J&H Booklet

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Name:____________________
Teacher:___________________
Anything written in a box

with a border like this
one is a task to complete.
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The Features of Gothic Literature
Gothic Feature Definition Example

The environment is closely
linked human emotions:
Pathetic Fallacy storms are angry, fog hides
secrets, etc...
Any building which is ruined by
Ruined or grotesque time, damage, lack of care.
Ugly buildings full of dark
buildings corners, gargoyles or
mysterious rooms and spaces.
Religious ideas might include

Religious Ideas heaven/hell, good/evil, etc.
Characters wallowing in their

Sensibility own feelings.
(the cult of emotion) Exaggerated or heightened
emotional states or characters.
Excess and Extreme greed or wealth, over

the top behaviour or showing
Extremity off.
The Vampires, monsters, ghosts,

ghouls, hauntings,
Supernatural werewolves, etc…
Imagery Things rotting and breaking

down. This might be people,
of decay places or objects.
Horror Scary bits – for characters and

and terror readers.
Characters living alone,

Isolation and stranded or separated from
loneliness their normal lives.
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Characters unsure if what they
Blurring of are seeing is real or imagined.
Characters who might be going
sanity/insanity mad.
Does the audience even know?
Sex and Does this one need explaining?

Sexuality Lust, desire, sex, etc!
More than one narrative voice.

Multiple The action might switch from
character to character, or from
Narrators form to form (ie diary entry to
narration).
Crime, lawlessness Murder, theft, cruelty, law-

breaking and general bad
and abuse behaviour.
A character controlling other

Absolute power people or places, in total
control.
Remember what absolute
power does to people?
Satanic: to do with the devil
The Satanic/ and hell.
Arcane Arcane: secret, mysterious,
understood by few people.
Identify examples of the Gothic in this extract from Frankenstein by

Mary Shelley, highlight them, then copy them into the boxes above.
It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. With an
anxiety that almost amounted to agony, I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might
infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet. It was already one in the morning;
the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the
glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed
hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs.
How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such
infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had
selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work
of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly
whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that
seemed almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled
complexion and straight black lips.
The different accidents of life are not so changeable as the feelings of human nature. I had worked
hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body. For this I
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had deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded
moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror
and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of
the room and continued a long time traversing my bed-chamber, unable to compose my mind to
sleep. At length lassitude succeeded to the tumult I had before endured, and I threw myself on the
bed in my clothes, endeavouring to seek a few moments of forgetfulness. But it was in vain; I slept,
indeed, but I was disturbed by the wildest dreams. I thought I saw Elizabeth, in the bloom of
health, walking in the streets of Ingolstadt. Delighted and surprised, I embraced her, but as I
imprinted the first kiss on her lips, they became livid with the hue of death; her features appeared
to change, and I thought that I held the corpse of my dead mother in my arms; a shroud
enveloped her form, and I saw the grave-worms crawling in the folds of the flannel. I started from
my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb
became convulsed; when, by the dim and yellow light of the moon, as it forced its way through the
window shutters, I beheld the wretch—the miserable monster whom I had created. He held up the
curtain of the bed; and his eyes, if eyes they may be called, were fixed on me. His jaws opened,
and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks. He might have
spoken, but I did not hear; one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped and
rushed downstairs. I took refuge in the courtyard belonging to the house which I inhabited, where
I remained during the rest of the night, walking up and down in the greatest agitation, listening
attentively, catching and fearing each sound as if it were to announce the approach of the
demoniacal corpse to which I had so miserably given life.
Oh! No mortal could support the horror of that countenance. A mummy again endued with
animation could not be so hideous as that wretch. I had gazed on him while unfinished; he was
ugly then, but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing
such as even Dante could not have conceived.
I passed the night wretchedly. Sometimes my pulse beat so quickly and hardly that I felt the
palpitation of every artery; at others, I nearly sank to the ground through languor and extreme
weakness. Mingled with this horror, I felt the bitterness of disappointment; dreams that had been
my food and pleasant rest for so long a space were now become a hell to me; and the change was
so rapid, the overthrow so complete!
Morning, dismal and wet, at length dawned and discovered to my sleepless and aching eyes the
church of Ingolstadt, its white steeple and clock, which indicated the sixth hour. The porter
opened the gates of the court, which had that night been my asylum, and I issued into the streets,
pacing them with quick steps, as if I sought to avoid the wretch whom I feared every turning of the
street would present to my view. I did not dare return to the apartment which I inhabited, but felt
impelled to hurry on, although drenched by the rain which poured from a black and comfortless
sky.
I continued walking in this manner for some time, endeavouring by bodily exercise to ease the
load that weighed upon my mind. I traversed the streets without any clear conception of where I
was or what I was doing. My heart palpitated in the sickness of fear, and I hurried on with irregular
steps, not daring to look about me.
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Relevant Vocabulary
Aberration Abhorrent Allegory
(noun) (adjective) (noun)
An unwelcome and unexpected Horrifyingly bad. A story which can be seen to have
change from what is normal. a hidden meaning (which is often
about society)
Allusion Anxiety Atavism

(noun) (noun) (noun)
A hint at a bigger or hidden A feeling of worry, nervousness or A change back to the way your
meaning. unease. ancestors used to be.
(ie, becoming like a caveman)
Consciousness Debased Degenerate

Being awake and aware of one’s Reduced in quality or value. An immoral or corrupt person.
surroundings or your perception (verb)
of something. Deteriorate mentally or
physically.
Depraved Duality Ethics

(adjective) (noun) (noun)
Morally corrupt. Wicked. An example of a contrast between Moral rules which affect a
aspects of something (ie, man is person’s behaviour.
both good and evil)
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Eugenics Feral Metamorphosis
The science of improving a Totally wild, like an animal. A change from one living state to
population by controlled another.
breeding.
Perversion Professional Respectability

(noun) (noun) (noun)
The corruption or ruin of A person doing a job which Being accepted and valued within
something’s original state. requires a qualification. your field
(ie, doctors being respected).
Restraint Savage Subconscious

Self control. Fierce, violent, uncontrolled. The part of the mind you’re
unaware of, but which influences
your actions).
Supernatural Unorthodox Victorian

(noun) (adjective) (adjective)
Something outside the laws of Goes against what is normal or Something which happened while
nature – like ghosts, vampires, expected. Queen Victoria ruled.
etc.
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 Write the 200 word story of a terrible crime (it doesn’t have to be Victorian).
 Use as many of these new words as possible.
 Highlight them once you have done.
 Communicate clearly, effectively and imaginatively
 Accurate SPaG
TEN VOCABULARY QUESTIONS

Which adjective means ‘horrifyingly bad’? Which adjective means ‘morally corrupt or
1. Feral. wicked’?
2. Abhorrent. 1. Feral.
3. Savage. 2. Abhorrent.
4. Depraved. 3. Unorthodox.
4. Depraved.
Which noun is the part of the mind you’re Which adjective describes something which
unaware of, but which influences your actions? goes against what is normal or expected?
1. Subconscious. 1. Depraved.
2. Supernatural. 2. Unorthodox.
3. Consciousness. 3. Abhorrent.
4. Ethics. 4. Savage.
Which noun is a change back to the way your Which adjective describes something which is
ancestors used to be (ie, becoming like a wild and animalistic?
caveman)? 1. Unorthodox.
1. Duality. 2. Feral.
2. Repression. 3. Abhorrent.
3. Aberration. 4. Savage.
4. Atavism.
Which adjective means ‘fierce, violent, What name is given to two opposites which
uncontrolled’? cannot exist without each other?
1. Depraved. 1. Duality.
2. Feral. 2. Aberration.
3. Abhorrent. 3. Atavism.
4. Savage. 4. Repression.
A metamorphosis is… An aberration is…

1. A change from one state to another. 1. An unwelcome and unexpected change.
2. A moral rule that affects behaviour. 2. A story with a hidden meaning.
3. A hint at a hidden meaning. 3. A hint at a hidden meaning.
4. An unwelcome and unexpected change. 4. A moral rule that affects behaviour.
Chapter One: The Story of the Door
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Passing a strange-looking door whilst out for a walk, Enfield tells Utterson about incident involving a man (Hyde)
trampling on a young girl. The man paid the girl compensation. Enfield says the man had a key to the door (which
leads to Dr Jekyll’s laboratory).
Chapter Two: Search for Hyde

Utterson looks at Dr Jekyll’s will and discovers that he has left his possessions to Mr Hyde in the event of his
disappearance. Utterson watches the door and sees Hyde unlock it, then goes to warn Jekyll. Jekyll isn’t in, but
Poole tells him that the servants have been told to obey Hyde.
Chapter Three: Dr Jekyll was Quite at Ease

Two weeks later, Utterson goes to a dinner party at Jekyll’s house and tells him about his concerns. Jekyll laughs
off his worries.
Chapter Four: The Carew Murder Case

Nearly a year later, an elderly gentleman is murdered in the street by Hyde. A letter to Utterson is found on the
body. Utterson recognises the murder weapon has a broken walking cane of Jekyll’s. He takes the police to
Jekyll’s house to find Hyde, but are told he hasn’t been there for two months. They find the other half of the cane
and signs of a quick exit.
Chapter Five: Incident of the Letter

Utterson goes to Jekyll’s house and finds him ‘looking deadly sick’. He asks about Hyde but Jekyll shows him a
letter that says he won’t be back. Utterson believes the letter has been forged by Jekyll to cover for Hyde.
Chapter Six: Remarkable Incident of Dr Lanyon

Hyde has disappeared and Jekyll seems more happy and sociable until a sudden depression strikes him. Utterson
visits Dr Lanyon on his death-bed, who hints that Jekyll is the cause of his illness. Utterson writes to Jekyll and
receives a reply that suggests he is has fallen ‘under a dark influence’. Lanyon dies and leaves a note for Utterson
to open after the death or disappearance of Jekyll. Utterson tries to revisit Jekyll but is told by Poole that he is
living in isolation.
Chapter Seven: Incident at the Window

Utterson and Enfield are out for walk and pass Jekyll’s window, where they see him confined like a prisoner.
Utterson calls out and Jekyll’s face has a look of ‘abject terror and despair’. Shocked, Utterson and Enfield leave.
Chapter Eight: The Last Night

Poole visits Utterson and asks him to come to Jekyll’s house. The door to the laboratory is locked and the voice
inside sounds like Hyde. Poole says that the voice has been asking for days for a chemical to be brought, but has
rejected it each time as it is not pure. They break down the door and find a twitching body with a vial in its hands.
There is also a will which leaves everything to Utterson and a package containing Jekyll’s confession and a letter
asking Utterson to read Lanyon’s letter.
Chapter Nine: Dr Lanyon’s Narrative

The contents of Lanyon’s letter tells of how he received a letter from Jekyll asking him to collect chemicals, a vial
and notebook from Jekyll’s laboratory and give it to a man who would call at midnight. A grotesque man arrives
and drinks the potion which transforms him into Jekyll, causing Lanyon to fall ill.
Chapter Ten: Henry Jekyll’s Full Statement of the Case

Jekyll tells the story of how he turned into Hyde. It began as a scientific investigation into the duality of human
nature and an attempt to destroy his ‘darker self’. Eventually he became addicted to being Hyde, who
increasingly took over and destroyed him.
The Life of Robert Louis Stevenson

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Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Edinburgh of Friday 13 th December 1850. His father was an
engineer and lighthouse builder. His mother was the daughter of a Scottish clergyman. RLS was largely
raised by his nanny, Alison Cunningham; she was a strictly religious woman and a fan of folk-tales and
storytelling – she is thought to have been a major source of inspiration to RLS.
In his early life, RLS was often confined to his bed with illness where he suffered terrible nightmares
and insomnia. Perhaps this was in part to his religious upbringing – he often dreamed of heaven and
hell. He suffered a thyroid complaint too, and this affected his growth – his bones were distended and
elongated.
He was an intelligent man who studied law at Edinburgh University, although he chose to become a
writer rather than a lawyer. His first books were collections of travel writing, and it was whilst
travelling in France that he met Fanny Osbourne – the woman who would become his wife. They
married in America, but lived in England.
RLS suffered ill health throughout his life, so the fresh sea air of Bournemouth was supposedly good
for him, and it was here that he wrote his most famous works: Treasure Island, The Strange Case of Dr
Jekyll and Mr Hide, and Kidnapped.
When RLS’s father died in 1887, he inherited enough money to go and live abroad – in search of a
climate which would not aggravate his chronic respiratory problems. They eventually settled in Samoa,
where he continued to write until his death in 1894. He was killed by a brain haemorrhage.
Glossary
Clergyman: a man who works for the church.
Insomnia:
Thyroid complaint: these often affect the speed at which people grow.
Distended: swollen and bloated.
Elongated:
Chronic:
Respiratory problems: conditions which affect your breathing.
1) Which three facts about RLS’s early life most influenced Jekyll and Hyde?
2) Which of these do you think was most important and why? You must use the word ‘because’ in
your answer.
Utterson and Enfield are out for a walk when they pass a strange-looking door (the entrance to Dr
Jekyll’s laboratory). Enfield tells a story involving the door: in the early hours of one winter morning, he
says, he saw a man trampling on a young girl. He pursued the man and brought him back to the scene
of the crime. The reader later learns that this man is Mr Hyde.
A crowd gathered and, to avoid a scene, the man offered to pay the girl compensation. This was
accepted, and he opened the door with a key, soon emerging with money and a large cheque.
Utterson is very interested in the case and asks whether Enfield is certain Hyde used a key to open the
door. Enfield is sure he did.
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Chapter One: Consolidation
Summary: fill in the gaps!
Mr Utterson is a dull but ‘loveable’ lawyer who people get help from when they are in __________
He is friends with a cousin, Enfield, and goes on regular walks with him on Sundays. One Sunday,
they pass a dirty __________ in a poor area. Enfield tells Utterson a story about the door and the
man who lives behind it. He says he saw a small, revolting man __________ a small __________ of
eight at 3am in the morning. A crowd, led by Enfield, confronted the man and forced him to pay
__________ in compensation. The man gave them a cheque which we learn at the very end of the
chapter was signed by __________ __________ a very __________ person: no one believed that
the cheque was __________ but later found out it was. Utterson is worried that Jekyll is being
__________ by Mr Hyde.
Comprehension: answer in full sentences in your book.
 What type of person is Mr Utterson?

Mr Utterson is a lawyer who lives a quiet, serious life. He defends people who are down on
their luck and is a good influence on them.
 Why do Enfield and Utterson go for a walk together every Sunday?
 What was of interest about the door that Enfield tells the story about?
 What did the door look like?
 Why and how did the crowd manage to get Hyde to write the girl’s family a cheque? What
was odd about the cheque?
 What is strange about Mr Hyde, according to Enfield?
In this extract, Enfield recalls how Mr Hyde trampled over a young girl...
All at once, I saw two figures: one a little man who was stumping
along eastward at a good walk, and the other a girl of maybe eight or
ten who was running as hard as she was able down a cross street.
Well, sir, the two ran into one another naturally enough at the corner;
and then came the horrible part of the thing; for the man trampled
calmly over the, child’s body and left her screaming on the ground. It
sounds nothing to hear, but it was hellish to see. It wasn’t like a man;
it was like some damned Juggernaut.
I gave a view-halloa, took to my heels, collared my gentleman, and

brought him back to where there was already quite a group about the
screaming child. He was perfectly cool and made no resistance, but
gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like
running. The people who had turned out were the girl’s own family;
and pretty soon, the doctor, for whom she had been sent, put in his
appearance. Well, the child was not much the worse, more
frightened, according to the Sawbones; and there you might have
supposed would be an end to it. But there was one curious
circumstance. I had taken a loathing to my gentleman at first sight.
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“He is not easy to describe. There is something wrong with his
appearance; something displeasing, something downright detestable.
I never saw a man I so disliked, and yet I scarce know why. He must be
deformed somewhere; he gives a strong feeling of deformity,
although I couldn’t specify the point. He’s an extraordinary-looking
man, and yet I really can name nothing out of the way. No, sir; I can
make no hand of it; I can’t describe him. And it’s not want of memory;
for I declare I can see him this moment.”
How is Hyde presented in this extract?

