T wave is caused due to ventricular repolarization. During this phase
ventricles show relaxation.
Q. 13. (1) Water has high specific heat.
(2) It also has high heat of vaporization.
(3) Water also have high heat of fusion.
Therefore, it can act as a thermal buffer.
Q. 14. (1) The interaction shown in the diagram is of mutualism in lichen.
(2) Mutualism is an obligatory and interdependent interaction. It is an association of
two species in which both of them are benefited.
(3) The classic example of mutualism is lichens. Lichen is an intimate, mutualistic
relationship between a fungus and photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria.
(4) Most of the plant and animal interactions are of mutualistic type.
(5) For pollination and seed dispersal, plants depend on the animals.
(6) Animals in turn feed on pollen and nectar during pollination. During seed dispersal
juicy and nutritious fruits are used by the animals.
(7) In animal-animal interactions also mutualism is seen in many instances.

26 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 SECTION – C
Q. 15. (1) Gravitational water, Hygroscopic water, Combined water, Capillary water are the
different forms of water available in the soil.
(2) Form of water absorbed by the plants is capillary water.
(3) Region in the soil from where roots absorb water is rhizosphere.
Q. 16. (a) The name of the hormone is abscissic acid.
(b) Role of abscissic acid (ABA) in plants :
(1) Abscissic acid influences abscission and dormancy.
(2) ABA accelerates senescene of leaves, flowers and fruits.
(3) It is a stress hormone as it is produced during drought and other unfavourable
climate conditions.
(4) ABA induces dormancy in seeds, buds and tubers.
(5) It acts as growth inhibitor as it retards growth.
(6) ABA plays an important role in closing of stomata to check transpiration.
(7) It inhibits and delays cell division and suppresses cambium.
(8) ABA inhibits flowering in LDP and stimulates flowering in short day plants
(SDP).
Q. 17. (a)


Fig. Ventricles of brain

(b) Cavity in continuation of IV ventricle is cental canal.

Blood Antigen on
Q. 18. S. No. Genotype Antibody in serum
group surface of RBC
1. A IAIA or IAIO A Antibody b

2. B IBIB or IBIO B a
3. AB IA IB A and B (Nil)
4. O IO IO (Nil) Both antibodies a and b
Q. 19. Biogas production process :
(a) A typical biogas plant consists of digester (made up of concrete bricks and cement
or steel and is partly buried in the soil) and gas holder (a cylindrical gas tank to
collect gases).
(b) Raw materials like cow dung is mixed with water in equal proportion to make
slurry which is fed into the digester through a side opening (charge pit).

SOLUTION TO BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER – JULY 2022 27

 (c) Anaerobic digestion involves following processes :
i. Hydrolysis or solubilization : Anaerobic hydrolyzing bacteria like Clostridium
and Pseudomonas hydrolyse carbohydrates into simple sugars, proteins into
amino acids and lipids into fatty acids.
ii. Acidogenesis : Facultative and obligate anaerobic, acidogenic bacteria convert
simple organic substances into acids like formic acid, acetic acid, H2 and CO2.
iii. Methanogenesis
: Anaerobic methanogenic bacteria like Methanobacterium,
Methanococcus convert acetate, H2 and CO2 into Methane, CO2 and H2O and
other products.
12 mol CH3COOH 12CH4 + 12CO2
4 mol H.COOH CH4 + 3CO2 + 2H2O
CO2 + 4H2 CH4 + 2H2O
Q. 20. (a) ‘Melt in the mouth’ vaccine can be administered by placing it under tongue which
dissolves in mouth and enters the blood stream.
(b) Advantages of such oral vaccines are that they can be easily administered, can be
easily stored and they are of low cost.
Q. 21. (a) Different levels of biodiversity are (i) Genetic diversity (ii) Species diversity
(iii) Ecosystem or ecological diversity.
(b) Genetic diversity :

(1) Genetic diversity is the intraspecific diversity in the number and types of
genes and chromosomes present in different species.
(2) I t also includes variation in the genes and their alleles in the same species.
Variation within a population and diversity between populations that are
associated with adaptation to local conditions.
(3) Genetic diversity or variability is essential for a healthy breeding population
of a species.
(4) Genetic variations are changes in the allelic genes which lead to individual
differences within species.
(5) Such variations help in the evolution. The chances of continuation of species
in the changing environmental conditions are caused due to such variation and
it allows the best organisms to get adapted to survive. Races and subspecies
are formed due to genetic diversity.
Q. 22. (1) 
In aquatic habitats, the pioneer species in primary succession are the small
phytoplankton.
(2) Phytoplankton are replaced by rooted-submerged plants (e.g. Hydrilla), rooted-
floating angiosperms (e.g. Lotus) followed by free-floating plants (e.g. Pistia),
then reed swamp (e.g. Typha), marsh-meadow (e.g. Cyperus), scrub (e.g. Alnus)
and finally the trees (e.g. Quercus) in a very systematic and gradual way.
(3) The climax again would be a forest. With passage of time, the water body is
converted into land.
28 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII
Q. 23.

(1) Lipid soluble hormones cannot enter their target cells through plasma membrane.
(2) They bind to specific receptor molecules and cause hormone receptor complex.
(3) This releases an enzyme adenylate cyclase from the receptor site. This enzyme
forms cyclic AMP from ATP present in the cell.
(4) cAMP activates the enzymatic actions.
(5) Hormone then becomes first messenger and cAMP becomes second messenger.
(6) Ca++. cGMP and IP3 also act as second messengers.