Key Quotation Key Quotation
Killer Quotation
Answer in your book

How is Hyde presented in this extract?
Stretch yourself by including sophisticated vocabulary:
aberration, degenerate, depraved, savage
How does the writer achieve it? Why is it effective?
 Identify a technique or interesting use of  Link to the actual words used
language  What does it make you feel/do?
 Use a quote  What are the connotations?
 Does it have an emotional impact?
Model
How does the  Identify a technique/ Stevenson describes Hyde trampling “calmly
writer achieve it? interesting use of language over the child’s body.”
 Use a quote
What is the  Link to purpose and This seems to be a contradiction: trampling is
writer’s intention? audience an angry, out-of-control action and it should
 Writer’s message not be possible to do it calmly. Perhaps
 Writers’ attitude Stevenson is hinting that Hyde has a
contradictory nature early on, foreshadowing
the events to come.
Why is it  Link to the actual words
effective? used It’s a very emotive thing to happen. A young
 What does it make you child is usually seen as totally innocent, so
feel/do? trampling her and leaving her “screaming” is
 What are the connotations? especially shocking. From the start, the
 Does it have an emotional audience is positioned against Hyde and given
impact? a strong indication of his brutal nature.
1. Read the sample paragraph provided.

2. Tick the bullet-points which have been achieved and draw arrows to where this happened (using
different colours will make it easier to spot).
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3. Go back to the paragraph yesterday. Choose a bullet-point you didn’t include. Use a green pen to
add this to your work.
How did a thyroid complaint affect Robert Louis How did his nanny influence Robert Louis
Stevenson? Stevenson?
1. It left him with distended bones. 1. She encouraged him to explore the darker
2. It made him unable to read as a child. side of Edinburgh.
3. It left him fascinated by medical science. 2. She was deeply religious and told him old
4. It made him deeply religious. folk tales.
3. She encouraged him to write poems and
stories.
4. She encouraged him to travel the world.
Location
Stevenson was brought up in Edinburgh and was fascinated by the contrast between its ‘new town and
the medieval ‘old town’. In the former, wide streets and spacious squares were bright and airy, but the
latter was filled with gloomy alleyways and narrow terraces. Stevenson was drawn, like a moth to a
flame, to these older, darker areas.
It was here that he discovered Deacon Brodie – a local cabinet maker and thief – who helped him to
see that men often had hidden darkness behind their eyes. Other Edinburgh criminals influenced
Stevenson too – he once wrote a story called “The Bodysnatchers” based on the infamous duo Burke
and Hare – two murderers who suffocated their victims and sold the bodies to medical science.
Throughout the novel, Stevenson goes out of his way to establish a link between the urban landscape
of Victorian London and the dark events surrounding Hyde. He achieves his desired effect through the
use of nightmarish imagery, in which dark streets twist and coil, or lie draped in fog, forming a sinister
landscape suitable for the crimes that take place there.
Chilling visions of the city appear in Utterson’s nightmares as well, like in the extract below:
He would be aware of the great field of lamps of a nocturnal city. . . . The figure [of Hyde] . . .
haunted the lawyer all night; and if at any time he dozed over, it was but to see it glide more
stealthily through sleeping houses, or move the more swiftly . . . through wider labyrinths of lamp-
lighted city, and at every street corner crush a child and leave her screaming.
In such images, Stevenson paints Hyde as an urban creature, utterly at home in the darkness of London
—where countless crimes take place, the novel suggests, without anyone knowing.
Why do you think authors would be interested in writing about the ‘darker’ side of towns like
London?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
In these extracts, Stevenson describes the London setting...
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It chanced on one of these rambles that their way led them down a
by-street in a busy quarter of London. The street was small and what
is called quiet, but it drove a thriving trade on the weekdays. The
inhabitants were all doing well, it seemed and all hoping to do better
still - the shop fronts stood along that thoroughfare with an air of
invitation, like rows of smiling saleswomen. Even on Sunday, when it
veiled its more florid charms and lay comparatively empty of visitors,
the street shone out in contrast to its dingy neighbourhood, like a fire
in a forest; and with its freshly painted shutters, well-polished brasses,
and general cleanliness and cheerfulness of note, instantly caught and
pleased the eye of the passenger.
Then later...
Two doors from one corner, on the left hand going east the line was
broken by the entry of a court; and just at that point a certain sinister
block of building thrust forward its gable on the street. It was two
storeys high; showed no window, nothing but a door on the lower
storey and a blind forehead of discoloured wall on the upper; and
bore in every feature, the marks of prolonged and sordid negligence.
The door, which was equipped with neither bell nor knocker, was
blistered and distained. Tramps slouched into the recess and struck
matches on the panels; children kept shop upon the steps; the
schoolboy had tried his knife on the mouldings; and for close on a
generation, no one had appeared to drive away these random visitors
or to repair their ravages.
What do these descriptions of places tell us about Stevenson’s fascination with the city streets?
Killer Quotation
What do these descriptions of places tell us about Stevenson’s fascination with the city streets?
How does the writer achieve Why is it effective? Context
it?  Link to the actual words used  Does it link to Victorian
 Identify a technique or  What does it make you feel/do? society, values or beliefs?
interesting use of language  What are the connotations? Does it link to Stevenson’s
 Use a quote  Does it have an emotional own life?
impact?
Model
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How does the  Identify a
writer achieve it? technique/ Stevenson creates a huge contrast between the two
interesting use of descriptions, using positive language in one and
language negative in the other.
What is the writer’s  Link to purpose
intention? and audience Stevenson grew up in Edinburgh, a city with great
 Writer’s message contrasts between its spacious, clean ‘new town’ and
 Writers’ attitude its dark, claustrophobic ‘old town’. This has
influenced his work, with this fascination reflected in
the vibrant description of London and the gloomy,
Why is it effective?  Link to the actual run-down version.
words used
 What does it make
you feel/do? The characters who inhabit these streets reflect their
 What are the surroundings. “Smiling saleswomen” are juxtaposed
connotations? with slouching “tramps”, and even the schoolboy
 Does it have an mentioned is menacing as he carries a “knife”. The
emotional impact? sense that London’s night-time streets are a place to
Context  Does it link to be feared is obvious, and suggests that further crimes
Victorian society, may be committed in the “sinister” streets.
values or beliefs?
 Does it link to
Stevenson’s own As a child, Stevenson was drawn to these dark places
life? against his parents’ wishes, and it is little surprise that
he chose to put his villain in similar dark and dingy
locations – Stevenson learned to associate them with
criminality, making them the perfect setting for a
story about a man exploring the darker, immoral side
of his personality.

2. Tick the bullet-points which have been achieved and draw arrows to where this
happened (using different colours will make it easier to spot).
3. Go back to the paragraph yesterday. Choose a bullet-point you didn’t include. Use a green
pen to add this to your work.
Check your understanding so far...

How did a thyroid complaint affect Robert Louis Which terrible act does Hyde commit at the
Stevenson? start of the novel?
1. It left him with distended bones. 1. He murders Danvers Carew.
2. It made him unable to read as a child. 2. He forges Jekyll’s will.
3. It left him fascinated by medical science. 3. He tramples a young girl.
4. It made him deeply religious. 4. He breaks into Jekyll’s lab.
How did his nanny influence Robert Louis
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Stevenson? How does compensate for his crime?
1. She encouraged him to explore the dark side 1. He begs for forgiveness.
of Edinburgh. 2. He pays her compensation.
2. She was deeply religious and told him old 3. He doesn’t even try to.
folk tales. 4. He offers to pray for her.
3. She encouraged him to write poems and
stories.
4. She encouraged him to travel the world. Where does Hyde disappear to?
1. Through a door which leads to Jekyll’s
Where was Robert Louis Stevenson drawn in his laboratory.
childhood? 2. The dark and the fog help him escape.
1. The light, spacious streets of Edinburgh’s 3. He disappears down a dark alleyway.
new town. 4. Nobody sees wear he disappears to.
2. The light, spacious streets of London’s new
town.
3. The dark, gloomy streets of Edinburgh’s old Which adjective means ‘morally corrupt or
town. wicked’?
4. The dark, gloomy streets of London’s old 1. Feral.
town. 2. Abhorrent.
3. Unorthodox.
Who were Burke and Hare? 4. Depraved.
1. Murderers who killed prostitutes.
2. Murderers who sold dead bodies to science.
3. The inspiration for Jekyll and Hyde.
4. Cabinet makers and thieves.

To answer these questions you will need to refer to the full chapter!
Analysis: use the how/what/why approach from earlier
Our first encounter with Hyde is an ‘eye-witness’ account from Enfield. Choose one of the following
tasks, answering in detail using quotations and examining them closely.
 Why do you think Stevenson chose to introduce Hyde in this way?

 What adjectives and imagery are used to describe Hyde? What effect do they create?
Evaluation: How successful is this opening to the novel?
 Discuss the parts of the chapter that must have affected nineteenth century readers very
deeply.
 Which parts do you find the most interesting?
The Influence of Darwin
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Gothic literature focuses on ruin, decay, death, madness, terror and chaos. It often shows people of
privilege behaving irrationally and passionately, ignoring common-sense and reason.
This sense of horror grew in response to the fears and concerns of people in the late eighteenth and
early nineteenth centuries. At the time, scientific discovery was upsetting what some people believed,
and this fear of the new and unfamiliar led to books like Frankenstein being written. in it, a scientist
uses his knowledge to accidentally create a monster – a fear which people still have today when it
comes to new scientific discoveries (just think about the fuss over cloning or genetically modified
foods).
People’s beliefs were also challenged by Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. This showed that
different species had evolved through a process called ‘natural selection’, in which animals pass on
their strongest characteristics, meaning their offspring are better suited to the environment they live
in. In this way, species become stronger and stronger. See the diagram to show how giraffe evolved…
This theory was deeply disturbing for many people, as it challenged their religious beliefs: Darwin’s
theory completely goes against the Bible’s teachings, in which God created Adam and Eve. Many
people felt they were being forced to choose between their long-held religious beliefs and science –
and many believed that science was meddling in matters that only God had control over.
Rather than being innocent creatures created by a powerful god, this theory meant that we had
evolved from more primitive creatures by accident – something many people found appalling because
it showed we were more closely related to the animal kingdom than people had assumed. The theory
was also misunderstood by many who believed that this meant we were evolved from monkeys and
apes – which we are not.
How did Darwin’s theory influence Jekyll and Hyde?
NB Hyde’s Physical Appearance

Hyde appears repulsively ugly and deformed, small, shrunken, and hairy. His physical ugliness and
deformity symbolises his moral hideousness and warped ethics. Indeed, for the audience of
Stevenson’s time, this connection might have been seen as more than symbolic. Many people believed
in the science of physiognomy, which said that one could identify a criminal by physical appearance.
Additionally, Hyde’s small stature may represent the fact that, as Jekyll’s dark side, he has been
repressed for years, prevented from growing and flourishing. His hairiness may indicate that he is not
so much an evil side of Jekyll as the embodiment of Jekyll’s animal instincts.
Chapter Two: Search for Mr Hyde

That evening the lawyer, Utterson, is troubled by what he has heard. He takes the will of his friend Dr
Jekyll from his safe. It contains a worrying instruction: in the event of Dr Jekyll's disappearance, all his
possessions are to go to Mr Hyde.
Utterson decides to visit Dr Lanyon, an old friend of his and Dr Jekyll's. Lanyon has never heard of
Hyde, and not seen Jekyll for ten years. That night Utterson has terrible nightmares.
Utterson starts watching the door (which belongs to Dr Jekyll's old laboratory) and eventually sees
Hyde unlocking it. He is shocked by the sense of evil coming from him.
Utterson goes next door to warn his friend, Jekyll, against Hyde, but is told by the servant, Poole, that
Jekyll is out and the servants have all been instructed by Jekyll to obey Hyde.
Utterson is worried that Hyde may kill Jekyll to benefit from the will.
16
Chapter Two: Consolidation
You will need to refer to the full chapter!
Mr Utterson, the lawyer, is troubled by the __________ that Henry Jekyll has written because it
hands everything over to __________ if Jekyll dies or disappears for more than three months.
Utterson visits Dr. Lanyon, a friend of Jekyll’s, to find out more, but discovers that Lanyon has
__________ __________ with Jekyll over the ‘unscientific’ experiments Jekyll has been conducting.
That night, Utterson suffers from nightmares. In one nightmare, he sees the figure of the man who
trampled on the girl, and in another nightmare, the same figure approaches the sleeping Jekyll and
makes Jekyll do what he wants. This figure has no __________ . On waking, Utterson is determined
to find out what Hyde looks like so he spends his spare time standing by the door where Hyde lives.
Eventually, one night, Hyde arrives and Utterson asks to look at his face: Hyde shows him it and
then gives Utterson his __________ . Utterson realises that Hyde is thinking about the will and is
frightened for Jekyll. When he goes to visit Jekyll, we realise something Utterson has known for a
while – that the house that Hyde lives in is actually the laboratory attached to the back of Jekyll’s
house. Utterson finds that Jekyll is out, and learns from the butler, Poole, that Hyde has a
__________ to Jekyll’s laboratory and the servants have orders to __________ him. Utterson
leaves feeling very worried that Hyde is blackmailing Jekyll.
 Why is Utterson so upset about Jekyll’s will?

 Why does Utterson visit Lanyon? Why has Lanyon lost interest in Jekyll as a scientist?
 What is Utterson worried about and what does he dream about?
 What steps does Utterson take to find Mr Hyde?
 Why does Hyde accuse Utterson of lying to him?
 Why does Utterson visit Jekyll immediately after seeing Hyde?
 Why is Utterson even more worried about Jekyll at the end of the chapter?
In this extract, Utterson meets Hyde for the first time...
Mr. Hyde was pale and dwarfish, he gave an impression of deformity

without any nameable malformation, he had a displeasing smile, he
had borne himself to the lawyer with a sort of murderous mixture of
timidity and boldness, and he spoke with a husky, whispering and
somewhat broken voice; all these were points against him, but not all
of these together could explain the hitherto unknown disgust,
loathing, and fear with which Mr. Utterson regarded him. “There
must be something else,” said the perplexed gentleman. “There is
something more, if I could find a name for it. God bless me, the man
seems hardly human!”
17
Question: How does Stevenson create a sense of horror in this extract?
Killer Quotation
Check your vocab...

Which adjective describes something which goes Which adjective describes something which is
against what is normal or expected? wild and animalistic?
1. Depraved. 1. Unorthodox.
2. Unorthodox. 2. Feral.
3. Abhorrent. 3. Abhorrent.
4. Savage. 4. Savage.
Which adjective means ‘morally corrupt or Which adjective means ‘horrifyingly bad’?
wicked’? 1. Feral.
1. Feral. 2. Abhorrent.
2. Abhorrent. 3. Savage.
3. Unorthodox. 4. Depraved.
4. Depraved.
Model and Support - How does Stevenson create a sense of horror in this extract?
How does  Identify a technique/
the writer interesting use of Stevenson creates a character whose appearance is
achieve it? language deeply unsettling through his use of adjectives such as
 Use a quote “pale and dwarfish”, “murderous” and “broken.”
What is the  Link to purpose and
writer’s audience His purpose is to make his audience fear Hyde and what
intention?  Writer’s message he is capable of by creating a character who, despite his
 Writers’ attitude strange and small appearance, is capable of horrific
violence – like the attack on the innocent young girl in
chapter one.
Why is it  Link to the actual “Dwarfish and pale” suggest a deformity which is not
effective? words used particularly gruesome or horrible, and many readers
 What does it make would not see these as problematic. But Stevenson goes
you feel/do? further by including Utterson’s reaction – he sees him with
 What are the “disgust, loathing and fear” – and as Utterson is a sensible
connotations? and reasonable character, this strong reaction carries
 Does it have an more weight for a reader and convinces them that Hyde is
emotional impact? a horrific character.
Context  Does it link to
Victorian society, There are strong echoes here of Stevenson’s own
values or beliefs? childhood: he suffered a thyroid complaint as a youngster
 Does it link to which left him with elongated bones – perhaps his
Stevenson’s own life? exploration of Hyde’s character reflects his concerns
18
about his own “malformation” and how others saw him.

2. Tick the bullet-points which have been achieved and draw arrows to where this
happened (using different colours will make it easier to spot).
Check Your Understanding...

Plot Context
Where does Hyde disappear to in chapter one? Who were Burke and Hare?
1. Through a door which leads to Jekyll’s 1. Murderers who killed prostitutes.
laboratory. 2. Murderers who sold dead bodies to science.
2. The dark and the fog help him escape. 3. The inspiration for Jekyll and Hyde.
3. He disappears down a dark alleyway. 4. Cabinet makers and thieves.
4. Nobody sees wear he disappears to.
What was Darwin’s theory?
In chapter two, what does Jekyll’s will say? 1. Intelligent design.
1. If he dies or disappears, his possessions are 2. Humans evolved from monkeys.
left to Hyde. 3. Creationism.
2. If he dies or disappears, his possessions are 4. Evolution by natural selection.
left to Utterson.
3. If he dies or disappears, his possessions are How did Darwin’s theory affect Victorian
left to Enfield. people?
4. If he dies or disappears, his possessions are 1. Many people abandoned Christianity.
left to Lanyon. 2. They stopped going to church.
3. It confirmed what they had always
In chapter two, Utterson watches the door and suspected.
sees… 4. It challenged their existing beliefs.
1. Jekyll unlocking it.
2. Hyde unlocking it. Where was Robert Louis Stevenson drawn to in
3. Poole unlocking it. his childhood?
4. Nobody at all. 1. The light, spacious streets of Edinburgh’s
new town.
What does Poole tell Utterson in chapter two? 2. The light, spacious streets of London’s new
1. The servants have all been dismissed. town.
2. The servants have never heard of Hyde. 3. The dark, gloomy streets of Edinburgh’s old
3. The servants have never seen Hyde. town.
4. The servants have been told to obey Hyde. 4. The dark, gloomy streets of London’s old
town.
Chapter Two: Search for Mr Hyde

Analysis: use the how/what/why approach from earlier
 How does Stevenson create suspense in this chapter?

 How does Stevenson create a Gothic atmosphere in his description of the streets of London
19
and Utterson’s dreams?
Evaluation
 How successful is Stevenson in creating a mood of mystery in this chapter?
Creative Response
 Write Utterson’s diary for this chapter, detailing his encounters with Lanyon, Mr Hyde, and
his worries for Henry Jekyll.
 Write a story called ‘The Nightmare’, about a nightmare that comes true.
Duality
An instance of opposition or contrast between
two concepts or two aspects of something.
The idea that a stable individual identity could be changed is a common one in Gothic fiction. Jekyll is a
good, respectable man, but shows how it is possible to have an evil and corrupt side at the same time.
This kind of ‘duality’ is one of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’s main themes.
Jekyll says that “man is not truly one, but truly two,” and he imagines the human soul as the
battleground for an “angel” and a “fiend,” each struggling for control. But his potion, which he hoped
would separate and purify each part, succeeds only in bringing the dark side into existence — Hyde
emerges, but he has no angelic equivalent. Once unleashed, Hyde slowly takes over, until Jekyll ceases
to exist.
Perhaps Jekyll is simply mistaken: man is not “truly two” but is really the primitive creature embodied
in Hyde, brought under control only by civilisation, law, and conscience. Maybe the potion simply
strips away the civilised pretence, showing man’s true nature. Certainly, the novel goes out of its way
to paint Hyde as animalistic—he is hairy and ugly; he behaves according to instinct rather than reason.
This idea is strongly related to Freud’s theory of the Id, Ego and Super-Ego which we’ll study later.
Victorian Respectability
 Victorians were ‘respectable’ people. Reputation was considered very important and people
were expected to repress some of their more ‘natural’ instincts (sexuality/violence).
 On the one hand, they saw the calm, rational, everyday normality of family life and employment;
on the other, fantasies, nightmares, anger and violence.
Glossary
Stable: Civilisation:
Corrupt: Moral:
Primitive: Urban:
Embodied: brought to life.
20
What is ‘duality’? Write a definition in your own words:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
In a duality, one part cannot live without the other (like light and dark). Write as many examples of
duality as you can think of which are present in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde...
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
How do you think the idea of duality affected Victorian people?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
But if Hyde were just an animal, we would not expect him to take such delight in crime. He seems to
commit violent acts against innocents for no reason except the joy of it—something that no animal
would do. He knows what is right and moral and enjoys breaking those rules. Also, for an animalistic
creature, Hyde seems oddly at home in the urban landscape. Perhaps Stevenson is suggesting that
civilisation, too, has its dark side.
Chapter Three: Jekyll Was Quite At Ease

Two weeks later, following a dinner party with friends at Jekyll's house, Utterson stays behind to talk
to him about his will.
Jekyll laughs off Utterson's worries, comparing them to Lanyon's 'hidebound' (conventional and
unadventurous) attitude to medical science. The reader now sees why Lanyon and Jekyll have fallen
out, and starts to understand that Jekyll's behaviour has become unusual.
Utterson persists with the subject of the will. Jekyll hints at a strange relationship between himself and
Hyde. Although he trusts Utterson, Jekyll refuses to reveal the details. He asks him, as his lawyer not
his friend, to make sure the will is carried out.
He reassures him that 'the moment I choose, I can be rid of Mr Hyde'.
Chapter Three: Consolidation
A fortnight later, Jekyll has a __________ party. Utterson remains behind so he can speak to Jekyll
about why he doesn’t like Jekyll’s will; he tells Jekyll that he can be __________ and urges Jekyll to
tell him if he is being __________ Jekyll tells him that it isn’t blackmail and that he can get rid of
__________ at any time he wishes. He asks Utterson to drop the matter and make sure that he will
help Hyde get what is in the will – i.e. everything Jekyll owns – if he, Jekyll, __________ or
__________.
Comprehension: answer in full sentences below.
Why does Jekyll think Lanyon is a pedant?

__________________________________________________________________________________
21
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
What does Jekyll make Utterson promise? Why is Utterson uneasy about the promise?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
What is Jekyll’s state of mind at this point do you think?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
In this extract, Utterson meets Hyde for the first time...
A FORTNIGHT later, by excellent good fortune, the doctor gave one of

his pleasant dinners to some five or six old cronies, all intelligent,
reputable men and all judges of good wine; and Mr. Utterson so
contrived that he remained behind after the others had departed. This
was no new arrangement, but a thing that had befallen many scores
of times. Where Utterson was liked, he was liked well. Hosts loved to
detain the dry lawyer, when the light-hearted and the loose-tongued
had already their foot on the threshold; they liked to sit a while in his
unobtrusive company, practising for solitude, sobering their minds in
the man’s rich silence after the expense and strain of gaiety. To this
rule, Dr. Jekyll was no exception; and as he now sat on the opposite
side of the fire—a large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty, with
something of a slyish cast perhaps, but every mark of capacity and
kindness—you could see by his looks that he cherished for Mr.
Utterson a sincere and warm affection.
“I have been wanting to speak to you, Jekyll,” began the latter. “You
know that will of yours?”
[...] “My good Utterson,” said the doctor, “this is very good of you, this
is downright good of you, and I cannot find words to thank you in. I
believe you fully; I would trust you before any man alive, ay, before
myself, if I could make the choice; but indeed it isn’t what you fancy; it
is not so bad as that; and just to put your good heart at rest, I will tell
you one thing: the moment I choose, I can be rid of Mr. Hyde. I give
you my hand upon that; and I thank you again and again; and I will just
add one little word, Utterson, that I’m sure you’ll take in good part:
this is a private matter, and I beg of you to let it sleep.”
Question: How is Dr Jekyll presented in this extract?


22
Killer Quotation
How is Dr Jekyll presented in this extract?

You must use the word ‘duality’ in your answer.
Model- How is Dr Jekyll presented in this extract?
How does the  Identify a

writer achieve it? technique/ Stevenson presents Jekyll as a good, reasonable man
interesting use of “with every mark of capacity and kindness.”
language
 Use a quote
What is the writer’s  Link to purpose In order to show just how horrific Hyde is, Stevenson
intention? and audience must create a character who is his opposite: someone
 Writer’s message who is “sincere and warm”. The obvious contrast
 Writers’ attitude between the two represents the duality of man –
something of great interest to the author.
Why is it effective?  Link to the actual
words used Jekyll attempts to flatter Utterson as he tries to
 What does it make convince him that Hyde is under control, repeatedly
you feel/do? referring to him as “good”. Perhaps this is meant to
 What are the sound a little overdone – almost as if Jekyll is trying
connotations? too hard to convince Utterson of something he
 Does it have an doesn’t entirely believe himself.
emotional impact?
Context  Does it link to
Victorian society, Perhaps this flattery is simply a pretence – one which
values or beliefs? is stripped away when he takes the potion. Stevenson
 Does it link to seems to suggest that man’s true nature is more
Stevenson’s own animalistic – maybe Jekyll has just been good at
life? hiding it so far. This might be an uncomfortable idea
for those in Victorian society, who were likely to see
good and bad as opposites, not two parts of one
person.

2. Tick the bullet-points which have been achieved and draw arrows to where this happened
(using different colours will make it easier to spot).
Chapter Three: Consolidation

Analysis
 How does Stevenson present Jekyll in this chapter? How does he create a sense of mystery
around the character?
23
Evaluation
 How successful is Stevenson in creating a sense of mystery in this chapter?
Creative Response
 Write a story or a poem about a friend who is a good person but befriends a bully, who is a
bad influence. Call the story or poem ‘Bad Influence’.
 Write Utterson’s diary for this chapter.
Test your knowledge so far…

Which noun is the part of the mind you’re
Chapter One: The Story of the Door unaware of, but which influences your actions?
Which terrible act does Hyde commit at the 1. Subconscious.
start of the novel? 2. Ethics.
1. He breaks into Jekyll’s lab. 3. Supernatural.
2. He forges Jekyll’s will. 4. Consciousness.
3. He murders Danvers Carew.
4. He tramples a young girl. What name is given to two opposites which
cannot exist without each other?
How does compensate for his crime? 1. Aberration.
1. He begs for forgiveness. 2. Atavism.
2. He offers to pray for her. 3. Duality.
3. He pays her compensation. 4. Repression.
4. He doesn’t even try to.
Where was Robert Louis Stevenson drawn in his
Where does Hyde disappear to? childhood?
1. Nobody sees wear he disappears to. 1. The light, spacious streets of Edinburgh’s
2. The dark and the fog help him escape. new town.
3. He disappears down a dark alleyway. 2. The light, spacious streets of London’s new
4. Through a door which leads to Jekyll’s town.
laboratory. 3. The dark, gloomy streets of Edinburgh’s old
town.
Chapter Two: Search for Hyde 4. The dark, gloomy streets of London’s old
What does Jekyll’s will say? town.
1. If he dies or disappears, his possessions go to
Utterson. A feature of Gothic literature is...
2. If he dies or disappears, his possessions go to 1. Multiple narrators.
Enfield. 2. One single narrator.
3. If he dies or disappears, his possessions go to 3. First person perspective.
Lanyon. 4. Second person narrative
4. If he dies or disappears, his go to Hyde.
Utterson watches the door and sees… Isolation is…

1. Poole unlocking it. 1. Characters living together but apart from
2. Hyde unlocking it. society.
3. Nobody at all. 2. Characters living alone or apart from society.
4. Jekyll unlocking it. 3. Characters living together as part of society.
24
4. Characters living alone as part of society.
What does Poole tell Utterson?
1. The servants have never heard of Hyde. Pathetic fallacy is…
2. The servants have all been dismissed. 1. Linking the environment with human
3. The servants have been told to obey Hyde. emotions.
4. The servants have never seen Hyde. 2. When the mood is dark and atmospheric.
3. Being sympathetic to characters in a book.
4. Characters being sympathetic to each other.
Violence Against Innocents
The text repeatedly depicts Hyde as a creature of great evil and countless vices. Although the reader
learns the details of only two of Hyde’s crimes, the nature of both underlines his depravity. Both
involve violence directed against innocents in particular.
In the first instance, the victim of Hyde’s violence is a small, female child whom he tramples; in the
second instance, it is a gentle and much-beloved old man.
The fact that Hyde injures a girl and ruthlessly murders a man, neither of which has done anything to
provoke his rage or to deserve death, emphasises the extreme immorality of Jekyll’s dark side. Hyde’s
brand of evil is not just a lapse from good behaviour but an outright attack on it.
Glossary
Vices:
Depravity:
Immorality:
Lapse:
Write your own paragraph, explaining why Hyde’s attacks are so shocking. You must include the
following words: abhorrent, brutal, depraved, feral, immoral, savage.
Chapter 4 - The Carew Murder Case

Nearly a year later, an elderly gentleman is brutally clubbed to death in the street by Hyde. The
murder is witnessed by a maid who recognises Hyde.
A letter addressed to Utterson is found on the body and the police contact him. He recognises the
murder weapon as the broken half of a walking cane he gave to Jekyll years earlier. When he hears
that the murderer is Hyde, he offers to lead the police to his house.
They are told that Hyde has not been at home for two months. But when they search the house they
find the other half of the murder weapon and signs of a hasty exit.

A year later, a maid is sitting at her window during the early hours of the morning when she
25
witnesses Mr Hyde, someone she knows, beat a polite old gentleman to __________ with a stick
which __________ She faints, and then when she wakes up contacts the police who find a letter
addressed to __________ on the old man. Called on early that morning by the police, Utterson
identifies the body at the police station as Sir Danvers Carew, one of his __________ Utterson then
recognises the broken stick as __________ Inspector Newcomen and he visit Hyde’s run-down flat
and find the __________ there, and a burnt __________ The Inspector believes that all they have
to do is wait at the __________ for Hyde to draw out money because he has no way of getting any
otherwise. However, Hyde wasn’t __________ again.
Comprehension: answer in below…

What were the circumstances of the murder of Sir Danvers Carew? How was he killed?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Why was Utterson contacted?
_________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
What incriminating evidence was found in Hyde’s rooms?
_________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Why is Hyde now a hunted man?
_________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
In this extract, the maid describes Carew’s murder...
Presently her eye wandered to the other, and she was surprised to
recognise in him a certain Mr. Hyde, who had once visited her master and
for whom she had conceived a dislike. He had in his hand a heavy cane,
with which he was trifling; but he answered never a word, and seemed to
listen with an ill-contained impatience. And then all of a sudden he broke
out in a great flame of anger, stamping with his foot, brandishing the cane,
and carrying on (as the maid described it) like a madman. The old
gentleman took a step back, with the air of one very much surprised and a
trifle hurt; and at that Mr. Hyde broke out of all bounds and clubbed him to
the earth. And next moment, with ape-like fury, he was trampling his
victim under foot and hailing down a storm of blows, under which the
bones were audibly shattered and the body jumped upon the roadway. At
the horror of these sights and sounds, the maid fainted.
It was two o'clock when she came to herself and called for the police. The
murderer was gone long ago; but there lay his victim in the middle of the
lane, incredibly mangled. The stick with which the deed had been done,
although it was of some rare and very tough and heavy wood, had broken
in the middle under the stress of this insensate cruelty; and one splintered
half had rolled in the neighbouring gutter—the other, without doubt, had
been carried away by the murderer. A purse and a gold watch were found
upon the victim: but no cards or papers, except a sealed and stamped
envelope, which he had been probably carrying to the post, and which
bore the name and address of Mr. Utterson.
26
Why is Hyde’s attack on Carew so shocking?
Stretch yourself by using the following words in your answer:
feral, savage, depraved, abhorrent, atavistic
How does the writer achieve it? Why is it effective? Context
 Identify a technique or interesting  Link to the actual words  Does it link to Victorian
use of language used society, values or beliefs?
 Use a quote  What does it make you Does it link to Stevenson’s
feel/do? own life?
 What are the connotations?
 Does it have an emotional
impact?
Model- Why is Hyde’s attack on Carew so shocking?
How does the writer achieve  Identify a Hyde’s attack on Carew is deeply shocking
this? technique/ because of its brutality. In a savage attack
Lit AO1: use textual interesting use of and with “ape-like fury” he leaves the old
references, including language man’s bones “audibly shattered.”
quotations, to support and  Use appropriate
terminology Stevenson plays on the reader’s concerns,
illustrate interpretations.
 Use a quote comparing Hyde’s feral behaviour to an
What is the writer’s  Link to purpose “ape”. Many people were aware of Darwin’s
intention? and audience theory of evolution and were angered and
Lit AO1: Read, understand  What is the upset at the scientist pointing out how
and respond to texts, writer’s message closely humans are related to animals, and
maintain a critical style and or attitude? this attack shows man at his most animalistic
develop an informed – unable to restrain his wilder instincts.
personal response
Lit AO2: Analyse the The damage done to Carew is particularly
language, form and structure upsetting. His bones were heard to crack and
used by a writer to create he and his property are “splintered” and left
meanings and effects, using in the “gutter”. These words are almost
relevant subject terminology onomatopoeic, enabling the reader to almost
where appropriate. hear the abhorrent attack. The fact that
Why is it effective?  Link to the actual Carew’s “purse and a gold watch” are left
Lit AO2: Analyse the words and untouched makes the attack even worse, as
language, form and structure methods used it appears Hyde’s motives are not robbery,
used by a writer to create  What are the but a senseless and needless attack on a
meanings and effects, using connotations? completely innocent man.
relevant subject terminology  Does it have an
where appropriate. emotional impact? Again, Stevenson gives us an insight into the
Context  Does it link to depraved side of a respectable man,
Lit AO3: Show understanding Victorian society, suggesting that repressed Victorians might
of the relationships between values or beliefs? also be capable of such acts if they allowed
texts and the contexts in  Does it link to their subconscious to rule their behaviour.
which they were written. Stevenson’s own Perhaps he’s also hinting that our behaviour
life? was more like this once, and that Hyde is an
27
atavistic version of Jekyll.

2. Tick the bullet-points which have been achieved and draw arrows to where this happened
(using different colours will make it easier to spot).
Test your knowledge so far…
28
Chapter One: The Story of the Door Chapter Three: Dr Jekyll Was Quite at Ease
Which terrible act does Hyde commit at the Utterson is concerned about the link between
start of the novel? Jekyll and Hyde. How does Jekyll react?
1. He breaks into Jekyll’s lab. 1. He laughs it off.
2. He forges Jekyll’s will. 2. He warns Utterson off.
3. He murders Danvers Carew. 3. He becomes angry.
4. He tramples a young girl. 4. He ignores Utterson.
How does compensate for his crime? How did a thyroid complaint affect Robert Louis
1. He begs for forgiveness. Stevenson?
2. He offers to pray for her. 1. It left him with distended bones.
3. He pays her compensation. 2. It made him unable to read as a child.
4. He doesn’t even try to. 3. It left him fascinated by medical science.
4. It made him deeply religious.
Where does Hyde disappear to?
1. Nobody sees wear he disappears to. How did his nanny influence Robert Louis
2. The dark and the fog help him escape. Stevenson?
3. He disappears down a dark alleyway. 1. She encouraged him to explore the darker
4. Through a door which leads to Jekyll’s side of Edinburgh.
laboratory. 2. She was deeply religious and told him old
folk tales.
Chapter Two: Search for Hyde 3. She encouraged him to write poems and
What does Jekyll’s will say? stories.
1. If he dies or disappears, his possessions go to 4. She encouraged him to travel the world.
Utterson.
2. If he dies or disappears, his possessions go to Which adjective means ‘fierce, violent,
Enfield. uncontrolled’?
3. If he dies or disappears, his possessions go to 1. Depraved.
Lanyon. 2. Feral.
4. If he dies or disappears, his go to Hyde. 3. Abhorrent.
4. Savage.
Utterson watches the door and sees…
1. Poole unlocking it. Which adjective describes something which is
2. Hyde unlocking it. wild and animalistic?
3. Nobody at all. 1. Unorthodox.
4. Jekyll unlocking it. 2. Feral.
3. Abhorrent.
What does Poole tell Utterson? 4. Savage.
1. The servants have never heard of Hyde.
2. The servants have all been dismissed. Which noun is a change back to the way your
3. The servants have been told to obey Hyde. ancestors used to be (ie, becoming like a
4. The servants have never seen Hyde. caveman)?
1. Duality.
2. Repression.
3. Aberration.
4. Atavism.

Analysis
29
 How does Stevenson convey a sense of horror and mystery in this chapter?
 Look at Stevenson’s descriptions of London and Hyde’s flat: how does he generate a Gothic
atmosphere here?
Evaluation
 How successful is Stevenson in making Hyde seem genuinely evil?
Creative Response
 Write a newspaper article about the murder of Carew.
 Continue Utterson’s diary for this chapter of the novel, detailing his thoughts on the murder
and his discovery of the incriminating evidence in Jekyll’s flat.
 Write a story or poem called ‘The Murder’.

The Subconscious
Shortly after Jekyll & Hyde was written, a famous psychoanalyst called Sigmund Freud developed a
theory about human nature. He thought our personalities could be divided into three different parts:
The Id: this is the animalistic wild part of the brain. It seeks pleasure and avoids pain.
The Ego: the decision making part of the brain. It uses reason and logic to make the Id behave.
The Superego: the voice that incorporates society’s values and morals.
We can use Freud’s theory when we look at Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.
Hyde is the animalistic, wild part of Jekyll’s personality – his Id. Jekyll keeps him under control as long
as he can, with his Superego repressing his true desires. But once he drinks the potion, his wild side is
released – and because it has been kept repressed for so long, once it is unleashed it is bigger and
stronger than it would have been if he had expressed it naturally.
Jekyll himself knows this when he describes the murder of Carew:
“My devil had been long caged, and he came out roaring. I was conscious, even when I took the
draught, of a more unbridled, a more furious propensity to ill.”
Glossary:
Repress: Propensity:
Conscious: To ill: to do terrible things
Unbridled:
Does Dr Jekyll take full responsibility for his actions as Hyde? (Look at his use of “my devil”.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 5 – Incident of the Letter
30
Utterson goes to Jekyll's house and finds him 'looking deadly sick'. He asks whether he is hiding Hyde.
Jekyll assures him he will never see or hear of Hyde again. He shows Utterson a letter from Hyde that
indicates this.
Utterson asks Guest, his head clerk, to compare the handwriting on the letter to that on an invitation
from Jekyll. There is a resemblance between the two, though with a different slope. Utterson believes
Jekyll has forged the letter in Hyde's handwriting to cover his escape.
Starting at the beginning of the novel, produce a timeline of everything that has happened so far
(AO1)
In this extract, Jekyll as described as being incredibly ill...
Mr. Utterson was at last received into the doctor's cabinet. It was a large
room, fitted round with glass presses, furnished, among other things, with a
cheval-glass and a business table, and looking out upon the court by three
dusty windows barred with iron. A fire burned in the grate; a lamp was set
lighted on the chimney shelf, for even in the houses the fog began to lie
thickly; and there, close up to the warmth, sat Dr. Jekyll, looking deadly sick.
He did not rise to meet his visitor, but held out a cold hand and bade him
welcome in a changed voice.
"And now," said Mr. Utterson, as soon as Poole had left them, "you have
heard the news?"
The doctor shuddered. "They were crying it in the square," he said.

"I heard them in my dining-room."
"One word," said the lawyer. "Carew was my client, but so are you, and I want
to know what I am doing. You have not been mad enough to hide this fellow?"
"Utterson, I swear to God," cried the doctor, "I swear to God I will never set
eyes on him again. I bind my honour to you that I am done with him in this
world. It is all at an end. And indeed he does not want my help; you do not
know him as I do; he is safe, he is quite safe; mark my words, he will never
more be heard of."
What effect is Mr Hyde having on Dr Jekyll?

Stretch yourself: as well as talking about the physical effects, talk about the mental effects Hyde is
having on Jekyll.
Using words like repress, subconscious and conscience would be particularly impressive.
Model
How does the writer  Identify a
achieve this? technique/
Lit AO1: use textual interesting use
references, including of language
31
quotations, to support  Use appropriate
and illustrate terminology
interpretations.  Use a quote It seems that the pressure of living with Hyde is
having a terrible effect on Dr Jekyll’s health, as he is
described as “looking deadly sick”.
intention? and audience
Read, understand and  What is the
It is clear that living with the knowledge that Hyde is
respond to texts, writer’s message
on the loose and committing crimes is worrying
maintain a critical style or attitude?
Jekyll, and Stevenson wants us to see this through
and develop an
his use of verbs such as “shuddered” and “cried”. He
informed personal
is no longer “at ease” and is unable to hide his
response
feelings.
Analyse the language,
form and structure
Perhaps Stevenson described his sickness as
used by a writer to
“deadly” because being unable to repress his
create meanings and
subconscious desires has really led to a deadly
effects, using relevant
incident when Carew was murdered. Jekyll must
subject terminology
have a guilty conscience about this, which is shown
where appropriate.
when he cries out to Utterson to explain that he’ll
Why is it effective?  Link to the
“never set eyes on him (Hyde) again”. At this point,
Analyse the language, actual words and
he can’t repress his morals any longer, just like he is
form and structure methods used
struggling to repress Hyde.
used by a writer to  What are the
create meanings and connotations?
For many in Victorian society, this struggle to appear
effects, using relevant  Does it have an
respectable was a real issue. In the modern world,
subject terminology emotional
we are much more open about sharing our thoughts
where appropriate. impact?
and feelings, but the Victorians were much more
Context  Does it link to emotionally repressed. Living in a very judgemental
Show understanding of Victorian society must have made it difficult to discuss the less
the relationships society, values pleasant side of our personalities, and bottling up
between texts and the or beliefs? your feelings is now seen as unhealthy. Perhaps
contexts in which they  Does it link to Stevenson was giving a voice to concerns many
were written. Stevenson’s own people had about themselves.
life?
 Read the sample paragraph provided.

 Tick the bullet-points which have been achieved and draw arrows to where this happened (using
different colours will make it easier to spot).
 If possible, identify the different AOs where they appear.
 Go back to the paragraph yesterday. Choose a bullet-point you didn’t include. Use a green pen to
add this to your work.
Test your understanding…

What is the Id?
Which noun is a change back to the way your 1. The animalistic part of the brain that seeks
ancestors used to be (ie, becoming like a pleasure and avoids pain.
caveman)? 2. The decision making part of the brain that
1. Duality. uses reason and logic.
2. Repression. 3. The voice that incorporates society’s values,
3. Aberration. rules and morals.
32
4. Atavism. 4. The moral sense of right and wrong which
governs behaviour.
Isolation is…
1. Characters living together but apart from What is the Ego?
society. 1. The voice that incorporates society’s values,
2. Characters living alone or apart from society. rules and morals.
3. Characters living together as part of society. 2. The decision making part of the brain that
4. Characters living alone as part of society. uses reason and logic.
3. The animalistic part of the brain that seeks
What was Darwin’s theory? pleasure and avoids pain.
1. Intelligent design. 4. The moral sense of right and wrong which
2. Humans evolved from monkeys. governs behaviour.
3. Creationism.
4. Evolution by natural selection. What is the Super Ego?
1. The animalistic part of the brain that seeks
How did Darwin’s theory affect Victorian pleasure and avoids pain.
people? 2. The moral sense of right and wrong which
1. Many people abandoned Christianity. governs behaviour.
2. They stopped going to church. 3. The decision making part of the brain that
3. It confirmed what they had always uses reason and logic.
suspected. 4. The voice that incorporates society’s values,
4. It challenged their existing beliefs. rules and morals.
Chapter Five: Incident of the Letter

Analysis
How does Stevenson reveal Jekyll’s state of mind in this chapter? Think about his use of dialogue,
the descriptions of the laboratory, and the plot twist that the letter is a forgery.
Evaluation
How successful is Stevenson in generating mystery and suspense in this chapter?
Creative Response
Write a story or poem called ‘The Forgery’.
Write Utterson’s diary for this chapter, discussing his feelings about seeing his friend Henry Jekyll
and his concern when he finds out the letter is a forgery.
The Limits of Science?
What is science?
33
 Science is an organised way of using evidence to learn about the natural world.
 It relies on scientists having an idea, then observing or testing to see if their ideas are true.
 Science is never ending – we always search for new or better ways to understand the world
we live in.
Doctor Lanyon is a “smug” man whose scientific beliefs are shattered when he sees Jekyll transform
into Hyde. Perhaps this represents the way new discoveries were challenging existing beliefs (like the
way Darwin’s theory of evolution challenged religious beliefs).
He believes that Jekyll’s experimentation is “unscientific balderdash” and that he is “wrong in mind”.
Stevenson is actually criticising science itself, suggesting that Jekyll’s science is only of limited use when
explaining the world. He suggests that nature (and the nature of man) is far too complex to be
explained by science – Jekyll’s “unscientific” experimentation creates a monster which cannot be ruled
or governed by the rules of science or law.
An Alternate View For Those Feeling Confident

In fact, Jekyll has proved that Lanyon’s narrow views of the world are wrong, and that science can
continue to uncover new knowledge about the world and ourselves.
Stevenson could have had any character see Jekyll transform into Hyde. So why did he choose Dr
Lanyon?
Chapter 6 – Remarkable Incident of Doctor Lanyon

The police cannot find Hyde. Coincidentally, Jekyll seems happier and, for two months, he socialises
again.
Suddenly, however, he appears depressed and will not see Utterson.
Utterson visits Dr Lanyon to discuss their friend's health, but finds Lanyon on his death-bed.
Lanyon refuses to discuss Jekyll who, he hints, is the cause of his illness.
Trying to find out what has happened, Utterson writes to Jekyll. He receives a reply which suggests
Jekyll has fallen into a very disturbed state and talks of being 'under a dark influence'.
Lanyon dies and leaves a letter for Utterson in an envelope marked 'not to be opened till the death or
disappearance of Dr Henry Jekyll'. Utterson, being a good lawyer, locks it away unopened in his safe.
Utterson tries to revisit Jekyll several times, but his servant, Poole, says he is living in isolation and will
not see anyone.
Chapter Six: Remarkable Incident of Doctor Lanyon

34
Time passes but Hyde is not __________. Jekyll starts seeing people, doing __________ work and
holds a dinner party which __________ and __________ come to. A few days later though, when
Utterson calls, Jekyll won’t see __________. Utterson visits Lanyon and sees that he is sick and will
__________ soon. Lanyon won’t talk about Jekyll, who he regards as __________. Utterson writes
to Jekyll to __________ about not seeing him. Jekyll writes back, telling him that he does not blame
Lanyon for treating him this way and that he has brought a __________ upon himself. A few weeks
later Lanyon dies, giving Utterson an envelope. When he opens it, he finds another envelope only
to be opened __________ Jekyll dies or disappears. Utterson tries to see Jekyll again, but the butler
__________ to let him in.
 Dr Jekyll enters a new phase of life at the beginning of the chapter: what does he do that’s
different from before?
 Then he refuses to see Utterson: why do you think this is?
 How has Lanyon changed when Utterson visits him?
 What letter does Utterson receive from Lanyon and what instructions come with it?
In this extract, Utterson visits his friend Dr Lanyon…
[…] when he came in, he was shocked at the change which had taken place in the doctor's
appearance. He had his death-warrant written legibly upon his face. The rosy man had grown pale;
his flesh had fallen away; he was visibly balder and older; and yet it was not so much, these tokens
of a swift physical decay that arrested the lawyer's notice, as a look in the eye and quality of manner
that seemed to testify to some deep-seated terror of the mind. It was unlikely that the doctor
should fear death; and yet that was what Utterson was tempted to suspect. "Yes," he thought; "he is
a doctor, he must know his own state and that his days are counted; and the knowledge is more
than he can bear." And yet when Utterson remarked on his ill-looks, it was with an air of greatness
that Lanyon declared himself a doomed man.
"I have had a shock," he said, "and I shall never recover. It is a question of weeks. Well, life has been
pleasant; I liked it; yes, sir, I used to like it. I sometimes think if we knew all, we should be more glad
to get away."
"Jekyll is ill, too," observed Utterson. "Have you seen him?"
But Lanyon's face changed, and he held up a trembling hand. "I wish to see or hear no more of Dr.
Jekyll," he said in a loud, unsteady voice. "I am quite done with that person; and I beg that you will
spare me any allusion to one whom I regard as dead."
How does Stevenson present Dr Lanyon in this scene?

It might be helpful to refer back to his first appearance in the book where he is described as “a
hearty, healthy, dapper, red-faced gentleman, with a shock of hair prematurely white, and a
boisterous and decided manner”.
How does Stevenson present Dr Lanyon in this scene?

In his first appearance in the book he is described as “a hearty, healthy, dapper, red-faced
gentleman, with a shock of hair prematurely white, and a boisterous and decided manner”.
35
 Identify a technique/interesting  Link to the actual words  Does it link to Victorian
 Use a quote  What does it make you Does it link to
feel/do? Stevenson’s own life?
 What are the connotations?
impact?
How does Stevenson present Dr Lanyon in this scene? Model

In his first appearance in the book he is described as “a hearty, healthy, dapper, red-faced gentleman,
with a shock of hair prematurely white, and a boisterous and decided manner”.
Stevenson presents Lanyon as a frightened man who has “his death-warrant written legibly upon his
face” and is “trembling”, “visibly older and balder”.
Stevenson shows the effect that Jekyll and Hyde have had upon Lanyon’s health, showing how he has
quickly gone from “hearty and healthy” to being the total opposite. It seems that Lanyon knows the
truth about Hyde, but cannot bring himself to tell Utterson, and repressing this urge to speak is
having terrible consequences for him. The contrast between the “hearty” Lanyon and the thin, pale
man presented here is similar to the difference between Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.
Lanyon is clearly living in fear of Hyde, “trembling” and “unsteady” when he is mentioned and
determined not to speak about a man he “regard(s) as dead”. He keeps what he knows a secret,
perhaps because he is frightened he will be attacked.
It is also possible that Stevenson is making a comment on Victorian society here. For many, keeping
up appearances and keeping secrets were all part of presenting a respectable front, and even if it kills
him, Lanyon seems determined not to undermine the scientific method by admitting that Dr Jekyll
may have created an unscientific monster.
Test Your Understanding...

Chapter One: The Story of the Door Chapter Four: The Carew Murder Case
Which terrible act does Hyde commit at the What is the murder weapon?
start of the novel? 1. A wooden truncheon.
1. He murders Danvers Carew. 2. A stolen truncheon.
2. He forges Jekyll’s will. 3. An ordinary wooden cane.
3. He tramples a young girl. 4. A distinctive wooden cane.
4. He breaks into Jekyll’s lab.
What leads the police to Jekyll’s house?

How does compensate for his crime? 1. Enfield recognises the cane as Jekyll’s.
1. He begs for forgiveness. 2. A witness leads them to Jekyll’s.
2. He pays her compensation. 3. The maid sees Hyde go to Jekyll’s.
3. He doesn’t even try to. 4. Utterson recognises the cane as Jekyll’s.
4. He offers to pray for her.
Where does Hyde disappear to?

36
1. Through a door which leads to Jekyll’s How does Jekyll react?
laboratory. 1. He says he does not know Hyde at all.
2. The dark and the fog help him escape. 2. He says Hyde has never been to his house.
3. He disappears down a dark alleyway. 3. He says Hyde has not been there for two
4. Nobody sees wear he disappears to. months.
4. He says Hyde was there earlier that night.
Chapter Two: Search for Hyde

What does Jekyll’s will say? Chapter Five: Incident of the Letter
1. If he dies or disappears, his possessions go to Jekyll - who looks ‘deadly sick’ - shows Utterson
Hyde. a letter saying Hyde won’t be back. Utterson
2. If he dies or disappears, his possessions go to suspects…
Utterson. 1. It has been forged by Jekyll to cover for
3. If he dies or disappears, his possessions go to Hyde.
Enfield. 2. It has been forged by Poole, on behalf of
4. If he dies or disappears, his possessions go to Jekyll.
Lanyon. 3. It is a genuine letter and Hyde has gone.
4. It is a genuine letter, but Hyde will stay.
Utterson watches the door and sees…

1. Jekyll unlocking it.
2. Hyde unlocking it. Chapter Six: Remarkable Incident of Dr Lanyon
3. Poole unlocking it. Hyde has disappeared and Jekyll seems…
4. Nobody at all. 1. Relaxed and sociable, but soon becomes
depressed.
2. Depressed, but some becomes relaxed and
What does Poole tell Utterson? sociable.
1. The servants have all been dismissed. 3. Healthy and happy, but soon becomes
2. The servants have never heard of Hyde. poorly.
3. The servants have never seen Hyde. 4. Poorly, but soon becomes healthy and
4. The servants have been told to obey Hyde. happier.
Chapter Three: Dr Jekyll Was Quite at Ease Utterson visits Dr Lanyon, who is on his death
Utterson is concerned about the link between bed because…
Jekyll and Hyde. How does Jekyll react? 1. He has seen something which frightens him
1. He laughs it off. to death.
2. He warns Utterson off. 2. He has contracted an illness from a patient.
3. He becomes angry. 3. He has been poisoned by Hyde.
4. He ignores Utterson. 4. He has been poisoned by Jekyll.
Lanyon dies, leaving a letter to be opened…

1. If Hyde dies or disappears.
2. If Jekyll dies or disappears.
3. If Utterson dies or disappears.
4. If Poole dies or disappears.
Chapter Six: Remarkable Incident of Doctor Lanyon

Analysis
 How does Stevenson develop Lanyon’s character in this chapter?
37
Evaluation
 How successfully does Stevenson build the readers’ curiosity in this chapter?
Creative Response
 Stevenson writes that “disreputable tales came out of the man’s cruelty”. Write a
newspaper article about what Hyde has done.
 Write a story or poem called ‘The Shock.
 Write Utterson’s diary for this chapter, explaining what he thinks and feels about Jekyll and
Lanyon’s behaviour.
Addiction
Addiction is defined as not having control over doing, taking or using something to the point where it
could be harmful to you.
Addiction is most commonly associated with gambling, drugs, alcohol and nicotine, but it's possible to
be addicted to just about anything.
What causes addictions?
There are lots of reasons why addictions begin. In the case of drugs, alcohol and nicotine, these
substances affect the way you feel, both physically and mentally. These feelings can be enjoyable and
create a powerful urge to use the substances again.
Gambling may result in a similar mental "high" after a win, followed by a strong urge to try again and
recreate that feeling. This can develop into a habit that becomes very hard to stop.
Being addicted to something means that not having it causes withdrawal symptoms, or a "come
down". Because this can be unpleasant, it's easier to carry on having or doing what you crave, and so
the cycle continues. Often, an addiction gets out of control because you need more and more to satisfy
a craving and achieve the "high".
How addictions can affect you
The strain of managing an addiction can seriously damage your work life and relationships. An
addiction can have serious psychological and physical effects.
An addiction can be a way of blocking out difficult issues. Unemployment and poverty can trigger
addiction, along with stress and emotional or professional pressure.
Class Discussion
Is Jekyll an addict? And if so, what is he addicted to?
Trainspotting
In the 90s, Irvine Welsh wrote a very famous book about heroin addiction: Trainspotting. In it,
characters see their lives destroyed by a drug which seems totally destructive and utterly disgusting.
But one character, Mark Renton, reminds readers of the joy of the drug...
“People think it’s all about misery and desperation and death, which is not to be ignored, but what
they forgot is the pleasure of it. Otherwise we wouldn’t do it. After all, we’re not stupid. At least,
we’re not that stupid.”
How can you link Renton’s view of drug taking to Jekyll taking the potion?
You must use a quote from Jekyll and Hyde in your answer.
Chapter 7 – Incident at the Window

Utterson and Enfield are taking one of their walks, like at the opening of the book. They pass Jekyll's
window and see him looking like a prisoner in solitary confinement. Utterson calls out to him and Jekyll
replies, but his face suddenly freezes in an expression of ‘abject terror and despair'.
38
The change in Jekyll's expression is so sudden and horrible it 'froze the very blood of the two
gentlemen below', and they depart in silence.
What was Darwin’s theory? How did Darwin’s theory affect Victorian
1. Intelligent design. people?
2. Humans evolved from monkeys. 1. Many people abandoned Christianity.
3. Creationism. 2. They stopped going to church.
4. Evolution by natural selection. 3. It confirmed what they had always
suspected.
4. It challenged their existing beliefs.
Utterson and Enfield pass by the door where Enfield saw Hyde __________ after he trampled the
girl. Enfield has now worked out that it is the door to the laboratory that connects to __________
house. Enfield says that they will never __________ Hyde again. They look up and see Jekyll at the
window looking very __________. They ask him to come out for a __________ with them but he
says he can’t. Then a look of __________ seizes him and he disappears. The two men walk on in
__________.
Comprehension: answer in full sentences.
What does Enfield discover about Hyde’s rooms that he didn’t know?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
__
Why do you think Utterson hadn’t already told him this information?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
What are Jekyll’s mood and emotions in this chapter?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
39
[Utterson sees Jekyll at his window].
"What! Jekyll!" he cried. "I trust you are better."
"I am very low, Utterson," replied the doctor, drearily, "very low. It will not last
long, thank God."
"You stay too much indoors," said the lawyer. "You should be out, whipping up
the circulation like Mr. Enfield and me. (This is my cousin—Mr. Enfield—Dr.
Jekyll.) Come, now; get your hat and take a quick turn with us."
"You are very good," sighed the other. "I should like to very much; but no, no, no,
it is quite impossible; I dare not. But indeed, Utterson, I am very glad to see you;
this is really a great pleasure; I would ask you and Mr. Enfield up, but the place is
really not fit."
"Why then," said the lawyer, good-naturedly, "the best thing we can do is to stay
down here and speak with you from where we are."
"That is just what I was about to venture to propose," returned the doctor with a
smile. But the words were hardly uttered, before the smile was struck out of his
face and succeeded by an expression of such abject terror and despair, as froze
the very blood of the two gentlemen below. They saw it but for a glimpse, for the
window was instantly thrust down; but that glimpse had been sufficient, and
they turned and left the court without a word. In silence, too, they traversed the
by-street; and it was not until they had come into a neighbouring thoroughfare,
where even upon a Sunday there were still some stirrings of life, that Mr.
Utterson at last turned and looked at his companion. They were both pale; and
there was an answering horror in their eyes.
"God forgive us, God forgive us," said Mr. Utterson. But Mr. Enfield only nodded
his head very seriously and walked on once more in silence.
Discuss with a partner: how does Stevenson create a sense of horror here?
Killer Quotation
40
Analysis
How does Stevenson use description and dialogue to create a sense of drama and impending doom
in this chapter?
Evaluation
How successful is this chapter in provoking the reader’s curiosity?
Creative Response
 Write a story or poem about a brief but chilling meeting with a friend who is in a bad way.
 Write Enfield’s diary for this chapter, in which he talks about his friendship with Utterson
and his thoughts on Jekyll and Hyde.
Vocabulary Quiz
Which adjective means ‘horrifyingly bad’?
1. Feral. Which noun is the part of the mind you’re
2. Savage. unaware of, but which influences your actions?
3. Depraved. 1. Supernatural.
4. Abhorrent. 2. Consciousness.
3. Ethics.
Which adjective means ‘morally corrupt or 4. Subconscious.
wicked’?
1. Feral.
2. Depraved. What name is given to two opposites which
3. Abhorrent. cannot exist without each other?
4. Unorthodox. 1. Atavism.
2. Repression.
Which adjective describes something which 3. Duality.
goes against what is normal or expected? 4. Aberration.
1. Unorthodox.
2. Depraved.
3. Savage. Which noun is a change back to the way your
4. Abhorrent. ancestors used to be (ie, becoming like a
caveman)?
Which adjective means ‘fierce, violent, 1. Duality.
uncontrolled’? 2. Atavism.
1. Depraved. 3. Repression.
2. Abhorrent. 4. Aberration.
3. Feral.
4. Savage. An aberration is…
1. A story with a hidden meaning.
Which adjective describes something which is 2. A hint at a hidden meaning.
wild and animalistic? 3. A moral rule that affects behaviour.
41
1. Unorthodox. 4. An unwelcome and unexpected change.
2. Abhorrent.
3. Savage. A metamorphosis is…
4. Feral. 1. A moral rule that affects behaviour.
2. A hint at a hidden meaning.
3. An unwelcome and unexpected change.
4. A change from one state to another.
Chapter 8 – The Last Night

One evening, Jekyll's servant comes to Utterson and asks him to come to Jekyll's house. They go to the
laboratory, but the door is locked. The voice from inside does not sound like Jekyll's and both men
believe it is Hyde.
Poole says the voice has for days been crying out for a particular chemical to be brought, but the
chemicals given have been rejected as 'not pure'.
Poole says that earlier he caught a glimpse of a person in the lab who looked scarcely human.
They break down the door and inside find a body, twitching. In its hand are the remains of a test tube
(or vial). The body is smaller than Jekyll's but wearing clothes that would fit him.
On the table is a will dated that day which leaves everything to Utterson, with Hyde's name crossed
out. There is also a package containing Jekyll's 'confession' and a letter asking Utterson to read Dr
Lanyon's letter which he left after his death (see Chapter 6) and is now in Utterson's safe.
Utterson tells Poole he will return before midnight, when he has read all the documents.

One evening, Utterson is visited by Poole who tells him he thinks there has been some
“__________ __________” regarding Dr Jekyll. Utterson goes with Poole to Jekyll’s house and
finds all the servants cowering in the __________. Poole and Utterson go quietly through the
laboratory to the ‘cabinet’ or small room, where they knock on the door. A __________ voice says
that he cannot see anyone. Poole then tells him that he thinks Jekyll was “__________
__________ __________” eight days before, and that the strange voice has spent much time
demanding drugs, the orders for which are written on pieces of paper and pushed under the door.
Utterson reads one of these notes and thinks that Jekyll is __________. Poole then tells him that he
caught a glimpse of the “thing” and saw it was much __________ than Jekyll. Utterson decides to
break down the door and send two servants around the back to stop Jekyll escaping. Utterson says
to the creature in the laboratory that he will break down the door if it isn’t opened, to which a
strange voice says, “__________ __________!” When they break down the door, they find a will
the same as the one Jekyll wrote for Hyde except that __________’s name has replaced Hyde’s.
They also find a note that asks Utterson to read __________’s account and another letter, which is
the “__________” of Henry Jekyll.
 Why does Poole ask for help? What is his mood?

 What is the weather like?
42
 Why are all the servants afraid?
 What has Poole had to do for his master in the last few weeks?
 What do Jekyll’s notes to the chemist reveal about his state of mind?
 What has Jekyll been doing in the last few weeks?
 Why and how do they break down the door?
 When they break into the ‘cabinet’ what do they find?
 What evidence is there that Jekyll has killed himself?
 What evidence is there that Jekyll has been there recently?
In this extract, Poole reveals that Jekyll has been writing to a chemist, trying to get access to a
specific drug...
"This is a very strange tale, Poole; this is rather a wild tale, my man," said Mr.
Utterson, biting his finger. "Suppose it were as you suppose, supposing Dr. Jekyll
to have been—well, murdered, what could induce the murderer to stay? That
won't hold water; it doesn't commend itself to reason."
"Well, Mr. Utterson, you are a hard man to satisfy, but I'll do it yet," said Poole.
"All this last week (you must know) him, or it, or whatever it is that lives in that
cabinet, has been crying night and day for some sort of medicine and cannot get
it to his mind. It was sometimes his way—the master's, that is—to write his
orders on a sheet of paper and throw it on the stair. We've had nothing else this
week back; nothing but papers, and a closed door, and the very meals left there
to be smuggled in when nobody was looking. Well, sir, every day, ay, and twice
and thrice in the same day, there have been orders and complaints, and I have
been sent flying to all the wholesale chemists in town. Every time I brought the
stuff back, there would be another paper telling me to return it, because it was
not pure, and another order to a different firm. This drug is wanted bitter bad,
sir, whatever for."
[In a letter to the chemist, Jekyll writes...] “Expense is no consideration. For God’s
sake find me some of the old.”
How and why have Jekyll’s behaviour and appearance changed?

Killer Quotation
43
In this extract, Poole reveals that Jekyll has become almost unrecognisable...
"I [Poole] came suddenly into the theatre from the garden. It seems he had
slipped out to look for this drug or whatever it is; for the cabinet door was open,
and there he was at the far end of the room digging among the crates. He looked
up when I came in, gave a kind of cry, and whipped up-stairs into the cabinet. It
was but for one minute that I saw him, but the hair stood upon my head like
quills. Sir, if that was my master, why had he a mask upon his face? If it was my
master, why did he cry out like a rat, and run from me? I have served him long
enough. And then…" The man paused and passed his hand over his face.
"These are all very strange circumstances," said Mr. Utterson, "but I think I begin
to see daylight. Your master, Poole, is plainly seized with one of those maladies
that both torture and deform the sufferer; hence, for aught I know, the
alteration of his voice; hence the mask and the avoidance of his friends; hence
his eagerness to find this drug, by means of which the poor soul retains some
hope of ultimate recovery."
[...] "Sir," said the butler, turning to a sort of mottled pallor, "that thing was not
my master, and there's the truth. My master" here he looked round him and
began to whisper—"is a tall, fine build of a man, and this was more of a dwarf."
Utterson attempted to protest. "O, sir," cried Poole, "do you think I do not know
my master after twenty years? Do you think I do not know where his head comes
to in the cabinet door, where I saw him every morning of my life? No, Sir, that
thing in the mask was never Dr. Jekyll—God knows what it was, but it was never
Dr. Jekyll.”


 Identify a technique/interesting use  Link to the actual words  Does it link to
of language used Victorian society, values
 Use a quote  What does it make you or beliefs?
feel/do? Does it link to
 What are the Stevenson’s own life?
connotations?
impact?

Model
How does the writer  Identify a
achieve this? technique/
44
Lit AO1: use textual interesting use of Jekyll seems to be under the influence of a
references, including language terrible addiction, demanding Poole to get him
quotations, to support  Use appropriate a “bitter bad” drug, crying “out like a rat” and
terminology running away and hiding from his friends and
and illustrate
 Use a quote staff.
interpretations.
intention? and audience Stevenson aims to show how destructive
Lit AO1: Read, understand  What is the Jekyll’s potion has become. As well as creating
and respond to texts, writer’s message the monstrous Hyde, the potion has begun to
maintain a critical style or attitude? destroy Jekyll himself, turning him from a “tall,
and develop an informed fine build of a man” into something animalistic,
personal response allowing Stevenson to explore both sides of
Lit AO2: Analyse form, man’s dual nature.
language and structure
used to create meanings
and effects, using subject
terminology. Poole sees Jekyll as an animal now, scurrying
Why is it effective?  Link to the actual around like “a rat” in the darkness of his
Lit AO2: Analyse the words and laboratory. Rats are unpleasant animals
language, form and methods used associated with dirt and disease, but also with
structure used by a writer  What are the secrecy: they are rarely seen, in the same way
to create meanings and connotations? that Hyde moves in the shadows and darkness.
effects, using relevant  Does it have an
subject terminology emotional impact? Hyde is an atavistic version of Jekyll, and
where appropriate. describing him as an animal would have
Context  Does it link to resonated with Victorian readers who had been
Lit AO3: Show Victorian society, made aware of their own links to the animal
understanding of the values or beliefs? kingdom by recent scientific discoveries. For
relationships between  Does it link to many this would have made him an even more
texts and the contexts in Stevenson’s own frightening character as they might have
which they were written. life? recognised their own dark and repressed
feelings in Hyde.
In this extract, Poole reveals that Jekyll has become almost unrecognisable...
On the desk among the neat array of papers, a large envelope was uppermost, and bore,
in the doctor's hand, the name of Mr. Utterson. The lawyer unsealed it, and several
enclosures fell to the floor. The first was a will, drawn in the same eccentric terms as the
one which he had returned six months before, to serve as a testament in case of death
and as a deed of gift in case of disappearance; but, in place of the name of Edward Hyde,
the lawyer, with indescribable amazement, read the name of Gabriel John Utterson.
"My head goes round," he said. "He has been all these days in possession; he had no
cause to like me; he must have raged to see himself displaced; and he has not destroyed
this document."
45
He caught up the next paper; it was a brief note in the doctor's hand and dated at the
top. "O Poole!" the lawyer cried, "he was alive and here this day [...] he must be still
alive, he must have fled! And then, why fled? and how? and in that case, can we venture
to declare this suicide? Oh, we must be careful. I foresee that we may yet involve your
master in some dire catastrophe." [...] And with that he brought the paper to his eyes
and read as follows:
"MY DEAR UTTERSON,—When this shall fall into your hands, I shall have disappeared,
under what circumstances I have not the penetration to foresee, but my instinct and all
the circumstances of my nameless situation tell me that the end is sure and must be
early. Go then, and first read the narrative which Lanyon warned me he was to place in
your hands; and if you care to hear more, turn to the confession of
"Your unworthy and unhappy friend,

"HENRY JEKYLL."
"There was a third enclosure?" asked Utterson.
"Here, sir," said Poole, and gave into his hands a considerable packet sealed in several
places.
The lawyer put it in his pocket. "I would say nothing of this paper. If your master has fled
or is dead, we may at least save his credit. It is now ten; I must go home and read these
documents in quiet; but I shall be back before midnight, when we shall send for the
police."
Summarise this extract in exactly fifty words...

Analysis
 How and why does Stevenson use ‘pathetic fallacy’ in this chapter?
46
(pathetic fallacy is giving elements of nature are given human characteristics, like when the
weather matches the mood or atmosphere).
 How does Stevenson make this chapter so dramatic, yet still manage to prolong the
mystery?
Evaluation
 How successful is Stevenson in creating an atmosphere of horror?
Creative Response
 Write a story or poem called ‘The Disappearance” in which you describe the room of
someone who has disappeared.
 Write Poole’s diary for this chapter, in which he talks about his relationship with Jekyll and
his thoughts about his master.
Test your understanding…

Physiognomy is the belief that…
What was Darwin’s theory? 1. A criminal could be identified through
1. Creationism. appearance.
2. Evolution by natural selection. 2. Mental problems could be cured through
3. Intelligent design. massage.
4. Humans evolved from monkeys. 3. Your physical size was related to your social
status.
4. The shape of the skull influenced your
How did Darwin’s theory affect Victorian personality.
people?
1. It confirmed what they had always How did a thyroid complaint affect Robert Louis
suspected. Stevenson?
2. It challenged their existing beliefs. 1. It made him deeply religious.
3. Many people abandoned Christianity. 2. It left him with distended bones.
4. They stopped going to church. 3. It left him fascinated by medical science.
4. It made him unable to read as a child.
How did his nanny influence Robert Louis What is the Id?
Stevenson? 1. The voice that incorporates society’s values,
1. She encouraged him to travel the world. rules and morals.
2. She encouraged him to explore the darker 2. The animalistic part of the brain that seeks
side of Edinburgh. pleasure and avoids pain.
3. She encouraged him to write poems and 3. The moral sense of right and wrong which
stories. governs behaviour.
4. She was deeply religious and told him old 4. The decision making part of the brain that
folk tales. uses reason and logic.
Where was Robert Louis Stevenson drawn in his What is the Ego?
childhood? 1. The moral sense of right and wrong which
1. The dark, gloomy streets of Edinburgh’s old governs behaviour.
town. 2. The voice that incorporates society’s values,
2. The dark, gloomy streets of London’s old rules and morals.
town. 3. The animalistic part of the brain that seeks
3. The light, spacious streets of Edinburgh’s pleasure and avoids pain.
new town. 4. The decision making part of the brain that
4. The light, spacious streets of London’s new uses reason and logic.
47
town.
What is the Super Ego?
Who were Burke and Hare? 1. The animalistic part of the brain that seeks
1. Cabinet makers and thieves. pleasure and avoids pain.
2. Murderers who sold dead bodies to science. 2. The decision making part of the brain that
3. Murderers who killed prostitutes. uses reason and logic.
4. The inspiration for Jekyll and Hyde. 3. The voice that incorporates society’s values,
rules and morals.
4. The moral sense of right and wrong which
governs behaviour.
Chapter 9 – Dr Lanyon’s Narrative

Chapter 9 lists the contents of Dr Lanyon's letter. It tells how Lanyon received a letter from Jekyll
asking him to collect a drawer containing chemicals, a vial and a notebook from Jekyll's laboratory and
to give it to a man who would call at midnight.
Lanyon says he was curious, especially as the book contained some strange entries.
At midnight a man appears. He is small and grotesque, wearing clothes that are too large for him. The
man offers to take the chemicals away, or to drink the potion.
Lanyon accepts and, before his very eyes, Hyde transforms into none other than Dr Jekyll.
In horror at what he has witnessed, Lanyon becomes seriously ill.
Chapter Nine: Dr Lanyon’s narrative

Dr Lanyon talks about how he received a letter form Jekyll telling him to take a specific __________
from his laboratory and return to his house, where a man using Jekyll’s name would come and
collect the __________. Lanyon does as he’s told, and meets a nasty little man who says that either
Lanyon can __________ him take the drug, or not. If he does, he will see something that will
“stagger the unbelief of __________”. Lanyon then watches as Hyde takes the drug and turns into
__________. He realises that Jekyll is __________ and that he __________ Carew. “The
__________ __________” now afflicts him day and night.
 What does Jekyll’s letter order Lanyon to do?

 What is Lanyon’s reaction to the letter and the contents of Jekyll’s drawer?
 What does Lanyon think of Hyde?
 What does Hyde warn Lanyon about if he watches him take the potion?
 What happens to Hyde and why is Lanyon so shocked? Why does the sight of Hyde’s
transformation cause his death?
What is the Id? What is the Super Ego?

1. The moral sense of right and wrong which 1. The animalistic part of the brain that seeks
governs behaviour. pleasure and avoids pain.
2. The animalistic part of the brain that seeks 2. The moral sense of right and wrong which
48
pleasure and avoids pain. governs behaviour.
3. The voice that incorporates society’s values, 3. The voice that incorporates society’s values,
rules and morals. rules and morals.
4. The decision making part of the brain that 4. The decision making part of the brain that
uses reason and logic. uses reason and logic.
What is the Ego? Physiognomy is the belief that…

1. The decision making part of the brain that 1. Your physical size was related to your social
uses reason and logic. status.
2. The moral sense of right and wrong which 2. The shape of the skull influenced your
governs behaviour. personality.
3. The voice that incorporates society’s values, 3. A criminal could be identified through
rules and morals. appearance.
4. The animalistic part of the brain that seeks 4. Mental problems could be cured through
pleasure and avoids pain. massage.
In this extract, Lanyon has collected a drawer of drugs from Jekyll’s laboratory and is waiting for the
appearance of an unnamed man (who we know to be Hyde)…
Here, at last, I had a chance of clearly seeing him. I had never set eyes on him before, so much was
certain. He was small, as I have said; I was struck besides with the shocking expression of his face,
with his remarkable combination of great muscular activity and great apparent debility of
constitution, and—last but not least— with the odd, subjective disturbance caused by his
neighbourhood. This bore some resemblance to incipient rigour, and was accompanied by a marked
sinking of the pulse. At the time, I set it down to some idiosyncratic, personal distaste, and merely
wondered at the acuteness of the symptoms; but I have since had reason to believe the cause to lie
much deeper in the nature of man, and to turn on some nobler hinge than the principle of hatred.
This person (who had thus, from the first moment of his entrance, struck in me what I can only
describe as a disgustful curiosity) was dressed in a fashion that would have made an ordinary person
laughable; his clothes, that is to say, although they were of rich and sober fabric, were enormously
too large for him in every measurement—the trousers hanging on his legs and rolled up to keep
them from the ground, the waist of the coat below his haunches, and the collar sprawling wide upon
his shoulders. Strange to relate, this ludicrous accoutrement was far from moving me to laughter.
Rather, as there was something abnormal and misbegotten in the very essence of the creature that
now faced me— something seizing, surprising, and revolting—this fresh disparity seemed but to fit
in with and to reinforce it; so that to my interest in the man's nature and character, there was added
a curiosity as to his origin, his life, his fortune and status in the world.
These observations, though they have taken so great a space to be set down in, were yet the work
of a few seconds. My visitor was, indeed, on fire with sombre excitement.
"Have you got it?" he cried. "Have you got it?" And so lively was his impatience that he even laid his
hand upon my arm and sought to shake me. […] “I come here at the instance of your colleague, Dr.
Henry Jekyll, on a piece of business of some moment; and I understood…" He paused and put his
hand to his throat, and I could see, in spite of his collected manner, that he was wrestling against the
approaches of the hysteria—"I understood, a drawer…"
49
[…] He sprang to it, and then paused, and laid his hand upon his heart: I could hear his teeth grate
with the convulsive action of his jaws; and his face was so ghastly to see that I grew alarmed both
for his life and reason.
He turned a dreadful smile to me, and as if with the decision of despair, plucked away the sheet. At
sight of the contents, he uttered one loud sob of such immense relief that I sat petrified.
How does Stevenson create Lanyon’s sense of horror in this extract?

In this extract, Hyde drinks a potion made from the drugs in the drawer and turns into Henry Jekyll…
He put the glass to his lips and drank at one gulp. A cry followed; he reeled, staggered,
clutched at the table and held on, staring with injected eyes, gasping with open mouth;
and as I looked there came, I thought, a change—he seemed to swell— his face
became suddenly black and the features seemed to melt and alter—and the next
moment, I had sprung to my feet and leaped back against the wall, my arm raised to
shield me from that prodigy, my mind submerged in terror.
"O God!" I screamed, and "O God!" again and again; for there before my eyes—pale
and shaken, and half-fainting, and groping before him with his hands, like a man
restored from death— there stood Henry Jekyll!
What he told me in the next hour, I cannot bring my mind to set on paper. I saw what I
saw, I heard what I heard, and my soul sickened at it; and yet now when that sight has
faded from my eyes, I ask myself if I believe it, and I cannot answer. My life is shaken
to its roots; sleep has left me; the deadliest terror sits by me at all hours of the day and
night; I feel that my days are numbered, and that I must die; and yet I shall die
incredulous. As for the moral turpitude that man unveiled to me, even with tears of
penitence, I cannot, even in memory, dwell on it without a start of horror. I will say but
one thing, Utterson, and that (if you can bring your mind to credit it) will be more than
enough. The creature who crept into my house that night was, on Jekyll's own
confession, known by the name of Hyde and hunted for in every corner of the land as
the murderer of Carew.
HASTIE LANYON
How does Stevenson create Lanyon’s sense of horror in this extract?

50
Killer Quotation
How does Stevenson create Lanyon’s sense of horror in these extracts?

Be sure to use some of the sophisticated vocabulary we’ve used so far on the course: refer back
to the beginning of your folder if you need reminding of specific vocab for discussing Jekyll &
Hyde…
 What are the
connotations?
impact?
Original Sin
The concept of Original Sin refers generally to the Christian belief in the universal nature of sin.
Original sin is thought to be the result of the story of Adam and Eve in The Bible. In that story, God only
made one rule for them: they must not eat fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. But the
snake told Eve, that eating the fruit would make Eve like God. Eve then persuaded Adam to eat the
fruit. After they had broken God's only rule, they were removed from the Garden of Eden.
Then Genesis tells the story of how their oldest son Cain killed his brother Abel. Based mostly on this
and many other stories and passages in the Bible like this one: “sin entered the world because one
man, Adam, sinned, and death came because of sin. Everyone sinned, so death came to all people”.
Christians traditionally believe that no human is without sin and only the way we behave in life can
free us from this sin.
Many religious Victorians would have believed this to be true, and this idea links closely to the
respectable front which many of them displayed publicly – their reputation was important to them and
repressing their darker, sinful side would have helped them to maintain this reputation.
51
How does the idea of ‘original sin’ link to the characters of Jekyll and Hyde?
Chapter Nine: Dr Lanyon’s narrative

Analysis
 Why is this chapter written in the first person with Lanyon narrating?
 How does Stevenson create a sense of drama when Hyde turns into Jekyll? How and why
have so many film-makers and writers imitated and borrowed from this scene?
Evaluation
We learn the answer to the mystery in this chapter. Do you think it is a good solution?
Creative Response
Write a story or poem called ‘The Transformation”.
Write Utterson’s diary in response to reading this account, discussing his feelings when he learns
that Hyde is Jekyll. Is he as shocked as Lanyon?
52
How well do you know the story of Jekyll & Hyde?
Sum it up in exactly 15 bullet-points in your books
Chapter Ten – Henry Jekyll’s Full Statement of the Case
Jekyll tells the story of how he turned into Hyde.
It began as scientific curiosity in the duality of human nature (or the good and evil), and his attempt to
destroy the 'darker self'. Eventually, however, he became addicted to the character of Hyde, who
increasingly took over and destroyed him.
The novel does not return to Utterson who, at the end of Chapter 8, was going to return to Jekyll's
house.

Jekyll talks about how, since he was young, he has had two sides to his nature: the __________ and
the __________. When he became a scientist, he became obsessed with separating these two
elements of the human soul – and one night he made a mixture which did precisely this: he
became another __________. He became __________ __________. When he drank the potion
again, he turned back into __________. He enjoyed changing into Hyde and doing whatever he
wanted without being __________. He set up the laboratory for __________ to live in and ordered
the servants to obey him. Things were tricky when Hyde was caught trampling the little girl and he
had to pay compensation with a __________ written by Henry Jekyll. After this, Jekyll opened a
bank account for __________. Two months before the murder of Carew, Jekyll found that we went
to sleep as Jekyll, but woke up as Hyde without taking the __________. After this, he decided not
to take the potion any more so he could remain as Jekyll, until one night he lost his __________
and took the potion; it had a very strong __________ and he murdered __________ as a result.
From then onwards, he decided __________ to be Hyde again. His dark side got the better of him,
and he did some bad things as Hyde. This caused him to __________ into Hyde without taking the
potion; one morning in Regent’s Park, he found that he had changed into Hyde. He didn’t know
what to do. He decided to ask Lanyon to fetch the drugs from his laboratory, and then visited
Lanyon where he took the __________ and changed back into Jekyll. From that moment onwards,
he has had to take more and more drugs just to stay as __________. Hyde was __________ over
him. He knows that either he will be hung as the __________ of Carew, or he will manage to
__________ himself.
In this extract, Jekyll reveals the inspiration for his potion… Words in (bold) have been added to help
your understanding as this is a particularly difficult passage.
53
I WAS born in the year 18—- to a large fortune, endowed (given) besides with excellent parts (body
and mind), inclined by nature to industry (work), fond of the respect of the wise and good among
my fellow-men, and thus, as might have been supposed, with every guarantee of an honourable and
distinguished (successful) future. And indeed the worst of my faults was a certain impatient gaiety
(happiness) of disposition (character), such as has made the happiness of many, but such as I found
it hard to reconcile (be consistent with) with my imperious (arrogant) desire to carry my head high,
and wear a more than commonly grave (serious) countenance (face) before the public. Hence it
came about that I concealed my pleasures; and that when I reached years of reflection, and began
to look round me and take stock of my progress and position in the world, I stood already
committed to a profound (very great) duplicity (double-sided/hypocritical) of life. Many a man
would have even blazoned such irregularities as I was guilty of; but from the high views that I had
set before me, I regarded and hid them with an almost morbid (deathly) sense of shame [...]
With every day, and from both sides of my intelligence, the moral and the intellectual, I thus drew
steadily nearer to that truth [...] that man is not truly one, but truly two. I say two, because the state
of my own knowledge does not pass beyond that point [...] I, for my part, from the nature of my life,
advanced infallibly (never making a mistake) in one direction and in one direction only. It was on
the moral side (the side connected with good), and in my own person, that I learned to recognise
the thorough and primitive duality of man; I saw that, of the two natures that contended
(competed) in the field of my consciousness, even if I could rightly be said to be either, it was only
because I was radically (extremely) both; and from an early date, even before the course of my
scientific discoveries had begun to suggest the most naked possibility of such a miracle, I had
learned to dwell with pleasure, as a beloved day-dream, on the thought of the separation of these
elements (of good and evil).
If each, I told myself, could but be housed in separate identities, life would be relieved of all that was
unbearable; the unjust (bad man) might go his way, delivered from the aspirations (hopes) and
remorse (guilt) of his more upright (honest) twin; and the just could walk steadfastly and securely
on his upward path, doing the good things in which he found his pleasure, and no longer exposed
(made visible) to disgrace and penitence (regret) by the hands of this extraneous (irrelevant) evil. It
was the curse of mankind that these incongruous (ill-fitting) faggots (pieces of earth) were thus
bound together that in the agonised womb of consciousness (human mind), these polar twins
should be continuously struggling. How, then, were they dissociated (separated)?
THESE QUOTES ARE VITAL TO UNDERSTANDING JEKYLL AND HYDE:

ANNOTATE THEM IN DETAIL
With every day, and from both sides of my intelligence, the moral and the
intellectual, I thus drew steadily nearer to that truth [...] that man is not truly
one, but truly two.
the unjust might go his way, delivered from the aspirations and remorse of his
more upright twin; and the just could walk steadfastly and securely on his
upward path, doing the good things in which he found his pleasure, and no
54
longer exposed to disgrace and penitence by the hands of this extraneous evil
In this extract, Jekyll makes and takes the potion… Words in (bold) have been added to help your
understanding as this is a particularly difficult passage.
The most racking (painful) pangs succeeded: a grinding in the bones, deadly nausea, and a horror of
the spirit that cannot be exceeded at the hour of birth or death. Then these agonies began swiftly to
subside (die down), and I came to myself as if out of a great sickness. There was something strange
in my sensations, something indescribably new and, from its very novelty (newness), incredibly
sweet. I felt younger, lighter, happier in body; within I was conscious (aware) of a heady
recklessness (giving little thought to danger), a current of disordered (chaotic) sensual (sexual/of
the senses) images running like a mill-race (the channel carrying the swift current of water that
drives a mill wheel) in my fancy (imagination), a solution (dissolving) of the bonds of obligation
(duty), an unknown but not an innocent freedom of the soul. I knew myself, at the first breath of
this new life, to be more wicked, tenfold more wicked, sold a slave to my original evil (many
Christians at this time believed that they were born evil, in a state of original sin, and needed to
believe in Christ to stop them from being evil); and the thought, in that moment, braced and
delighted me like wine. I stretched out my hands, exulting (rejoicing) in the freshness of these
sensations; and in the act, I was suddenly aware that I had lost in stature (height).
[...] The evil side of my nature, to which I had now transferred the stamping (violent) efficacy (the
ability to produce a desired result), was less robust (strong) and less developed than the good
which I had just deposed (got rid of). Again, in the course of my life, which had been, after all, nine-
tenths a life of effort, virtue, and control, it had been much less exercised and much less exhausted.
And hence, as I think, it came about that Edward Hyde was so much smaller, slighter, and younger
than Henry Jekyll. Even as good shone upon the countenance (face) of the one, evil was written
broadly and plainly on the face of the other. Evil besides (which I must still believe to be the lethal
side of man) had left on that body an imprint of deformity and decay. And yet when I looked upon
that ugly idol in the glass (mirror), I was conscious of no repugnance (disgust), rather of a leap of
welcome. This, too, was myself. It seemed natural and human. In my eyes it bore a livelier image of
the spirit, it seemed more express and single, than the imperfect and divided countenance I had
been hitherto accustomed (used to) to call mine. And in so far I was doubtless right. I have observed
that when I wore the semblance (likeness) of Edward Hyde, none could come near to me at first
without a visible misgiving (feeling of doubt) of the flesh (body). This, as I take it, was because all
human beings, as we meet them, are commingled (mixed) out of good and evil: and Edward Hyde,
alone in the ranks of mankind, was pure evil.
How does Dr Jekyll feel about Mr Hyde and why is this surprising?
 Use at least one quotation.
 Refer to how other people see Hyde compared to how Jekyll sees him.
55
Even at that time, I had not yet conquered my aversion (dislike) to the dryness of a life of study. I
would still be merrily disposed at times; and as my pleasures were (to say the least) undignified
(appearing foolish or evil), and I was not only well known and highly considered (thought of), but
growing toward the elderly man, this incoherency (disorganisation) of my life was daily growing
more unwelcome. It was on this side that my new power tempted me until I fell in slavery. I had but
to drink the cup, to doff at once the body of the noted professor, and to assume, like a thick cloak,
that of Edward Hyde. I smiled at the notion; it seemed to me at the time to be humorous; and I
made my preparations with the most studious care. [...] I announced to my servants that a Mr. Hyde
(whom I described) was to have full liberty (freedom) and power about my house in the square; and
to parry (fight off) mishaps (problems), I even called and made myself a familiar object, in my
second character. I next drew up that will to which you so much objected; so that if anything befell
(happened to) me in the person of Dr. Jekyll, I could enter on that of Edward Hyde without
pecuniary (financial) loss. And thus fortified (strengthened), as I supposed, on every side, I began to
profit by the strange immunities (protection from harm) of my position.
Men have before hired bravos (strong men/criminals) to transact their crimes, while their own
person and reputation sat under shelter. I was the first that ever did so for his pleasures. I was the
first that could thus plod in the public eye with a load of genial (friendly) respectability, and in a
moment, like a schoolboy, strip off these lendings (borrowed things) and spring headlong into the
sea of liberty (freedom). But for me, in my impenetrable (impossible to pass through or enter)
mantle (cloak), the safety was complete. Think of it—I did not even exist! Let me but escape into my
laboratory door, give me but a second or two to mix and swallow the draught that I had always
standing ready; and whatever he had done, Edward Hyde would pass away like the stain of breath
upon a mirror; and there in his stead, quietly at home, trimming the midnight lamp in his study, a
man who could afford to laugh at suspicion, would be Henry Jekyll.
[...]It was Hyde, after all, and Hyde alone, that was guilty. Jekyll was no worse; he woke again to his
good qualities seemingly unimpaired (not weakened or damaged); he would even make haste,
where it was possible, to undo the evil done by Hyde. And thus his conscience slumbered.
How does Stevenson create the duality between Jekyll and Hyde in this extract?
Killer Quotation
56
How does Stevenson create the duality between Jekyll and Hyde in this extract?
 What are the
connotations?
impact?
In this extract, Jekyll explains his struggle to remain himself and not become Hyde...
Some two months before the murder of Sir Danvers, I had been out for one of my adventures, had
returned at a late hour, and woke the next day in bed with somewhat odd sensations. [...] My eyes
fell upon my hand. Now the hand of Henry Jekyll (as you have often remarked) was professional in
shape and size: it was large, firm, white, and comely (good looking). But the hand which I now saw,
clearly enough, in the yellow light of a mid-London morning, lying half shut on the bed-clothes, was
lean, corded, knuckly, of a dusky (dark) pallor (colour) and thickly shaded with a swart (black)
growth of hair. It was the hand of Edward Hyde.
I must have stared upon it for near half a minute, sunk as I was in the mere stupidity of wonder,
before terror woke up in my breast as sudden and startling as the crash of cymbals; and bounding
from my bed, I rushed to the mirror. At the sight that met my eyes, my blood was changed into
something exquisitely (delicately made) thin and icy. Yes, I had gone to bed Henry Jekyll, I had
awakened Edward Hyde. How was this to be explained?
[...]I began to spy a danger that, if this were much prolonged, the balance of my nature might be
permanently overthrown, the power of voluntary change be forfeited (given up), and the character
of Edward Hyde become irrevocably (impossible to reverse) mine. [...] I was slowly losing hold of my
original and better self, and becoming slowly incorporated (taken over) with my second and worse.
Between these two, I now felt I had to choose. [...] To cast in my lot with Jekyll, was to die to those
appetites (desires) which I had long secretly indulged and had of late begun to pamper (spoil). To
cast it in with Hyde, was to die to a thousand interests and aspirations (hopes), and to become, at a
blow and for ever, despised and friendless. The bargain might appear unequal; but there was still
another consideration in the scales; for while Jekyll would suffer smartingly in the fires of abstinence
(denying yourself something you want), Hyde would be not even conscious of all that he had lost.
[...] I chose the better part and was found wanting in the strength to keep to it.
Yes, I preferred the elderly and (unhappy) discontented doctor, surrounded by friends and
cherishing honest hopes; and bade a resolute (definite) farewell to the liberty (freedom), the
comparative youth, the light step, leaping impulses (sudden, strong desires) and secret pleasures,
that I had enjoyed in the disguise of Hyde. I made this choice perhaps with some unconscious
reservation (doubt), for I neither gave up the house in Soho, nor destroyed the clothes of Edward
Hyde, which still lay ready in my cabinet. For two months, however, I was true to my determination;
for two months I led a life of such severity (seriousness) as I had never before attained to, and
enjoyed the compensations of an approving conscience. But time began at last to obliterate
(destroy) the freshness of my alarm; the praises of conscience began to grow into a thing of course;
I began to be tortured with throes (intense violent pain) and longings, as of Hyde struggling after
57
freedom; and at last, in an hour of moral weakness, I once again compounded (made up) and
swallowed the transforming draught (drink).
What is the key quotation which reveals Jekyll’s struggle?
In this extract, Jekyll explains how Hyde reacted after being repressed for two months – by
murdering Sir Danvers Carew...
My devil had been long caged, he came out roaring. I was conscious, even when I took the draught,
of a more unbridled (uncontrolled), a more furious propensity (likelihood) to ill (do bad things). It
must have been this, I suppose, that stirred in my soul that tempest (storm) of impatience with
which I listened to the civilities (polite, pleasant words) of my unhappy victim; I declare, at least,
before God, no man morally sane could have been guilty of that crime upon so pitiful a provocation;
and that I struck in no more reasonable spirit than that in which a sick child may break a plaything
(toy). But I had voluntarily stripped myself of all those balancing instincts by which even the worst of
us continues to walk with some degree of steadiness among temptations; and in my case, to be
tempted, however slightly, was to fall.
Instantly the spirit of hell awoke in me and raged. With a transport of glee, I mauled the unresisting
body, tasting delight from every blow; and it was not till weariness had begun to succeed (take
over), that I was suddenly, in the top fit of my delirium (madness), struck through the heart by a
cold thrill of terror. A mist dispersed; I saw my life to be forfeit (lost); and fled from the scene of
these excesses (out of control behaviour), at once glorying and trembling, my lust of evil gratified
and stimulated, my love of life screwed to the topmost peg (at its highest point).
I ran to the house in Soho, and (to make assurance doubly sure) destroyed my papers; thence I set
out through the lamplit streets, in the same divided ecstasy of mind, gloating (thinking with
pleasure) on my crime, light-headedly devising (planning) others in the future, and yet still
hastening (hurrying) and still hearkening (listening) in my wake for the steps of the avenger
(somebody out to get revenge).
Hyde had a song upon his lips as he compounded the draught (made the drink to turn him back into
Jekyll) [...] The pangs of transformation had not done tearing him, before Henry Jekyll, with
streaming tears of gratitude and remorse (guilt), had fallen upon his knees and lifted his clasped
hands to God. The veil of self-indulgence (doing whatever you want) was rent (torn) from head to
foot, I saw my life as a whole: I followed it up from the days of childhood, when I had walked with
my father's hand, and through the self-denying toils (work) of my professional life, to arrive again
and again, with the same sense of unreality, at the damned horrors of the evening. I could have
screamed aloud; I sought with tears and prayers to smother down the crowd of hideous images and
sounds with which my memory swarmed against me. [...]
The problem of my conduct was solved. Hyde was thenceforth (from the on) impossible; whether I
58
would or not, I was now confined to the better part of my existence; and oh, how I rejoiced to think
it! with what willing humility (being humble), I embraced (gladly accepted) anew the restrictions of
natural life! with what sincere renunciation (giving something up), I locked the door by which I had
so often gone and come, and ground the key under my heel!
Pick out for quotations which show the following emotions:
Rage Elation
Regret Sorrow
In this extract, even after giving up Hyde, and without the potion, Jekyll again transforms into his
evil alter-ego...
It was a fine, clear, January day, wet under foot where the frost had melted, but cloudless overhead; and
the Regent's Park was full of winter chirrupings and sweet with spring odours. [...] I began to be aware of a
change in the temper of my thoughts, a greater boldness, a contempt (hatred) of danger, a solution of the
bonds of obligation. I looked down; my clothes hung formlessly on my shrunken limbs; the hand that lay on
my knee was corded and hairy. I was once more Edward Hyde. A moment before I had been safe of all
men's respect, wealthy, beloved—the cloth laying for me in the dining-room at home; and now I was the
common quarry of mankind, hunted, houseless, a known murderer, thrall to the gallows.
My reason wavered (hesitated), but it did not fail me utterly (totally). I have more than once observed that,
in my second character, my faculties (abilities) seemed sharpened to a point and my spirits more tensely
elastic; thus it came about that, where Jekyll perhaps might have succumbed (given in), Hyde rose to the
importance of the moment. My drugs were in one of the presses of my cabinet; how was I to reach them?
That was the problem that (crushing my temples in my hands) I set myself to solve. The laboratory door I
had closed. If I sought (tried) to enter by the house, my own servants would consign (send) me to the
gallows (where people are hung). I saw I must employ another hand (person), and thought of Lanyon. How
was he to be reached?
[...] Hyde in danger of his life was a creature new to me; shaken with inordinate (excessive) anger, strung to
the pitch of murder, lusting to inflict pain. Yet the creature was astute (clever); mastered (controlled) his
fury with a great effort of the will; composed his two important letters, one to Lanyon and one to Poole.
Hyde makes his way to Lanyon’s house…
[...]That child of Hell had nothing human; nothing lived in him but fear and hatred, […] these two base
(awful) passions raged within him like a tempest (storm). He walked fast, hunted by his fears, chattering to
himself, skulking through the less-frequented (less crowded) thoroughfares (streets), counting the minutes
that still divided him from midnight. Once a woman spoke to him, offering, I think, a box of lights. He smote
(hit) her in the face, and she fled.
When I came to myself at Lanyon's, the horror of my old friend perhaps affected me somewhat […] A
change had come over me. It was no longer the fear of the gallows (where people are hanged), it was the
horror of being Hyde that racked (pained) me. I received Lanyon's condemnation (criticism) partly in a
dream; it was partly in a dream that I came home to my own house and got into bed. I slept after the
prostration (lying down) of the day, with a stringent (severe) and profound (deep) slumber which not even
59
the nightmares that wrung (affected) me could avail (hope) to break. I awoke in the morning shaken,
weakened, but refreshed. I still hated and feared the thought of the brute that slept within me, and I had
not of course forgotten the appalling dangers of the day before; but I was once more at home, in my own
house and close to my drugs; and gratitude for my escape shone so strong in my soul that it almost rivalled
the brightness of hope.
What is the key quotation which reveals Jekyll’s struggle with Hyde?
The end of the story…
Sum up what is happening in each section…

I was stepping leisurely (calmly) across the court
after breakfast, drinking the chill of the air with
pleasure, when I was seized again with those
indescribable sensations that heralded
(suggested) the change; and I had but the time
to gain the shelter of my cabinet, before I was
once again raging and freezing with the passions
of Hyde. It took on this occasion a double dose
to recall me to myself. […] From that day forth it
seemed only by a great effort as of gymnastics,
and only under the immediate stimulation of
the drug, that I was able to wear the
countenance (face) of Jekyll.
[…] when I slept, or when the virtue (goodness)

of the medicine wore off, I would leap almost
without transition (change) (for the pangs
(pains) of transformation grew daily less marked
(obvious)) into the possession of a fancy (idea)
brimming (full of) with images of terror, a soul
boiling with causeless hatreds, and a body that
seemed not strong enough to contain the raging
energies of life. The powers of Hyde seemed to
have grown with the sickliness of Jekyll. And
certainly the hate that now divided them was
equal on each side.
With Jekyll, it was a thing of vital instinct. He

had now seen the full deformity of that creature
60
that shared with him some of the phenomena
(parts) of consciousness […] he thought of Hyde,
for all his energy of life, as of something not
only hellish but inorganic (not alive or natural).
[...] that insurgent (rising in revolt or rebellion)
horror was knit to him closer than a wife, closer
than an eye; lay caged in his flesh, where he
heard it mutter and felt it struggle to be born.
[...] The hatred of Hyde for Jekyll, was of a

different order (kind). His terror of the gallows
drove him continually to commit temporary
suicide […] he loathed (hated) the despondency
(depression) into which Jekyll was now fallen,
and he resented the dislike with which he was
himself regarded (seen). Hence (therefore) the
ape-like tricks that he would play me, scrawling
in my own hand blasphemies (swear
words/unholy words) on the pages of my
books, burning the letters and destroying the
portrait (painting) of my father; and indeed, had
it not been for his fear of death, he would long
ago have ruined himself in order to involve me
in the ruin.
But his love of life is wonderful; I go further: I,

who sicken and freeze at the mere thought of
him, when I recall the abjection (humiliation)
and passion of this attachment, and when I
know how he fears my power to cut him off by
suicide, I find it in my heart to pity him.
[…] my punishment might have gone on for

years, but for the last calamity which has now
fallen, and which has finally severed me from
my own face and nature. My provision (supply)
of the salt (chemical), which had never been
renewed since the date of the first experiment,
began to run low. I sent out for a fresh supply,
and mixed the draught; the ebullition (bubbling
liquid) followed, and the first change of colour,
not the second; I drank it and it was without
efficiency (it didn’t work properly). You will
learn from Poole how I have had London
ransacked; it was in vain; and I am now
persuaded that my first supply was impure, and
that it was that unknown impurity which lent
efficacy (the desired effect) to the draught.
61
About a week has passed, and I am now
finishing this statement under the influence of
the last of the old powders. This, then, is the last
time, short of a miracle, that Henry Jekyll can
think his own thoughts or see his own face (now
how sadly altered!) in the glass.
[…] the doom (death/disaster) that is closing on

us both, has already changed and crushed him.
Half an hour from now, when I shall again and
for ever re-indue (wear the clothes and
attitudes of a person) that hated personality, I
know how I shall sit shuddering and weeping in
my chair, or continue, with the most strained
and fear-struck ecstasy of listening, to pace up
and down this room (my last earthly refuge
(place of safety)) and give ear to every sound of
menace. Will Hyde die upon the scaffold (be
hung)? or will he find courage to release himself
at the last moment? God knows; I am careless;
this is my true hour of death, and what is to
follow concerns another than myself. Here then,
as I lay down the pen and proceed to seal up my
confession, I bring the life of that unhappy
Henry Jekyll to an end.
How has Stevenson structured the end of the novel to reveal the story of Jekyll and Hyde? Choose four
quotations from throughout the last section of the chapter.
 Identify a technique/interesting use of  Link to the actual words  Does it link to Victorian
language used society, values or beliefs?
 What are the
connotations?
impact?
Phrases which might be useful: initially, at the start, in the beginning, as the chapter progresses, by
the end, at the conclusion

Analysis
 What evidence is there that Jekyll is an ‘unreliable narrator’?

 Why do you think Stevenson wrote this last section of the novel when the reader already knows the
answer to the mystery?
62
 How does Stevenson build up a sense of drama and horror in this section?
 How does Stevenson build up sympathy for Jekyll and, to a lesser extent, Hyde?
Evaluation
How successful is this last section of the novel?
Creative Response
Write Hyde’s diary for the events described in the novel, describing his feelings when he tramples upon the
girl, when he has to pay compensation, when he meets Utterson, when he murders Carew, when he goes
on his nightly adventures, and when he returns in Regents Park and visits Dr Lanyon. Describe his feelings
towards Jekyll.
What is your personal reaction to the story? You must explain your answers by using the word
‘because’.
Did you like the story or not?
What did you like best?
What did you find hardest?
Did you prefer Jekyll or Hyde?
Who is Dr Jekyll?
Find the ten quotes which you think are vital to understanding the character.
Who is Mr Hyde?
Find the ten quotes which you think are vital to understanding the character.
Who is Gabriel Utterson?
Find the six quotes which you think are vital to understanding the character.
Who is Hastie Lanyon?
Find the six quotes which you think are vital to understanding the character.
Who is Danvers Carew?
Find the four quotes which you think are vital to understanding the character.
Who is Poole?
Who is Enfield?
Practice Essay Titles and Plans

How far are you able to feel sympathy for Dr Jekyll?
Before answering, think about the 5Ws and H!
63
 When do you feel sympathy for him? When do you not feel sympathy?
 What makes us feel sympathetic to him? What techniques does RLS use?
 Where in the novel are the moments that make us feel sympathy for him?
 Who feels sympathy for him in the book and how does this affect a reader?
 How does RLS make us feel sympathy for him – and why?
Is Hyde truly evil?

Before answering, think about the 5Ws and H!
 When do you believe he is evil? Are there moments when you don’t?
 What does he do that is evil? What techniques does RLS use to show this?
 Where in the novel are the moments he acts evilly?
 Who are the victims and the causes of his evil acts?
 How does RLS create this evil character – and why?
How far are you able to feel sympathy for Dr Jekyll?

 When do you feel sympathy for him? When do you not feel sympathy?
 What makes us feel sympathetic to him? What techniques does RLS use?
 Where in the novel are the moments that make us feel sympathy for him?
 Who feels sympathy for him in the book and how does this affect a reader?
 How does RLS make us feel sympathy for him – and why?
Is London a character in the novel (this includes the city’s weather)?

 When does setting play a part in the story?
 What does setting add to the story? What techniques does RLS use?
 Where in the novel are the moments that setting is significant?
 Who uses the London setting most effectively?
 How does RLS use setting to help his storytelling – and why?
How important is the story’s structure?
 What info does RLS withhold from readers? What techniques does RLS use?
 Where are the significant moments and scenes?
 Who tells us the story and why?
 How does RLS reveal the truth about Jekyll and Hyde – and why?
64

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The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde

Anything written in a box

Gothic Feature Definition Example

Religious ideas might include

Characters wallowing in their

Excess and Extreme greed or wealth, over

The Vampires, monsters, ghosts,

Imagery Things rotting and breaking

Horror Scary bits – for characters and

Characters living alone,

Sex and Does this one need explaining?

More than one narrative voice.

Crime, lawlessness Murder, theft, cruelty, law-

A character controlling other

Identify examples of the Gothic in this extract from Frankenstein by

Allusion Anxiety Atavism

Consciousness Debased Degenerate

Depraved Duality Ethics

Perversion Professional Respectability

Restraint Savage Subconscious

Supernatural Unorthodox Victorian

TEN VOCABULARY QUESTIONS

A metamorphosis is… An aberration is…

Chapter One: The Story of the Door

Chapter Two: Search for Hyde

Chapter Three: Dr Jekyll was Quite at Ease

Chapter Four: The Carew Murder Case

Chapter Five: Incident of the Letter

Chapter Six: Remarkable Incident of Dr Lanyon

Chapter Seven: Incident at the Window

Chapter Eight: The Last Night

Chapter Nine: Dr Lanyon’s Narrative

Chapter Ten: Henry Jekyll’s Full Statement of the Case

The Life of Robert Louis Stevenson

Comprehension: answer in full sentences in your book.

 What type of person is Mr Utterson?

I gave a view-halloa, took to my heels, collared my gentleman, and

How is Hyde presented in this extract?

Key Quotation Key Quotation

Answer in your book

1. Read the sample paragraph provided.

In these extracts, Stevenson describes the London setting...

Key Quotation Key Quotation

1. Read the sample paragraph provided.

Check your understanding so far...

How did his nanny influence Robert Louis

Chapter One: The Story of the Door

 Why do you think Stevenson chose to introduce Hyde in this way?

Evaluation: How successful is this opening to the novel?

The Influence of Darwin

How did Darwin’s theory influence Jekyll and Hyde?

NB Hyde’s Physical Appearance

Chapter Two: Search for Mr Hyde

Comprehension: answer in full sentences in your book.

 Why is Utterson so upset about Jekyll’s will?

In this extract, Utterson meets Hyde for the first time...

Mr. Hyde was pale and dwarfish, he gave an impression of deformity

Key Quotation Key Quotation

Check your vocab...

1. Read the sample paragraph provided.