Q. 24. Human proteins produced by rDNA :

Disorders/Diseases/Heath Condition Recombinant Protein(s)
Atherosclerosis Platelet derived growth factor
Anaemia Erythropoietin
Parturition Relaxin
Blood clots Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)
Diabetes Insulin
Haemophilia A Factor VIII
Haemophilia B Factor IX

Q. 25. Transport of CO2 : Carbon dioxide is transported by plasma and RBCs in three

different forms.
(i) By plasma in solution form (7%) : About 7% of CO2 is transported in a dissolved
form as carbonic acid (which can be broken down into CO2 and H2O).
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3.
(ii) Since CO2 is readily soluble in water, it is transported by RBCs and plasma in
three forms as follows :
(a) 7% of CO2 is transported in the form of carbonic acid by plasma.
(b) 70% of CO2 is transported from tissues to lungs in the form of sodium
bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate. RBCs contain an enzyme carbonic

SOLUTION TO BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER – JULY 2022 29

 anhydrase. In the presence of this enzyme, CO2 combines with water to form
carbonic acid. Carbonic anhydrase also brings about dissociation of carbonic
acid immediately tending to large accumulation of HCO
3 ions inside RBCs.
The bicarbonate ions moves out of RBCs and this would bring about
imbalance of the charge inside the RBCs. Movement of chloride ions to
maintain the ionic balance between the RBCs and the plasma is called
chloride shift or Hamburger’s phenomena.
(iii) Remaining 23% of CO2 is carried in the form of carbaminohaemoglobin. Carbon
dioxide binds with the amino group of the haemoglobin and form a loosely bound
compound carbaminohaemoglobin.
Q. 26. (A) Name of the hormone that reverses the effect of apical dominance is cytokinin.

(B) Physiological effects of cytokinin :

(1) Cytokinins are growth promoting hormone that promotes cell division. Kinetin,
zeatin are examples of cytokinin.
(2) They promote cell division as well as cell enlargement.
(3) High cytokinin promotes shoot development.
(4) 
Growth of lateral buds is promoted by cytokinins. Thus it controls apical dominance.
(5) 
Process of ageing and senescence, abscission of plant organs is delayed by
application of cytokinin.
(6) It promotes formation of interfascicular cambium.
(7) It has a role in breaking seed dormancy and promotes seed germination.
(8) Cytokinins induce RNA synthesis.
(9) Cytokinin and auxin ratio and their interactions control morphogenesis and cell
differentiation.

SECTION – D
Q. 27. (a) The type of pollination is Chiropterophily, i.e. bats performing the function of
pollination.
(b) Parthenocarpy.

(c) Albuminous seed Exalbuminous seed

(1) 
For the development of embryo, (1) During development of the embryo,
food reserves in endosperm are food reserves are completely used
partially used up. up.
(2) Endosperm remains conspicuous in (2) Endosperms completely disappears
the seed. or disorganizes in mature seed.
(3) Examples : Castor, coconut and (3) Examples : Pea, bean, etc.
maize.

30 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 28. (a) The embryo is surrounded by zona pellucida layer. Due to this the phagocytic
trophoblast cells are not exposed. When embryo descends into uterus, zona
pellucida is discarded exposing synctiotrophoblast layer and then the implantation
takes place in uterus. Thus, in fallopian tube, the implantation is prevented.
(b) hCG hormone is secreted after fertilization of the ovum. This hormone extends
the life of corpus luteum and stimulates its secretory function.
(c) Oxytocin brings about contractions of myometrium during parturition. This helps
to expel foetus out.
Role of oxytocin during dilation stage :
(i) Dilation stage means dilating the birth canal or passage through which baby is
pushed out.
In the beginning uterine contractions start from top and baby is moved to cervix
due to action of oxytocin. Due to compression of blood vessels and movements
of flexible joints in pelvic girdle, mother experiences labour pains, which is
under effect of oxytocin.
(ii) Oxytocin is given in more amount later causing severe uterine contractions. This
pushes baby in a head down position and closer to cervix.
(iii) Cervix and vagina both are dilated.
(iv) This stage lasts for about 12 hours.
(v) At the end, amniotic sac ruptures and amniotic fluid is passed out.
All the above actions are under influence of oxytocin.
Q. 29. (1) Back cross : Back cross is the cross with any one of the parents, either dominant
or recessive.
(2) Cross between F1 hybrid and dominant parent
R R
R RR RR
r Rr Rr

Cross between F1 hybrid and recessive parent

r r
R Rr Rr
r rr rr

(3) Test cross : Cross of F1 hybrid with homozygous recessive parent.

r r
R Rr Rr
r rr rr

SOLUTION TO BOARD’S QUESTION PAPER – JULY 2022 31

 (4) Difference between test cross and back cross :

Test cross Back cross

(a) 
Test cross is the cross between (a) Back cross is the cross with any
F1 hybrid and its homozygous one of the parents, either dominant
recessive parent. or recessive.
(b) Test cross can be a back cross. (b) Back cross cannot be a test cross.
(c) 
Test cross is used to understand (c) Back cross is done at the time of
whether the individual is selfing.
homozygous or heterozygous.

Q. 30. (a) The nerve fibres connecting cerebral hemispheres are corpus callosum.
(b) Names of the sulci are central sulcus, parieto-occipital sulcus and sylvian or lateral
sulcus.
(c) Four different functional areas are frontal lobes, parietal lobes, temporal lobes
and occipital lobes.

Q. 31. (a) Lymphocytes have agranular cytoplasm and large round nucleus. The two types of
lymphocytes are T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes. These are circular cells.

(b) Disorders caused due to abnormal and uncontrolled increase in number of WBCs is

leukaemia.

(c) Functions of neutrophils is destroying pathogens by phagocytosis.

————

32 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII